葡萄果实成熟期花色苷与白藜芦醇合成相关基因的表达

以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,采用pH示差法和高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分别测定葡萄成熟期果皮花色苷和白藜芦醇含量,用实时荧光定量PCR检测两者合成途径中相关基因的表达量,分析花色苷含量和白藜芦醇含量与其相关基因表达的关系,以揭示结构基因与调控基因的调控机制,为筛选富含花色苷和白藜芦醇的酿酒葡萄提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)葡萄果皮花色苷含量在花后112d达到最高值(0.77mg/g),反式白藜芦醇含量在花后126d达到最高值(30.87μg/g)。(2)花色苷和白藜芦醇合成途径中,CHSs、CHI、STS、UFGT、MybA1、MybA2基因的表达量除花后98d下调外,其余时间均呈上调表达,而Myb5a则始终呈上调表达。(3)相关分析表明,STS基因表达量与CHS1、CHS2基因表达量呈极显著和显著正相关关系,MybA1、MybA2基因表达量与CHSs、CHI、STS、UFGT基因的表达量呈极显著正相关关系;Myb5a基因表达量与CHS3基因表达量呈极显著正相关关系。研究表明,部分结构基因的表达与花色苷和白藜芦醇的变化不同步,MybA1和MybA2可能调控花色苷合成途径中多个结构基因的表达,花色苷与白藜芦醇的关系并不固定,而是处在动态变化中。     

苯丙氨酸生物合成途径关键基因的串联表达

目的:改造大肠杆菌苯丙氨酸生物合成的中心代谢途径,优化关键酶基因pheA、aroF、ppsA、tktA的协同表达,进一步提高苯丙氨酸产量。方法:构建重组质粒pZE12-AFPT,鉴定后通过SDS-PAGE观察其蛋白表达量,并转入缺陷菌大肠杆菌MGΔ中构建工程菌,发酵培养后测量苯丙氨酸产量,与本室保存的重组质粒MGΔpZE12-AF做对比;构建重组质粒pZE21-AF和pZA31-PT,将后者转入感受态pZE12-AF和pZE21-AF中,得到双抗性质粒,并比较转化前后苯丙氨酸的产量。结果:工程菌MGΔpZE12-AFPT的苯丙氨酸产量比对照菌株MGΔpZE12-AF提高了近1.6倍,并且实现了4个串联基因的协同表达;质粒pZA31-PT转入pZE12-AF和pZE21-AF后,苯丙氨酸产量比原质粒pZE12-AF和pZE21-AF分别提高了近0.6倍和2.8倍。结论:实现了4个关键酶基因的串联表达,改造了苯丙氨酸的生物合成途径,使得苯丙氨酸产量有所提高,为进一步得到其高产菌株奠定了基础。     

乙烯利处理对葡萄花色苷合成相关基因表达的影响

利用荧光定量PCR技术分析‘京优’葡萄果实成熟过程中,花色苷生物合成途径相关酶基因mRNA转录水平的变化以及乙烯利处理对果皮中花色苷含量和关键酶基因转录水平的影响。结果显示,葡萄果实发育进入着色期,花色苷合成过程中主要相关基因(CHSs、CHIs、F3Hs、F3′H、F3′5′H、DFR、LDOX、UFGT、OMT和GST)和转录因子(MybA1和MybA1-2)转录水平都显著提高,其中UFGT、GST、MybA1和CHSs、CHIs、F3Hs基因家族中的CHS3、CHI2、F3H2随着花色苷合成而大量转录;乙烯利处理能够增强花色苷合成相关基因的转录,使其转录时期前移和转录水平提高,其中对GST、UFGT和MybA1转录的促进作用最明显。相关性分析表明,花色苷合成与一些花色苷合成相关基因(CHS3、CHI2、F3H2、F3′5′H、UFGT、GST)和转录因子(MybA1)的转录水平呈显著或极显著正相关;与CHS1、CHS2、CHI1、F3H1、DFR、F3′H、LDOX和OMT转录水平的相关性均不显著。本研究结果为进一步阐明花色苷生物合成机理和花色苷类色素的生产应用提供一定的理论依据。     

阿维菌素的生物合成与途径工程

阿维菌素是一种高效安全的大环内酯杀虫杀螨剂。本文介绍了阿维菌素生物合成的步骤及参与合成步骤的有关酶系统和基因簇。对阿维菌素 8个组分合成的遗传控制基因 ,特别是对其中B1a组分合成的遗传控制位点进行讨论分析 ,并介绍了利用途径工程改造阿维链霉菌生产合成单一高效组分B1a和提高活性组分产量的研究进展。     

阿卡波糖的生物合成途径研究进展

阿卡波糖(Acarbose)作为第一个用于临床治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂类药物,自上市以来,由于其高效、安全而得到广泛应用.目前工业化生产所用的生产茵株都来自Actinoplanes sp.SE50/110,其合成途径随着acb基因簇的发现已经基本研究清楚.在另外一种阿卡波糖产生菌Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.O内,同样发现了与acb基因簇具有高度相似性的gac基因簇,其合成途径与acb基因簇遵循相同的路径,而又有显著的差别.就这两种合成途径以及阿卡波糖的产生、转运和代谢进行综述.     

A Neuron-Specific Host MicroRNA Targets Herpes Simplex Virus-1 ICP0 Expression and Promotes Latency

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Ectopic Expression of NCAM in Mouse Fibroblasts Stimulates Self-aggregation,and Promotes Integration into Primary Cerebellum Cell Aggregates

We have undertaken aggregation experiments using mouse LMTK-fibroblasts transfected with various isotypes of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM. We found that selfaggregation of NCAM-positive fibroblasts is enhanced compared to control-transfected cells. The aggregation properties are partly dependent on the expressed NCAM isotype. Fibroblasts expressing a NCAM 140 isotype with exons a₃ and π were further tested in primary cerebellum cell re-aggregation experiments. While control-transfected fibroblasts could not be found in forming aggregates, fibroblasts ectopically expressing NCAM were integrated into neural cell aggregates. Time-lapse photography indicated that the nascent primary cell aggregates actively participated in the integration process by migration and attachment to nearby NCAM-positive fibroblasts.     

Ectopic Expression of NCAM in Mouse Fibroblasts Stimulates Self-aggregation, and Promotes Integration into Primary Cerebellum Cell Aggregates

We have undertaken aggregation experiments using mouse LMTK-fibroblasts transfected with various isotypes of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM. We found that selfaggregation of NCAM-positive fibroblasts is enhanced compared to control-transfected cells. The aggregation properties are partly dependent on the expressed NCAM isotype. Fibroblasts expressing a NCAM 140 isotype with exons a₃ and π were further tested in primary cerebellum cell re-aggregation experiments. While control-transfected fibroblasts could not be found in forming aggregates, fibroblasts ectopically expressing NCAM were integrated into neural cell aggregates. Time-lapse photography indicated that the nascent primary cell aggregates actively participated in the integration process by migration and attachment to nearby NCAM-positive fibroblasts.     

喜树碱的生物合成途径和代谢调控

喜树碱是一种具有抗肿瘤活性的萜类吲哚生物碱,最早是从我国特有植物喜树中分离获得的。本文概述喜树碱的天然分布合成途径和代谢调控的研究进展,并对喜树碱未来的生产和发展研究作了展望。     

Ectopic Expression of eIF-4E in Human Colon Cancer Cells Promotes the Stimulation of Adhesion Molecules by Transforming Growth Factorβ

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) inhibits cellular proliferation, promotes differentiation, and stimulates the expression and secretion of the extracellular matrix adhesion molecules fibronectin and laminin and the colon-associated intercellular adhesion molecule carcinoembryonic antigen. This is collectively called the TGFβ-mediated adhesion response and occurs in the human colon cancer cell line Moser while the cell line KM12SM is relatively unresponsive to TGFβ. We have previously shown that TGFβ rapidly stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) phosphotransferase activity in the Moser cells and that the induction of the adhesion response (but not antiproliferation) by TGFβ is dependent on PKC. Because resistance to growth factors may be due to translational suppression and the translation initiation factor eIF-4E may alleviate translational suppression, we determined the effect of eIF-4E expression on the responses of Moser and KM12SM cells to TGFβ. Ectopic expression of eIF-4E in the TGFβ-responsive Moser cells enhanced the activation of PKC by TGFβ and the induction of the adhesion response, especially the secretion of adhesion molecules, but not the antiproliferative response. Ectopic expression of eIF-4E in the TGFβ-resistant KM12SM cells increased TGFβ stimulation of PKC and the TGFβ-mediated adhesion response (but not antiproliferation). The secretion of adhesion molecules was significantly increased by TGFβ. These results showed in these cells that eIF-4E promotes TGFβ-regulated adhesion but not antiproliferation in a PKC-dependent manner.     

激活mGlu5通过MAPK信号通路调节肝癌细胞HepG2生长

代谢型谷氨酸受体5（mGlu5）与神经元存活及脑肿瘤发生关系密切.近年发现,mGlu5在肝组织中有表达,并且在肝的病理过程中发挥重要的调节作用.而 mGlu5 是否在肝癌中起作用,目前尚未见报道.本研究选用代谢型谷氨酸受体特异性激动剂二羟基苯甘氨酸(dihydroxyphenylglycine,DHPG)处理肝癌细胞HepG2,从而探讨激活mGlu5对肝癌细胞生长的影响及其机制.结果显示,激活mGlu5能够促进HepG2细胞生长,并激活ERK/JNK通路,抑制p38通路,进而激活转录因子CREB/Elk1和NF-κB.本文揭示了MAPK通路可能参与mGlu5对肝癌细胞生长的调控,为临床提供以mGlu5作为药物靶位点的肝癌治疗新思路.