绿洲化进程中不同利用强度农田对土壤质量的影响

土壤质量研究对于区域土地可持续利用及当地环境维护具有重要价值。以处于极端干旱背景下的塔里木盆地南缘策勒绿洲为研究区,以农田这一重要的土地利用类型为研究对象,探讨在绿洲化进程中不同农田利用强度对绿洲荒漠土壤的影响。2004年根据当地农民耕作习惯建立4块试验农田,分别代表当地典型的农田利用强度。通过土壤粒径分布分形特征,及基于土壤养分指标的土壤质量指数(SQI)、基于生产力数据的产量可持续性指数(SYI)分析,多角度探讨农田在不同利用强度下的土壤质量分异特征。研究表明农田位置与人为管理强度会对土壤质量产生重要影响,在绿洲边缘对农田开发利用应当采取谨慎的态度及合理的管理方式。研究在客观分析并揭示绿洲化进程中农田土壤质量分异的同时,也为绿洲农田可持续利用管理提供科学建议。     

干旱区土壤盐渍化特征空间建模

当前,土壤盐渍化以及因灌溉引起的土壤次生盐渍化问题是我国干旱、半干旱区所面临的主要生态环境问题。在特征空间理论的支持下,以波谱分解技术为基础,以Landsat-TM、Landsat-ETM+多光谱遥感影像和野外调查数据为基础数据源,通过分析干旱区土壤盐渍化对地表生物物理特征的影响,探讨了表征盐渍化过程与地表生物物理特征之间的规律及定量关系,进而利用土壤盐渍化遥感监测中关键的3个指标——经过波谱分解技术获得的直接表征盐渍化的土壤盐渍化光谱、间接表征盐渍化的植被覆盖度和土壤水分含量协同构建了二维特征空间支持下的土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型VSSI(Vegetation fraction and Soil fraction Soil Index)、SVSI(Soil water contents and Vegetation fraction Soil Index)、SSSI(Soil water contents and Soil salinization fraction Soil Index)和三维特征空间支持下的土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型SVWSI和SDI。研究结果表明:基于三维特征空间建立的SVWSI(Soil salinization fraction-Vegetation fraction-Water contents Soil Index)和SDI(Soil Distance Index)模型对不同盐渍化程度土壤的敏感程度要高于基于传统二维特征空间建立的VSSI、SVSI和SSSI模型。其中,SVWSI和SDI模型与实测0—10 cm土壤盐分含量决定系数分别为R2=0.8325和R2=0.8646,这充分说明基于高维数特征空间所构建的土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型能更准确地反映盐渍化土壤地表盐量组合及其变化信息,且指标简单、易于获取,对于今后干旱区区域大尺度盐渍地信息提取以及动态监测研究具有重要意义。     

The limiting roles of nitrogen and moisture on Sphagnum angustifolium growth over a depth to water table gradient

Plant and Soil - Lespedeza cuneata is a non-native invasive legume that alters the soil bacterial community, associates promiscuously with rhizobia, and benefits more from rhizobial interactions...     

AKT1, HAK5, SKOR,HKT1;5, SOS1 and NHX1 synergistically control Na+ and K+ homeostasis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seedlings under saline conditions

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Soil salinity is a growing problem for agricultural productivity worldwide. Our previous studies showed that tetraploid cultivar exhibited more...     

The Temperature Sensitivity of the Processes of the Initial Stage of Microbial Decomposition of Woody Litter in Forest Soil

Biophysics - Abstract—Soil organic matter of forest ecosystems is characterized by high sensitivity to increased temperatures, which makes soil organic matter more vulnerable under the...     

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 requires additional phosphorus for N2 fixation

Plant and Soil - The steady rise of atmospheric CO2 concentrations enhances symbiotic N2 fixation and plant growth. However, it is largely unknown whether more P is required to enhance N2 fixation...     

Changes in soil phosphorus fractions in response to long‐term phosphate fertilization under sole cropping and intercropping of maize and faba bean on a calcareous soil

Plant and Soil - Understanding how soil phosphorus (P) fractions change is critical to achieve more efficient soil P use in a highly P-sorbing calcareous soil. The fields were managed without or...     

Significance of the sequence of K+ and NH4 + application for the availability of nitrogen to the rice plant

Plant and Soil - The sequence of K+ and NH4 + application in soil significantly influences the dry matter production of rice plant as well as its nitrogen uptake. The above influence is more...     

华北地区土壤水分的时空变化特征

土壤水分是重要的水文参数,也是水循环、气候变化等研究的基本要素。本研究利用中国气象局新一代自动土壤水分观测网逐小时土壤水分观测数据,分析2013—2019年间华北地区土壤水分的时空分布和变化趋势及其与降水和温度的关系。结果表明: 研究期间,华北地区10~100 cm土层土壤水分整体呈波动下降趋势,尤以100 cm根区土壤水分减少最明显。华北地区不同深度土壤水分空间分布均呈东南高、西北低的特征。10 cm土层63%面积缺墒。不同深度土壤水分随季节变化明显,夏季各层土壤水分达到最高,墒情适宜,春季土壤水分处于低值。土壤水分与降水和温度均具有较好的响应关系,随着土壤深度的增加相关性逐渐减弱,且土壤水分对降水的响应比对气温的响应更显著。     

Salicylic acid alleviates aluminum-induced inhibition of biomass by enhancing photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in Panax notoginseng

Plant and Soil - The atmospheric deposition of N has rapidly increased in recent years, but whether the C:N:P stoichiometry of older leaves, litter and the mineral layer of soil is more sensitive...     

Soil fungal floras in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan

Soil fungi in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands, Japan are surveyed, and among a total of 370 isolates studied, more than 81 fungus species belonging to 47 genea are identified. The significance of the flora is discussed.     

Bioventing soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

Summary Bioventing combines the capabilities of soil venting and enhanced bioremediation to cost-effectively remove light and middle distillate hydrocarbons from vadose zone soils and the groundwater table. Soil venting removes the more volatile fuel components from unsaturated soil and promotes aerobic biodegradation by driving large volumes of air into the subsurface. In theory, air is several thousand times more effective than water in penetrating and aerating fuel-saturated and low permeability soil horizons. Aerobic microbial degradation can mitigate both residual and vapor phase hydrocarbon concentrations. Soil venting is being evaluated at a number of U.S. military sites contaminated with middle distillate fuels to determine its potential to stimulate in situ aerobic biodegradation and to develop techniques to promote in situ vapor phase degradation. In situ respirometric evaluations and field pilot studies at sites with varying soil conditions indicate that bioventing is a cost-effective method to treat soils contaminated with jet fuels and diesel.     

Soil under nurse plants is always better than outside: a survey on soil amelioration by a complete guild of nurse plants across a long environmental gradient

Aims

Soil under nurse plants is more fertile than in the harsh surroundings. This is a primary mechanism involved in plant to plant facilitation and it is critical in structuring plant communities under stressful conditions. However we do not know how this soil enrichment process varies along complex environmental gradients and among coexisting nurse plants.

Methods

Soil properties related to structure, resource stocks and microbial activity, were compared among up to ten nurse plant species and adjacent barren soil areas, along a 1600 m elevation gradient above the treeline in central Chilean Andes. Shifts in Relative Interaction Index (RII) sensu Armas (Ecology 85: 2682–2686, 2004) and in coefficient of variation on soil properties were also modelled.

Results

Soil under nurse plants was always richer than on barren areas irrespective of altitude, except in the case of texture with more small particles in the intermediate altitude. β-glucosidase activity was higher under cushion plants than under nurse plants with other growth habit. Besides β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities were more variable at higher altitudes. Nitrogen was more variable under nurse plants than in barren areas and its RII values were lower at intermediate altitudes.

Conclusions

Soil amelioration by nurse plants occurred all along the studied environmental gradient promoting islands of fertility and a general increase on soil niches heterogeneity.

     

Inconsistent autotrophic respiration but consistent heterotrophic respiration responses to 5-years nitrogen addition under natural and planted Pinus tabulaeformis forests in northern China

Plant and Soil - Plants grown under elevated CO2 (eCO2) demand more nitrogen from soil and invest more labile carbon (C) compounds into below-ground. This would potentially affect microbial...     

Rainfall reduction impacts rhizosphere biogeochemistry in eucalypts grown in a deep Ferralsol in Brazil

Plant and Soil - Comparing root functioning under contrasting rainfall regimes can help assessing the capacity of plant species to cope with more intense and frequent drought predicted under...     

黄土旱塬区免耕玉米田土壤呼吸对降雨的响应

在多年定位试验的基础上,采用LI-8150-16多通道土壤碳通量测量系统对传统耕作和免耕处理下玉米田的土壤呼吸进行了连续观测,以探讨不同耕作措施处理下土壤呼吸对降雨的响应。结果表明:降雨发生瞬间,土壤呼吸受应激反应影响迅速降低,传统耕作和免耕处理下分别较降雨前降低62.9%—92.9%和35.8%—56.9%;降雨后,传统耕作和免耕处理土壤呼吸的降幅范围分别为31.5%—89.2%和15.7%—59.9%;土壤体积含水量接近于18%时,传统耕作下土壤呼吸比免耕下高51.8%,当土壤体积含水量高于30%时,传统耕作下土壤呼吸比免耕处理下低43.0%,表明传统耕作土壤呼吸更易受土壤水分的影响,波动幅度大;传统耕作处理下土壤呼吸随土壤温度的升高而增大,免耕处理下土壤呼吸随土壤温度的升高变化不明显;土壤体积含水量较小(20%)时,不同耕作处理下土壤呼吸均随土壤含水量增加而增加,含水量较高(30%)时则均随土壤含水量的升高而减小,两种情况下均为免耕处理的变化速率更大;双因子线性模型可较好地描述玉米田土壤呼吸对温度和水分变化的响应。     

Effect of twenty four wheat genotypes on soil biochemical and microbial properties

Plant and Soil - Understanding the effect of wheat genotype on soil properties will be crucial in breeding towards more sustainable wheat production and increased yield. We examined the...     

Both vacant niches and competition-trait hierarchy are useful for explaining the invasion of Caragana microphylla into the semi-arid grassland

Plant and Soil - Trait-based coexistence theories are useful to explain community processes. The aim was to distinguish which theory played a more important role in explaining the invasion...     

Post-flowering nitrogen uptake leads to the genotypic variation in seed nitrogen accumulation of oilseed rape

Plant and Soil - The conventional management adopted in many Mediterranean olive orchards makes them more vulnerable to climate change and attacks by pathogens, due to the decreased chemical plant...     

芦苇湿地土壤有机碳和全氮含量的垂直分布特征

利用元素分析仪,测定了芦苇湿地不同层次土壤有机碳和全N的变化.结果表明,土壤有机碳、全N及C/N随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势.对不同月份(7、8、9和10月)而言,有机碳、全N及C/N比累积峰位于不同的土层中.土壤温度、水分及芦苇生长状况是引起分异的重要因子.7、8和10月份芦苇湿地不同层次土壤有机碳与全N呈显著相关(R²=0.73、0.73、0.71),而9月份芦苇湿地不同层次土壤有机碳与全N之间的相关性相对较差(R²=0.41).土壤C/N与土壤有机碳、全N均呈负相关,但C/N与全N的相关性强于土壤有机碳,说明C/N的大小主要决定于全N含量.