胞外ATP：一种新的细胞凋亡诱导剂

众所周知 ,ＡＴＰ是生物细胞内最主要的能量储存和供应物质。而Ｇｒｅｅｎ等 ( 1 95 0 )注意到ＡＴＰ对新血管的产生有重要影响 ,使得对ＡＴＰ的研究从胞内转向胞外。目前已发现 ,胞外ＡＴＰ不仅具有兴奋性递质功能 (ｅｘ ｃｉｔａｔｏｒｙｔｒａｎｓｍｉｔｔｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ) ,还参与有丝分裂原刺激 (ｍｉｔｏｇｅｎｉｃｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ)、基因表达、细胞生长及其死亡等多种代谢活动的调控。近年来的研究表明 ,胞外ＡＴＰ还是一种细胞凋亡诱导剂 ,能通过胞外专一受体和胞内代谢产物破坏细胞正常代谢的两条完全不同途径诱导不同…     

核转录因子TR3的转位与细胞凋亡

在诸多凋亡路径中 ,线粒体膜的渗透性改变是导致多种凋亡关键分子从线粒体膜内腔释放出来的主要原因。这些分子包括胱天蛋白酶原 (ｐｒｏ ｃａｓｐａｓｅ)、细胞色素ｃ(胱天蛋白酶的激活剂 )、Ｓｍａｃ/Ｄｉａｂｌｏ(胱天蛋白酶的协同激活剂 ) [1] 等。Ｌｉ等[2 ] 新近发现了一种凋亡前期转录因子ＴＲ3,又称作Ｎｕｒ77或ＮＧ ＦＩＢ ,通常它存在于细胞核中 ,某种情况下也能转移到线粒体中 ,并引起线粒体膜的渗透性变化 ,最终导致细胞凋亡。ＴＲ3是一种类固醇 甲状腺激素 类维生素Ａ类转录因子 ,它有一个中央锌指状ＤＮＡ结合结构域 ,在其两…     

Concanavalin A as an Inducer of Human Lymphocyte Mitogenic Factor

IT is likely that pharmacological products of antigen : lymphocyte interaction (“lymphokines”) act as mediators and regulators of a variety of cellular immune responses^1,2. This view is strengthened by demonstrations that phytomitogen lectins induce lymphocytes to generate products with similar biological activities^3,4 and physicochemical characteristics⁵, to the lymphokines. Increasing evidence suggests that mitogenic lymphokines may mediate lymphocyte transformation responses in vitro and facilitate lymphoid cell cooperation in vivo (refs. 1,2,6–9). The study of mitogenic factor production by phytomitogens which may predominantly activate thymus-dependent lymphocytes (Concanavalin A (ConA))^8,9 provides a model approach to the investigation of lymphokine function in man. Powles et al.⁴ have described a ConA-induced mitogenic factor which stimulated autologous human lymphocytes only, whereas antigen-induced lymphocyte factors generally stimulate both allogeneic and syngeneic lymphocytes^11–13. Interest in ConA as an inducer of human lymphocyte mitogenic factors would be widened if conditions were found in which ConA stimulated human lymphocytes to generate products which were mitogenic for both allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes. As a lymphokine stimulant, ConA has the advantage that it is largely removed from culture fluids by absorption to cross-linked dextrans (‘Sephadex G-50’) or serum glycoproteins¹⁴. Here we demonstrate that a ‘Sephadex’-binding fraction of ConA (ConA- V) induces human lymphocytes to generate a mitogenic factor which activates both allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes.     

人成纤维细胞转录因子Sp1Sp3对p16~(INK4a)基因的调控

p16 INK4a是一种细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶 (cdk)的抑制因子 ,它通过抑制cdk4与cdk6的活性 ,使视网膜母细胞瘤抑制蛋白Rb处于低磷酸化状态 ,从而使细胞阻滞于G1期 .对p16 INK4aATG上游 6 2 2bp片段进行序列分析发现 ,该区域富含GC ,其中有 5个GC盒 (分别命名为GC Ⅰ～GC Ⅴ ) .将上述片段插入到荧光素酶报告载体pGL3 Basic ,分别对 5个GC盒进行点突变后转染人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞 (2BS)发现 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ位点的突变体显著下调p16 INK4a启动子的活性 ,而Ⅲ、Ⅴ位点突变体无明显作用 .电泳迁移率变动分析 (EMSA)证实 ,GC Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅳ能与转录因子Sp1和Sp3结合 ,而且结合条带可被转录因子Sp1和Sp3的抗体所拮抗 .共转染Sp1有助于增加启动子的活性 ,而共转染Sp3则有较弱的抑制作用 ,证明p16 INK4a的转录受到Sp1与Sp3的调控 .     

Induction of Apoptosis in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Cultured Cells and Demonstration of E Protein as an Apoptosis Inducer

We demonstrated that infection of 17Cl-1 cells with the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. MHV-infected DBT cells did not show apoptotic changes, indicating that apoptosis was not a universal mechanism of cell death in MHV-infected cells. Expression of MHV structural proteins by recombinant vaccinia viruses showed that expression of MHV E protein induced apoptosis in DBT cells, whereas expression of other MHV structural proteins, including S protein, M protein, N protein, and hemagglutinin-esterase protein, failed to induce apoptosis. MHV E protein-mediated apoptosis was suppressed by a high level of Bcl-2 oncogene expression. Our data showed that MHV E protein is a multifunctional protein; in addition to its known function in coronavirus envelope formation, it also induces apoptosis.     

Sp1和Sp3介导的转录调控

基本转录因子Sp1和Sp3对转录调控区GC盒有很强的亲和力,参与几乎所有细胞功能,包括细胞增殖、凋亡、分化和新生物的转化.但在同一细胞中Sp1和Sp3对不同基因的作用并不相同,二者对基因特异性的转录调控是Sp1和Sp3研究领域的重要问题.近年来发现,Sp1和Sp3自身表达水平、结合的靶序列、磷酸化、糖基化等翻译后修饰,其他蛋白质的结合以及染色质结构与修饰等方面均可影响Sp1和Sp3的转录活性.本文从Sp1和Sp3蛋白参与转录调节的机制以及影响其基因特异性转录活性的诸方面因素这两大侧面,介绍了近年来的最新进展.     

Role of STAT3 Transcription Factor in Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma

Biochemistry (Moscow) - Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of airways. The studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms of bronchial asthma have established that a...     

IFI16 Targets the Transcription Factor Sp1 to Suppress HIV-1 Transcription and Latency Reactivation

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