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1.
Changes in the brain’s neuroactive steroid levels, behavior in the open field, and the anxious-phobic status of male and female
rats in the course of development have been studied. An increase in the motor and exploratory activity and emotionality in
rats of both sexes in the pubertal period and a decrease in their values in mature and old animals have been detected. Anxiety
has no sexual dimorphism in adult animals; it is significantly higher in males than in females in the prepubertal and pubertal
periods of development and is higher in old females than in males of the same age. An increase in the level of corticosterone
in some brain structures in maturing and old rats has been found; the testosterone concentration increases in one-month-old
and adult animals but decreases in old individuals, while the estradiol concentration in all studied brain structures of male
and female rats was low in all periods of postnatal life. Correlation analysis has shown modulation by steroid hormones of
the changes in behavioral responses during development. 相似文献
2.
Protein phosphorylation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids and cultures. 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
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Protein phosphorylation was demonstrated in Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids in vivo and in cultures in vivo and in vitro. Comparison of in vivo-labeled phosphoproteins of bacteroids and of cultured cells showed differences in both the pattern and intensity of labeling. In cultured cells, comparison of the labeling patterns and intensities of in vivo- and in vitro-labeled phosphoproteins showed a number of similarities; however, several phosphoproteins were found only after one of the two labeling conditions. The labeling intensity was time dependent in both in vivo and in vitro assays and was dependent on the presence of magnesium in in vitro assays. Differences in the rates of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation were noted for a number of proteins. The level of incorporation of 32P into protein was only 2% or less of the total phosphate accumulated during the in vivo labeling period. Several isolation and sample preparation procedures resulted in differences in labeling patterns. Phosphatase inhibitors and several potential metabolic effectors had negligible effects on the phosphorylation pattern. There were no significant changes in the phosphorylation patterns of cells cultured on mannitol, acetate, and succinate, although the intensity of the labeling did vary with the carbon source. 相似文献
3.
辣椒雄性不育系与保持系花药POD、SOD和EST同工酶表达差异研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用辣椒质核互作雄性不育材料,采用聚丙酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了在花药发育不同时期,甜椒和辣椒核质互作雄性不育系及其保持系POD、SOD和EST同工酶的差异.结果表明:不育系与保持系,在花药发育的不同时期POD同工酶表达种类及表达活性之间存在差异,其中甜椒不育系在减数分裂期POD同工酶的活性非常低,辣椒雄性不育系在减数分裂期及花粉成熟期分别多一条POD特征带.不育系与保持系之间SOD同工酶的表达活性及其表达种类无明显差异.在减数分裂期和花粉成熟期,甜椒和辣椒不育系与保持系花药EST同工酶酶带均存在明显的差异. 相似文献
4.
Observations on granulocyte peroxidase of 123 teleosts are reported and correlated with previous studies to put occurrence of fish granulocyte peroxidase in a phylogenetic perspective. Eosinophil peroxidase occurs in archaic groups such as lungfish and sturgeons, but is usually weak and infrequently observed in chondrichthyans, and in teleosts occurs in some elopomorphs, is consistently observed in stomiiforms, is rarely observed and usually weak in acanthopterygians and absent from salmoniforms, scopelomorphs and paracanthopterygians. Peroxidase is absent from lungfish and sturgeon neutrophils, is present in neutrophils of some elopomorphs and clupeimorphs. both of which are basal teleost groups, but in salmoniforms and higher teleosts is consistently observed in neutrophils. although often weak in pleuronectiforms.
Loss of eosinophil peroxidase and development of neutrophil peroxidase in teleosts may be due to inefficient phagocytosis and loss of peroxidase with degranulation in eosinophils, being superseded by concentration of peroxidase in phagosomes in neutrophils. 相似文献
Loss of eosinophil peroxidase and development of neutrophil peroxidase in teleosts may be due to inefficient phagocytosis and loss of peroxidase with degranulation in eosinophils, being superseded by concentration of peroxidase in phagosomes in neutrophils. 相似文献
5.
The severe lethal chondrodystrophies in man result in a common clinical syndrome including shortening of the face, mandible, and limbs. Studies of three lethal chondrodystrophic mutants in mice, viz., chondrodysplasia (cho), cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd), and disproportionate micromelia (Dmm), which share this syndrome, were performed with the aim of identifying histochemical, immunofluorescence, or ultrastructural differences which might exist among these hereditary cartilage disorders. We examined limb cartilage epiphyses from day 18 normal and mutant fetuses and observed repeatable, mostly qualitative differences. All observations were made relative to the normal control. Histochemical staining of matrix proteoglycan was moderately decreased in cho and Dmm cartilage and markedly decreased in cmd when compared to the normal control. Staining of matrix collagen was irregular in distribution in cho, increased in cmd, and decreased in Dmm. Immunofluorescence of proteoglycan was increased in the matrix of cho and Dmm and decreased in cmd. Immunofluorescence of type II collagen was heterogeneous and moderately decreased in the matrix of cho, increased in cmd, and markedly decreased in Dmm. Immunofluorescence of link protein in cho was localized in the cellular-pericellular region as in the normal and appeared increased in the matrix of cmd and Dmm. Immunofluorescence of chondronectin was localized in the cellular-pericellular region and appeared normal in all three mutants. Major differences in cellular and matrix ultrastructure were observed among the mutants, including a decreased frequency of small-diameter collagen fibrils in cho and Dmm, increased density of collagen fibrils in cmd, and dilated RER in Dmm. These observations demonstrate that distinct structural and possibly molecular differences exist among the chondrodystrophies. In the case of cmd, the differences correlated with a previously reported molecular defect, viz., absence of core protein of cartilage specific proteoglycan in the cartilage of this mutant. It is anticipated that the methods used in the present study can be applied to humans in case classification and in identifying potential mouse-human correlates. 相似文献
6.
The levels of serum fatty acids in the serum and in the serum fractions of cholesterol esters (ECH) and triglycerides (TG) and the levels of these acids in these fractions of platelets were compared in healthy controls and in patients with clinically manifested coronary arterial disease. Decreased level of linoleic acid was found in the serum and in the ECH fraction of the serum in the patients, with a rise in the level of palmitic acid in the ECH fraction of the serum of these patients. The level of linoleic acid in the ECH and TG platelet fractions in these patients was not different from that in the healthy controls, while in the platelet TG fraction of the patients the level of palmitoleic acid was raised, and the level of oleic acid was increased in the platelet ECH fraction. 相似文献
7.
广东大中型水库底泥重金属含量特征及潜在生态风险评价 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
广东省45宗大中型水库底泥重金属含量分析评价结果表明:除Cr外,广东省大中型水库底泥中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量均高于广东省土壤重金属含量背景值.广东省四大地理区域中,粤北地区大中型水库底泥Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd平均含量均为最高,分别为89.71、321.21、154.95mg/kg和1.46mg/kg;其次是粤东和粤中地区;粤西大中型水库底泥Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd平均含量均为最低,但Cr平均含量居四大区域之首,为130.81mg/kg.粤东和粤北大中型水库底泥重金属富集系数以Cd最高;粤中和粤西大中型水库底泥重金属富集系数则以Cu最大.总体而言,粤北大中型水库底泥重金属具有很强的潜在生态风险,粤东和粤中大中型水库底泥重金属潜在生态风险程度为中等;粤西大中型水库底泥重金属属于轻微生态风险程度.结果说明,广东省大部分地区大中型水库底泥的重金属潜在生态风险主要是由于底泥中Cd的潜在生态风险系数过高所造成.人为生产活动,特别是矿产开采造成的污染是广东省大中型水库底泥重金属潜在生态风险等级提高的主要原因. 相似文献
8.
为研究油茶(Camellia oleifera A)嫁接时穗条和砧木创伤后内源激素动态变化规律,解析影响砧穗嫁接面愈合的生理机制,为油茶砧穗愈合生长机理提供理论支持。以树龄6年的长林18号和53号的穗条和实生砧木为材料,按照芽苗砧嫁接方法切割穗条S0(0 min)、S10(10 min)、S40(40 min)和砧木茎段Z0(0 min)、Z10(10 min)后,利用液质联用法(HPLC-MS)测定吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、反式玉米素(TZR)、玉米素(Zeatin)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量,分析不同时间段内源激素变化及品种间差异的关系。结果显示:创伤后18号的TZR、Zeatin和SA含量总体高于53号;18号IAA、SA和JA逐渐下降;TZR和Zeatin分别在S10和S0达最高值后下降;ABA在S10达最高值。53号IAA和JA爱S10达最高值后下降;TZR、Zeatin和SA在S10达低值后逐渐上升;ABA在S0达高值后逐渐下降。砧木茎段创伤前后激素含量除JA外18号高于53号;两品种Z0时激素含量下降,Z10后上升,仅53号ABA和SA含量在Z0达高值后下降。砧木茎段和根部激素含量在品种间除JA外18号高于53号,茎段的IAA、ABA高于根部,其他激素为根部高于茎段。激素比值在品种间和部位间差异明显;IAA/ABA、IAA/TZR、IAA/Zeatin和IAA/JA、ABA/TZR、ABA/Zeatin和ABA/JA比值为53号高于18号;穗条内SA/IAA为18号高于53号,SA/JA和SA/ABA为53号高于18号;砧木茎段均为18号高于53号;TZR/SA、TZR/JA比值在穗条和砧木茎段为18号高于53号。两品种创伤后IAA与JA极显著正相关,而IAA与SA,SA与JA在18号极显著正相关,53号极显著或显著负相关;53号TZR、Zeatin、SA间极显著或显著正相关,JA与TZR、Zeatin和SA极显著负相关。砧木茎段创伤后18号激素间为极显著或显著正相关;53号TZR和Zeatin与IAA、JA极显著正相关,与SA存在显著负相关,SA与JA有显著负相关。砧木茎段和根部间品种间仅在SA与各激素间相关性存在差异,其他激素间存在极显著正相关或负相关。综上所述,砧穗创伤后激素水平上18号在创伤面易于愈伤组织发育,而53号抗逆激素水平较高且与细胞分裂增殖类激素负相关,可能影响53号嫁接后愈合生长;嫁接应在创伤后10 min内较为适宜;砧穗间激素含量及比值的差异可能会影响后期嫁接部位形态重建以及穗条生长。 相似文献
9.
The retention of cadmium and selenium influence on Cd retention in the muscle, liver and kidneys of hens, chickens and in eggs was studied. Cadmium (Cd) as cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) and selenium (Se) as sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) were added to feed at dosages: group 0-control, group 1-20 mg/kg Cd, group 2-30 mg/kg Cd + 4 mg/kg Se. The birds were exposed to Cd for 8 weeks. Cadmium level in hens and cocks was found highest in the kidneys, followed by the liver and muscle. Se supplementation resulted in Cd increase in the muscle tissue and in the reduction of Cd content in the liver and in significant decrease in the kidneys (p < 0.05). A higher Cd level in the yolk and lower in the white was noted in both experimental groups. Nonsignificant increase of Cd in eggs was noted in experimental groups with Se supplementation. Level of cadmium in organs of 7-day-old chicks hatched from Cd-treated hens in both experimental groups was low but the tendency to accumulate preferentially the Cd in the liver and kidneys was recorded. Supplementation of selenium in hens and cocks was not reflected in the decrease of Cd in these two organs of F(1) chickens but was reflected in increase in the muscle. In spite of relatively high Cd levels in the organs of layers no layer-egg-chickens transfer was observed. It was confirm that kidneys and liver are organs more attacked by dietary cadmium than muscle. Supplementation of low dose of Se resulted in decrease of cadmium deposition in analyzed organs. 相似文献
10.
11.
崇左金花茶花朵和叶片类黄酮UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以崇左金花茶(Camellia chuangtsoensis)为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术定性定量分析其花朵(花瓣、雄蕊)和叶片(老叶、新叶)中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明,崇左金花茶中共检测到14种类黄酮成分,木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为山茶属金花茶组植物中首次发现,其中槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷主要存在于花朵中,木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶组植物叶片中首次发现,其叶片中含量远低于花朵,老叶中远低于新叶,雄蕊中远低于花瓣;儿茶素和表儿茶素在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素和山萘酚在花朵和叶片中含量均较低。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中含量较高的类黄酮为儿茶素类、木犀草素类和槲皮素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷;叶片中为儿茶素类和木犀草素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中儿茶素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量均高于叶片,且雄蕊高于花瓣;花瓣和雄蕊中槲皮素类远高于叶片,且花瓣中远高于雄蕊。 相似文献
12.
社鼠组织器官同工酶的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法,分析了社鼠的肝、肾、心肌、骨骼肌、肺、脾和脑等多种组织器官的LDH、ADH、EST、和SOD4种同工酶,对各组织器官的酶带数目和分布,以及酶活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,社鼠的LDH同工酶、ADH同工酶和EST同工酶具有比较明显的组织特异性,而SOD同工酶的组织特异性较低。肺和脾除EST同工酶活性较高外,脑除LDH同工酶活性较高外,其它3种同工酶的活性均较低;而肝和肾中4种同工酶的活性普遍很高。心肌和骨骼肌因氧张力不同而使LDH同工酶酶谱存在明显差异,但其它3种同工酶酶谱却非常相似。同工酶的组织特异性与各组织器官所执行的生理功能是相一致的 相似文献
13.
The authors studied acute changes in the fatty acid composition of the tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. They found that streptozotocin diabetes led to changes in the total lipids fatty acid spectrum in serum and in tissues (liver, adipose tissue, renal cortex diaphragm). After only 7 days' diabetes there was an increase in the percentual proportion of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the amount of polyene fatty acids in the serum and in all the above tissue of diabetic animals. Palmitic acid (16:0) participated in the increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in all the given tissues, while stearic acid (18:0) played a role in the increase in the renal cortex and the serum. Among the monoene acids, there was a drop in the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1) in the adipose tissue and serum and in the amount of oleic acid (18:1) in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. Linoleic acid (18:2) played a role in the decrease in the proportion of polyene acids in all the given tissues and the serum, while arachidonic acid (20:4) was involved in the drop in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. The results show that diabetes leads to changes in the fatty acid composition of the renal cortex and muscle, as well as of the liver and adipose tissue. At present it is not yet clear whether there is an absolute decrease in the proportion of essential fatty acids, or whether diabetes is characterized by an increase in the amount of lipids in both serum and tissues. 相似文献
14.
A S Shadrin I G Marinich L Y Taros 《Journal of hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology》1977,21(2):155-161
One and the same series of live influenza vaccine from the strains B/Dushanbe/66 and B/Leningrad/67 or A2/Moscow/21/65 administered intranasally to non-immune persons in Leningrad and 'krasnodar in winter caused an increase in body temperature in 6.7-8% of vaccinated subjects, but in summer in 0.8%. In the transitional seasons of the year (in May and in October), 6.3-16.8% of reactions were observed in Murmansk and 0.1% in Krasnodar. An increase in antibodies in the vaccinated in Leningrad and Arkhangelsk in winter was observed 1.5 times more frequently than in summer. In Krasnodar, seroconversion occurred in only 5.7% in May and october, but in 31.3% in January; in Murmansk in 41.2-48% in May and in 75.6-78.8% in October. The seasonal as well as latitudinal and climatic differences in reactogenicity and antigenic activity of the vaccine can be explained by seasonal oscillations in non-specific resistance of people of influenza viruses. The importance of this factor in the mechanism of seasonal occurrence of influenza is discussed. 相似文献
15.
S. R. Palmer A. H. Biffin P. S. Craig T. M. Walters 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1996,312(7032):674-675
OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the success of the south Powys hydatid control programme by analysis of trends in cystic disease in humans and sheep and dog infestation. DESIGN--A review of hospital admissions for human hydatid disease in 1984-90, abattoir prevalence surveys of hydatid cysts in adult sheep, arecoline acetarsol and coproantigen surveys of prevalence of Echinococcus infestation in dogs. SETTING--All hospitals in England and Wales, three abattoirs, and dog populations in mid ands south east Wales. SUBJECTS--Residents of England and Wales admitted to hospital between 1984 and 1990 with a new diagnosis of human hydatid disease (International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ninth revision, code 122) acquired in the United Kingdom. RESULTS--The average annual incidence of human hydatid disease in Powys, mid-Wales, fell from 3.9x10(-5) in 1974-83 to 2.3x10(-5) in 1984-90. Age specific incidence rates in Wales declined over this period only in children, and no cases occurred in children (<15 years) in Powys. Two Welsh children who lived in Gwent and mid-Glamorgan were infected. Prevalence of hydatid cysts in old sheep from south Wales declined during the control period, but in 1993 prevalence of cysts was 13%. Prevalence of E granulosus infestation was zero in the control area in 1993, but it was 2.4% in Powys dogs outside the control area in 1989 and 9.2% in dogs in Gwent in 1991. CONCLUSIONS--Human hydatid disease has been successfully controlled in south Powys but cystic echinococcosis is still endemic in sheep in mid-Wales, and there is a focus of infection in humans, sheep, and dogs in the bordering areas of Gwent and mid-Glamorgan. There is considerable potential for an upsurge in human cases if control measures are relaxed. 相似文献
16.
目的:探讨高原鼢鼠对洞道低氧高二氧化碳环境的代谢适应机制。方法:用酶活力分析法,分析春季、夏季和秋季高原鼢鼠血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力、乳酸含量和组织LDH活力,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析血清和组织LDH同工酶谱。结果:高原鼢鼠血清LDH活力在春夏秋三季具有明显的差异,春季高于夏季,夏季高于秋季,血清乳酸含量表现出同样的变化趋势;春季血清中五种同工酶条带都清晰可见,夏季血清中LDH5和LDH4清晰可见,秋季血清中只能看见LDH5带。骨骼肌、心肌和脑组织LDH活力较高,而且从春季到秋季显著降低;肝、肾和肺组织LDH活力较低,肝组织LDH活力春季显著高于夏季和秋季,夏秋两季之间没有明显差异;肾和肺组织LDH活力在春季与夏季之间没有明显差异,但秋季明显降低。心、肝、肺、肾、脑和肌肉组织LDH同工酶谱,在春夏秋三季都显示出五条带,并表现出明显的组织差异;各组织同工酶含量也有不同程度的季节差异。结论:高原鼢鼠体内糖酵解过程具有明显的季节性变化,从春季到秋季依次降低,这与它们的季节性活动特点和洞道中氧气和二氧化碳的季节性波动有关。 相似文献
17.
洪湖野菰及其化学成分分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
野菰(Zizania latifolia)是湖北省洪湖中优势水生维管束植物,其群落占全湖355平方公里面积的127平方公里。茎和叶的年生物量为4379克鲜重/平方米,全湖总年产量121700吨干重,目前未被利用。野菰各器官的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别以百分干重表示:根,7.0和4.76;根状茎,11.3和8.85;茎,9.5和7.15;嫩茎梢,22.4和16.53;叶,16.8和14.61。500克干叶的必需氨基酸含量接近100克干重草鱼幼鱼背肌的必需氨基酸含量。脂肪:叶中3.4~4.2,茎中2.2;粗纤维:叶中26.8~28,茎中24.2;灰分:叶中10.0,茎中5.8。菰茎含可溶性糖类30%以上,其中葡萄糖,果糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖是主要成分。结果表明野菰是一种优质饲料。 相似文献
18.
Chemoattractant-elicited increases in Dictyostelium myosin phosphorylation are due to changes in myosin localization and increases in kinase activity 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
We previously reported (Berlot, C. H., Spudich, J. A., and Devreotes, P. N. (1985) Cell 43, 307-314) that cAMP stimulation of chemotactically competent Dictyostelium amoebae causes transient increases in phosphorylation of the myosin heavy chain and 18,000-dalton light chain in vivo and in vitro. In this report we investigate the mechanisms involved in these changes in phosphorylation. In the case of heavy chain phosphorylation, the amount of substrate available for phosphorylation appears to be the major factor regulating the in vitro phosphorylation rate. Almost all heavy chain kinase activity is insoluble in Triton X-100, and the increase in the heavy chain phosphorylation rate in vitro parallels an increase in Triton insolubility of myosin. Changes in heavy chain phosphatase activity are not involved in the changes in the in vitro phosphorylation rate. In the case of light chain phosphorylation, increases in the vitro phosphorylation rate occur under conditions where the amount of substrate available for phosphorylation is constant and phosphatase activity is undetectable, implicating light chain kinase activation as the means of regulation. The specificity of the myosin kinases operating in vivo and in vitro was explored using phosphoamino acid and chymotryptic phosphopeptide analysis. The light chain is phosphorylated on serine both in vivo and in vitro, and phosphopeptide maps of the light chain phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro are indistinguishable. In the case of the heavy chain, both serine and threonine are phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro, although the cAMP-stimulated increases in phosphorylation occur primarily on threonine. Phosphopeptide maps of the heavy chain show that the peptides phosphorylated in vitro represent a major subset of those phosphorylated in vivo. The kinetics of the transient increases in myosin phosphorylation rates observed in vitro can be predicted quantitatively from the in vivo myosin phosphorylation data assuming that there is a constant phosphatase activity. 相似文献
19.
Natural incidence of interruptions in the internal elastic lamina of caudal and renal arteries of the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M J Osborne-Pellegrin 《Acta anatomica》1985,124(3-4):188-196
Interruptions in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) have been quantified by light microscopy in the caudal arteries of different strains of rats and in caudal and renal arteries of (i) male and female virgin rats up until 2 years of age, (ii) repeatedly bred rats and (ii) hypertensive rats. Results showed that gaps in the IEL exist in caudal arteries of adult males in all strains studied, but to a lesser extent in the hairless mutant. In the virgin Wistar rat these interruptions in the IEL form with age in both caudal and renal arteries, and are more numerous (i) in the male than in the female in both arteries, and (ii) in the caudal than in the renal artery in both sexes. Repeated breeding in the Wistar rat abolishes the sex difference in incidence of IEL gaps in both renal and caudal arteries. The Sprague-Dawley breeder rat is more susceptible than the Wistar breeder to their formation in the renal artery. Hypertension in the male consistently increases the formation of IEL gaps in the renal but not in the caudal artery. The importance of local factors, e.g. hemodynamics, in the formation of these defects in the IEL, and their possible relationship with the development of arteriosclerosis is discussed. 相似文献
20.
不同葡萄品种柱头、花柱发育与种子形成的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对‘京秀’、‘香妃’(二倍体)和‘黑奥林’、‘巨峰’(四倍体)葡萄品种的柱头、花柱发生发育以及花粉管在雌蕊中生长与坐果和果实中种子形成的关系进行了研究。结果显示:‘京秀’、‘香妃’的坐果率和果实中的种子数明显高于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,而‘巨峰’葡萄的坐果率和种子数最低。开花期‘京秀’和‘香妃’的花柱直径略小于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,但花柱中部引导组织的直径和引导组织所占花柱的比例却大于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’;半实心花柱的比例也高于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,说明花柱中引导组织的结构和发育状况可能与坐果和果实中种子形成有关;人工授粉24 h后,在‘京秀’和‘香妃’雌蕊中花粉管的生长速度快于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,授粉后48 h‘京秀’和‘香妃’雌蕊中到达各部位的花粉管数要多于‘黑奥林’和‘巨峰’,授粉后72 h各品种到达子房各部位的花粉管数开始减少。表明‘京秀’和‘香妃’花柱中引导组织较为发达,而且半实心花柱比例也较高,有利于花粉管在雌蕊中的生长和完成授粉受精,使‘京秀’和‘香妃’的坐果率和果实中种子的形成都较高。 相似文献