厚叶景天组织传感器的研究

利用厚叶景天的叶和茎组织作为生物催化材料,分别同二氧化碳气敏电极和氨气敏电极组合,研制了L－精氨酸传感器及,L－赖氨酸传感器。两种传感器的线性范围分别为1.0×10^-4 1.O×10^-3mol/L和8．0×10^-5—3.0×10^-3mol/L．检测下限分别为3．2×10^-5mol／L和2.2×10^-5mol/L,响应斜率分别为42.2mV／dec和41．4mv／dec。考察了两种传感器的回收率．结果表明,L－精氨酸传感器和L－赖氨酸传感器的回收率平均值分别为98．6％和101.6％,标准偏差分别为4.6％和4.0％。     

腺苷敏感组织电极的研究

将一种含丰富腺苷脱氨酶的新鲜猪肝组织切片,通过“三明治夹心”法固定于氨气敏电极上,制成对腺苷具有特异响应的生物催化组织膜电极。电极测定腺苷浓度线性范围为1.4×10^-4—1.0×10^-2mol/L,检出限为5.0×10^-5mol/L。并对介质条件,pH影响,选择性以及动力学响应行为进行研究,电极寿命达一个月以上。电极用于合成样品测定,效果满意。     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌尿素传感器的研究

基于腺酶催化尿素分解产生氨,以氨气敏电极为基础电极,用含脲酶丰富的谷氨酸棒状杆菌研制成测定尿素的微生物传感器.在30℃、pH8.0、0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中,该传感器的线性范围为1.1×10^-4～1.4×10^-2mol/L,斜率为51.2mV/decade,检测下限为1.0×10^-5mol/L,寿命可达45d.考察了传感器响应初速和底物浓度之间的关系,测定了微生物膜中脲酶的表观米氏常数K_m及最大响应初速v_m.     

补肾益气活血方及其单味药对人牙周膜干细胞增殖分化的影响

摘要 目的：探讨自拟补肾益气活血方及其单味药当归、补骨脂对体外培养的人牙周膜干细胞（hPDLSCs）增殖和相关成骨基因表达的影响。方法：分离培养得到hPDLSCs,选取第3代hPDLSCs,细胞增殖试剂盒（CCK-8）检测不同浓度（0 g/mL、1×10^-7 g/mL、1×10^-5 g/mL、1×10^-3 g/mL）补肾益气活血方和当归、补骨脂对hPDLSCs增殖的影响,并确定最佳作用浓度和最佳作用时间;通过定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）检测Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、骨钙蛋白（OCN）相关成骨基因的表达水平,通过茜素红染色观察细胞成骨分化情况。结果：与0 g/mL相比,补肾益气活血方各浓度在第一天和第三天时均能显著促进细胞增殖（P<0.05）,且浓度为1×10^-5 g/mL在第三天、第五天时效果均最为显著（P<0.05）;当归同样在浓度为1×10^-5 g/mL、第三天及第五天时效果均最为显著（P<0.05）;补骨脂则仅在第一天时能显著促进细胞增殖（P<0.05）。与空白对照组比较,1×10^-5 g/mL的补肾益气活血方、当归、补骨脂均能显著提升成骨相关Runx2、OCN、OPN、ALP的表达（P<0.05）,且补肾益气活血方的上调效果最为显著。茜素红染色检测显示,补肾益气活血方可增加矿化结节,促进作用最为显著。结论：补肾益气活血方可促进hPDLSCs的增殖和骨向分化,在治疗慢性牙周炎中有望发挥更大作用。     

微生物传感器测定维生素B12的研究

将大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)215用吸附法固定于醋酸纤维素膜上,与氧电极配合组成微生物电极,建立了对维生紊B₁₂的快速测定系统。测定浓度范围5×10^-6mg—2．5×10^-5mg／ml;测定温度范围在28—39℃;最适Ph为6．7—7．8,测定一个样品所需时间为2h,比常用的生物学测定方法所需时间缩短10倍以上。该系统对维生素B₁₂重复测定的相对误差为±3％。固定化菌体在－25℃保存25天后再进行测定,应答电流不低于初始值的92%。     

二茂铁－交联剂修饰的葡萄糖传感器

用牛血清白蛋白-戊二醛交联剂把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在Nafion-二茂铁修饰电极上,最后在电极上修饰一层Nafion膜,制备成葡萄搪传感器,电活性物质如抗坏血酸、尿酸等对葡萄糖的测定无干扰.该传感器的线性范围为5.0×10^-4-1.3×10^-2mol/L,响应时间小于60s.     

2.5次微分伏安法对生物样品中丙二醛的测定

以0.1mol/L NH₄Cl溶液为介质, 用2.5次微分伏安法测定了丙二醛, 线性范围为1.0×10^-6至1.0×10^-3 mol/L, 检测限达1.0×10^-7 mol/L. 并测定了细胞培养液介质中新生SD大鼠心室肌细胞样品中的丙二醛.     

利用Ph电极流加葡萄糖培养重组大肠杆菌生产人α-肿瘤坏死因子的研究

应用一种新型的pH电极流加葡萄糖方法,用于培养重组大肠杆菌生产人α-肿瘤坏死因子。流加后培养液中菌体OD₆₀₀达到9.0,而α-肿瘤坏死因子的比活保持1.05±0.11×10⁵u/mg。与指数流加方法比较,二者能达到的最大菌体密度相近,而利用pH电极流加葡萄糖更具有设备简单,操作方便的特点。     

用荧光分光光度法测定组织和血液中一氧化氮

利用NO^－₂对4-羟基香豆素的荧光增强效应,建立了生物样本中NO荧光分光度测定法,其检测浓度范围为2×10^-5～2×10^-8 mol/L,采用该方法检测了大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织、细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞培养上清和血清中NO含量.     

悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的实验研究

利用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒(recombinant adenovirus-green fluorescent protein,Ad-GFP),为规模化生产腺病毒基因药物建立一种稳定可行的生产工艺。复苏的种子细胞进行逐级放大最后接入5L搅拌式生物反应器中,采用含5％胎牛血清（FBS）的DMEM/F12培基灌流培养293 N3S细胞,当细胞密度达到(2～4)×10⁶个/mL时感染Ad-GFP,48h后收获细胞,经两步氯化铯超速离心获得纯化的Ad-GFP。采用紫外分光光度计比色法和高压液相色谱法（HPLC）测定病毒颗粒数和纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量（TCID₅₀）法检测腺病毒的感染滴度。连续培养10～12d,细胞密度可达到(2～4)×10⁶6个/mL左右,纯化的Ad-GFP感染滴度和颗粒数分别为1.0×10¹¹IU/mL和1.68×10¹²VP/mL,比活性为6.0%,A₂₆₀A₂₈₀比值为1.33,产品纯度达到99.2%。建立了5L生物反应器悬浮培养293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的生产工艺,对携带其他基因的重组腺病毒药物生产具有一定的指导意义。     

Amperometric third-generation hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on the immobilization of hemoglobin on multiwall carbon nanotubes and gold colloidal nanoparticles

A convenient and effective strategy for preparation nanohybrid film of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and gold colloidal nanoparticles (GNPs) by using proteins as linker is proposed. In such a strategy, hemoglobin (Hb) was selected as model protein to fabricate third-generation H2O2 biosensor based on MWNT and GNPs. Acid-pretreated, negatively charged MWNT was first modified on the surface of glassy carbon (GC) electrode, then, positively charged Hb was adsorbed onto MWNT films by electrostatic interaction. The {Hb/GNPs}n multilayer films were finally assembled onto Hb/MWNT film through layer-by-layer assembly technique. The assembly of Hb and GNPs was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The direct electron transfer of Hb is observed on Hb/GNPs/Hb/MWNT/GC electrode, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2 to construct a third-generation mediator-free H2O2 biosensor. As compared to those H2O2 biosensors only based on carbon nanotubes, the proposed biosensor modified with MWNT and GNPs displays a broader linear range and a lower detection limit for H2O2 determination. The linear range is from 2.1x10(-7) to 3.0x10(-3) M with a detection limit of 8.0x10(-8) M at 3sigma. The Michaelies-Menten constant KMapp value is estimated to be 0.26 mM. Moreover, this biosensor displays rapid response to H2O2 and possesses good stability and reproducibility.     

A new scheme of hybridization based on the Au(nano)-DNA modified glassy carbon electrode

DNA hybridization on the Au(nano)-DNA modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated. The thiol modified probe oligonucleotides (SH-ssDNA) at the 5' phosphate end were assembled on the Au(nano)-DNA modified GCE surface. The electrochemical response of the probe immobilization and hybridization with target DNA was measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using methylene blue (MB) as the electroactive indicator. Gold nanoparticles can be dispersed effectively on the GCE surface in the presence of calf thymus DNA. Au(nano)-DNA modified GCE could greatly increase the active sites and enhance the response signal during immobilization and hybridization. The hybridization amount of target DNA could be greatly increased. The linear detection range of Au(nano)-DNA electrode for the complementary 21-mer oligonucleotide (cDNA) was achieved from 1.52 x 10(-10) to 4.05 x 10(-8) mol L(-1). The detection limit could reach the concentration of 10(-10) mol/L.     

Label-free electrochemical detection of short sequences related to the hepatitis B virus using 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified GCE

A novel label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor based on 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene (4,4'-DAAB) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for short DNA sequences related to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) hybridization detection was presented. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to investigate hybridization event. The decrease in the peak current of 4,4'-DAAB was observed on hybridization of probe with the target. This electrochemical approach was sequence specific as indicated by the control experiments, in which no peak current change was observed when a noncomplementary DNA sequence was used. Numerous factors affecting the target hybridization were optimized to maximize the sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, this sensor showed a good calibration range between 7.94 x 10(-8) M and 1.58 x 10(-6) M, with HBV DNA sequence detection limit of 1.1 x 10(-8) M.     

Development of DNA electrochemical biosensor based on covalent immobilization of probe DNA by direct coupling of sol-gel and self-assembly technologies

A new procedure for fabricating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) electrochemical biosensor was developed based on covalent immobilization of target single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on Au electrode that had been functionalized by direct coupling of sol-gel and self-assembled technologies. Two siloxanes, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysiloxane (MPTMS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane (GPTMS) were used as precursors to prepare functionally self-assembly sol-gel film on Au electrode. The thiol group of MPTMS allowed assembly of MPTMS sol-gel on gold electrode surface. Through co-condensation between silanols, GPTMS sol-gel with epoxide groups interconnected into MPTMS sol-gel and enabled covalent immobilization of target NH(2)-ssDNA through epoxide/amine coupling reaction. The concentration of MPTMS and GPTMS influenced the performance of the resulting biosensor due to competitive sol-gel process. The linear range of the developed biosensor for determination of complementary ssDNA was from 2.51 x 10(-9) to 5.02 x 10(-7)M with a detection limit of 8.57 x 10(-10)M. The fabricated biosensor possessed good selectivity and could be regenerated. The covalent immobilization of target ssDNA on self-assembled sol-gel matrix could serve as a versatile platform for DNA immobilization and fabrication of biosensors.     

黄曲霉毒素解毒酶的固定化及其性质的研究

黄曲霉毒素是农作物常见的受污染的霉菌毒素,毒性大,稳定性高,是潜在的肝癌致癌物,对人的危害较大。该毒素的解毒与去毒一直是受到关注的问题。黄曲霉毒素解毒酶对黄曲霉毒素有特殊的去毒和降解作用,但是该酶的稳定性离解决实际问题尚有一段距离。报道了对黄曲霉毒素解毒酶的固定化,并对固定化处理后酶的稳定性、性质、催化活性、解毒活性进行了测定。结果表明,通过固定化操作酶的解毒活性被保留下来,酶的酸碱稳定性、热稳定性、放置稳定性等均得到显著的提高。     

Electrochemical detection of viable bacteria in urine and antibiotic selection.

An electrode system consisting of a basal-plane pyrolytic graphite (BPG) electrode and a porous nitrocellulose membrane filter to trap bacteria was used for the detection of bacteria in urine. The peak current of a cyclic voltammogram increased with increasing initial cell concentration of Escherichia coli in urine. Urine containing from 5 x 10(2) to 5 x 10(5) cells ml-1 was measured with this system. The susceptibility of bacteria to various antibiotics was also determined from the peak current. The minimum inhibitory concentration values obtained by the electrochemical method were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional method.     

Self-assembled monolayer for low density lipoprotein detection

Heparin (HEP) has been covalently immobilized onto 4-aminothiophenol (ATP) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposited onto gold (Au)-coated glass plate for low density lipoprotein (LDL) detection. The HEP/ATP/Au and LDL/HEP/ATP/Au electrodes have been characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements reveal that HEP/ATP/Au electrode is sensitive to detection of the LDL in the range 0.03 microM (10 mg/dl)-0.39 microM (130 mg/dl). The values of association and dissociation rate constants in the association phase calculated by kinetic analysis have been found to be k(a) = 9.67 x 10(1) M(-1) s(-1) and k(d) = 2.64 x 10(-4) s(-1).     

Biosynthetic origin of aflatoxin G1: confirmation of sterigmatocystin and lack of confirmation of aflatoxin B1 as precursors

The origin of aflatoxin G1 was studied using mutant strains of Aspergillus parasiticus blocked early in the pathway and by tracing 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in wild-type A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains. Sterigmatocystin (ST) was a precursor of AFB1, AFG1 and AFG2 in the four mutants examined. The identity of AFG1 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. No evidence for conversion of AFB1 to AFG1 was found. A rigorously controlled study of conversions of radioactivity based on preparative thin-layer chromatography of aflatoxins demonstrated that low levels of aflatoxin interconversions previously reported in the literature might actually be artifacts.     

Electrochemical study of the interaction between cytochrome c and DNA at a modified gold electrode

The direct electron transfer of surface-confined horse heart cytochrome c (Cyt c) was achieved using COOH-terminated alkanethiolate-modified gold electrode. Later DNA was immobilized on the two-layer modified electrode. The quantitative determination of DNA was explored and the interaction between cytochrome c and DNA was studied. The binding site sizes were determined to be 15 bp per Cyt c molecule with double-stranded (ds) DNA and 30 nucleotides binding one Cyt c molecule with single-stranded (ss) DNA. At the dsDNA/Cyt c/MUA/Au electrode, the rate constant of oxidation electron transfer k(s,ox)=1.59x10(-3)cms-1 was obtained, at the ssDNA/Cyt c/MUA/Au electrode, the value was 2.43x10(-3)ms-1 when the scan rate was 1.0V/s. The different electrodes were characterized with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscope.     

Electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of interaction between di[azino-di(5,6-azafluorene)-kappa2-NN'] dibromicoppers and DNA

A new Cu(II) complex CuL(2)Br(2) (L = azino-di(5,6-azafluorene)-kappa(2)-NN') was synthesized, and a new method of electrochemical probe has been proposed for the determination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) based on its interaction with [CuL(2)](2+). This ligand, containing functional groups, as well as planar aromatic domains, is capable of binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) more efficiently than to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Emphasis has been placed on the elucidation of the nature of the interaction by electrochemical techniques. The electroactive [CuL(2)](2+) could be employed as an electrochemical indicator to detect hybridization events in DNA biosensors. These biosensors have been constructed by immobilization of a probe DNA sequence from HBV onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE). After hybridization with the complementary target sequence, [CuL(2)](2+) was accumulated within the dsDNA layer. Electrochemical detection was performed by differential pulse voltammetry over the potential range. Using this approach, complementary target sequences of HBV can be quantified over the range of 1.74 x 10(-9) to 3.45 x 10(-7) M, with a detection limit of 8.32 x 10(-10) M and a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9936.In addition, this approach is capable of detecting hybridization of complementary sequences containing one or three mismatched bases.