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高温放线菌科最新研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高温放线菌科(Thermoactinomycetaceae)是一个古老而又年轻的微生物类群。目前其分类地位为:细菌域(Domain Bacteria),厚壁菌门(Phylum Firmicutes),芽孢杆菌纲(Class Bacilli),芽孢杆菌目(Order Bacillales),高温放线菌科。经过一个多世纪,尤其是近十年广泛而深入地研究,该类群已拓展到14个属25个种。这些资源广泛分布在陆生性热泉、高温大曲、堆肥、稻草、甘蔗渣等高温场所,同时在海洋沉积物和临床来源也有发现,该类群微生物有抗性的内生孢子可在土壤、水或海洋基质中存活。高温放线菌科具有较大的药物开发和工业应用潜力,因此得到学者的广泛关注。本文综述了高温放线菌科的分类学研究进展与生态多样性,并介绍了其在药物开发和工业生产中的应用潜力。 相似文献
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从国内外收集部分放线菌的典型菌种,研究它们6种同功酶的凝胶电泳图谱。并进行了聚类分析。与现有分类方法比较,讨论了同功酶谱应用于放线菌分类的可能性及相关的问题,认为同功酶电泳图谱可以作为分类方法之一在放线菌分类中应用。 相似文献
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《放线菌分类基础》(阮继生编著,科学出版社,1977年)一书出版后,经各地放线菌分类工作者以及各大专院校有关专业师生阅读后,发现许多问题,笔者对该书所存在的主要问题提出不同的看法,供读者参考。(一) 放线菌分类观点的问题1.关于放线菌的亲缘关系:作者在该书16、17和79页中都论述了放线菌的亲缘关系,认为游动放线菌 相似文献
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我国放线菌系统学研究历史、现状及未来发展趋势 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4
放线菌系统学是以实现对放线菌进行分类、鉴定、命名为目标的基础学科, 因此它是放线菌资源研究和开发利用的重要理论基础。自20世纪50年代起, 我国放线菌系统学的奠基人阎逊初院士及同事们就开创了我国放线菌系统学的研究, 经过近六十年、几代人的艰苦努力, 我国放线菌系统学工作者在国际微生物系统学权威杂志(International Journal of Systematics and Evolutionary of Microbiology, IJSEM)发表的有关放线菌新分类单元的论文数量连续十年排名稳居前列, 部分学者在国际上发表的某些改良的分类技术和新修订的分类系统等为国际同行所广泛采用, 这些均标志着我国放线菌系统学研究在国际上已成为微生物系统学界的一支重要力量。本文全面介绍了我国放线菌系统学研究的发展历程, 同时对其发展现状给予理性分析, 并就未来发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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放线菌是目前细菌域最大的谱系之一,门下物种繁多。放线菌作为人类生产和生活极为密切的微生物类群,其强大的代谢产物编码能力为人们所共识。放线菌系统学是以实现对放线菌进行分类、鉴定、命名为目标的基础学科,因此它是放线菌资源研究和开发利用的重要理论基础。近期,我们放线菌资源与利用团队对2009年版放线菌分类系统再次进行了更新和修订,并被国际权威分类学期刊IJSEM杂志接受发表,进一步巩固了我国在本领域的国际领先地位。重点对放线菌的概念演变、分类地位变迁,以及放线菌系统学研究的最新进展做全面概述,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望,以供国内从事本领域研究的同行参考。 相似文献
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Use of Epifluorescence Microscopy in Studies of the Germination and Recovery of Thermoactinomycetes
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Spore germination and growth of thermoactinomycetes were observed by epifluorescence microscopy. Each of the principal stages in germination was recognized and found to correspond to changes in phase-contrast appearance commonly monitored during endospore germination. The effects of novobiocin and nalidixic acid on germination of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were studied by using epifluorescence microscopy. Outgrowth but not initiation was inhibited by 100 μg of nalidixic acid per ml and 50 μg of novobiocin per ml. When each of the compounds, at various concentrations, was incorporated into a medium for thermoactinomycete recovery, the antibiotics were found to inhibit colony development. Samples of water and sediment incubated in a growth medium containing novobiocin and selective for thermoactinomycete species were examined by epifluorescence microscopy for total numbers of outgrown spores. Direct viable counts of outgrown spores indicated that the standard plate count enumerated less than 10% of the viable population of thermoactinomycetes. 相似文献
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Suihko ML Kroppenstedt RM Stackebrandt E 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(3):183-191
The aim of this study was to characterize the actinobacterial population present in pulps and boards containing recycled fibres.
A total of 107 isolates was identified on the basis of their pigmentation, morphological properties, fatty acid profiles and
growth temperature. Of the wet pulp and water sample isolates (n=87), 74.7% belonged to the genus Streptomyces, 17.2% to Nocardiopsis and 8.0% to thermoactinomycetes, whereas all the board sample isolates (n=20) were thermoactinomycetes. The identification of 53 isolates was continued by molecular methods. Partial 16S rDNA sequencing
and automated ribotyping divided the Streptomyces isolates (n=31) into 14 different taxa. The most common streptomycetes were the mesophilic S. albidoflavus and moderately thermophilic S. thermocarboxydus. The Nocardiopsis isolates (n=11) belonged to six different taxa, whereas the thermoactinomycetes were mainly members of the species Laceyella sacchari (formerly Thermoactinomyces sacchari). The results indicated the probable presence of one or more new species within each of these genera. Obviously, the drying
stage used in the board making processes had eliminated all members of the species Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis present in the wet recycled fibre pulp samples. Only the thermotolerant endospores of L. sacchari were still present in the final products. The potential of automated ribotyping for identifying actinobacteria was indicated,
as soon as comprehensive identification libraries became available. 相似文献
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Abelian VA Balaian AM Manukian LS Afian KB Meliksetian VS Andreasian NA Markocian AA 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2002,38(6):616-624
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases; EC 2.4.1.19) from newly isolated mesophilic, thermophilic, alkalophilic, and halophilic bacilli, as well as from thermoactinomycetes, have been purified to homogeneity, and some of their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics (cyclizing, disproportionating, and hydrolytic activities) have been studied. Cyclodextrin (CD) production in the presence and absence of compounds favoring formation of complexes had certain specific features. We were able to demonstrate that CG-Tases of mesophilic and thermophilic strains form mixtures of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CDs, whereas the enzymes from halophilic and alkalophilic microorganisms preferentially catalyze the formation of beta-CDs. 相似文献
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Characteristics of Cyclodextrin Production Using Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferases from Various Groups of Microorganisms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abelyan V. A. Balayan A. M. Manukyan L. S. Afyan K. B. Meliksetyan V. S. Andreasyan N. A. Markosyan A. A. 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2002,38(6):527-535
Cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases; EC 2.4.1.19) from newly isolated mesophilic, thermophilic, alkalophilic, and halophilic bacilli, as well as from thermoactinomycetes, were purified to homogeneity, and some of their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics (cyclizing, disproportionating, and hydrolytic activities) were studied. Cyclodextrin (CD) production in the presence and absence of compounds favoring formation of complexes had certain specific features. We were able to demonstrate that CGTases of mesophilic and thermophilic strains form mixtures of -, -, and -CDs, whereas the enzymes from halophilic and alkalophilic microorganisms preferentially catalyze the formation of -CD. 相似文献
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不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明:山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63.58%,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近:果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。 相似文献
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崇左金花茶花朵和叶片类黄酮UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以崇左金花茶(Camellia chuangtsoensis)为材料,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术定性定量分析其花朵(花瓣、雄蕊)和叶片(老叶、新叶)中类黄酮成分与含量。结果表明,崇左金花茶中共检测到14种类黄酮成分,木犀草素、木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷为山茶属金花茶组植物中首次发现,其中槲皮素-3,7-O-二葡萄糖苷、芸香柚皮苷、圣草素和染料木苷主要存在于花朵中,木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷和山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷为金花茶组植物叶片中首次发现,其叶片中含量远低于花朵,老叶中远低于新叶,雄蕊中远低于花瓣;儿茶素和表儿茶素在花朵中含量高于叶片,雄蕊中高于花瓣;槲皮素和山萘酚在花朵和叶片中含量均较低。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中含量较高的类黄酮为儿茶素类、木犀草素类和槲皮素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷;叶片中为儿茶素类和木犀草素类,主要是表儿茶素、木犀草素和木犀草素-7-O-芸香糖苷。崇左金花茶花瓣和雄蕊中儿茶素类、木犀草素类及类黄酮总量均高于叶片,且雄蕊高于花瓣;花瓣和雄蕊中槲皮素类远高于叶片,且花瓣中远高于雄蕊。 相似文献
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水稻胚囊发育过程中微管的变化 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)胚囊发育过程中微管变化的研究表明,微管在胚囊发育的不同阶段变化多样。在大孢子母细胞阶段微管分布主要呈辐射状,部分纵向排列。二分体和功能大孢子具类似的微管分布,而在单核胚囊微管主要是随机分布,部分呈辐射状。两核和四核胚囊的微管组成和分布非常相似,主要分布于细胞核周围。而八核胚囊的微管分布较为复杂,胚囊中的细胞做管分布各异,在卵细胞中呈随机分布,在助细胞中大多数呈纵向分布,而在中央细胞中呈横向分布,微管在反足细胞中非常分散,细胞质中有少量纵向排列的微管。 相似文献
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为探讨海藻酸钠-聚左赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)微囊化新生大鼠卵巢组织用于治疗实验性卵巢功能丧失大鼠的可行性,应用高压静电法,用海藻酸钠-聚左赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)生物膜包裹新生大鼠卵巢组织,体外培养微囊,用免疫化学分析法检测雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)分泌情况,透射电镜观察卵巢组织形态,并将微囊移植到去势大鼠(切除双侧卵巢的雌性大鼠)腹腔中,检测大鼠血清中雌、孕激素变化情况,同时用阴道涂片观察大鼠动情周期恢复情况,并在不同时间回收观察微囊。结果显示在相同条件下制得的微囊粒径均匀、表面光滑;体外培养条件下持续分泌E2、P;卵巢组织中颗粒细胞发育成为粒性黄体细胞;大鼠腹腔移植微囊后无异常,E2、P水平上升,动情周期未恢复;回收的微囊大部分形态完整。提示用高压静电法制备的APA微囊化新生大鼠卵巢组织能持续稳定释放E2、P,明显改善大鼠卵巢功能,在大鼠体内有良好的生物相容性。 相似文献