PCR技术检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B基因

目的:金黄色葡萄球菌B型肠毒素是污染食品引起食物中毒的主要原因之一,针对进出口食品卫生监测的需要,研究一种简便、快速、准确的实验方法.方法:利用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)采用特异的模板探针引物进行杂交,最后通过电泳技术与阳性对照进行比对,来判断阴阳性结果.结果:本方法检出率高,每克样品中有4个金黄色葡萄球菌即可检出,24小时即可报告结果.结论:PCR方法检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B基因快速、准确,检测周期短,既可提高检出率,又可节省检测时间.     

安徽不同地区奶站牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素污染状况评估

目的评定安徽地区各奶站牛奶中金黄色葡萄球菌以及肠毒素的污染情况。方法通过从安徽省不同地区30所奶站采集乳样,进行乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌的分离与生化鉴定,并采用PCR技术对分离出的菌株进行金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素血清型鉴定。结果安徽省30个奶站中有4个地区奶站的牛奶中污染金黄色葡萄球菌;从污染牛奶中共分离出5株金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率为16.7%。经鉴定,所分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌中2株为肠毒素A型,1株为肠毒素C型,2株为同时产肠毒素A和肠毒素C。结论安徽省不同地区奶站中的牛奶污染的金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素类型以肠毒素A为主。     

实时荧光聚合酶链反应检测呼吸道感染鲍曼不动杆菌TEM-1基因

目的 建立一种快速、准确、特异、定时检测鲍曼不动杆菌TEM-1型β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的方法.方法 选择TEM-1型β-内酰胺酶耐药基因作为靶序列,设计合成引物和探针;收集呼吸道感染患者痰标本培养的鲍曼不动杆菌279株,并对其进行检测分析.结果 采用荧光聚合酶链反应检测鳗曼不动杆菌TEM-1耐药基因灵敏度为102拷贝,279株鲍曼不动杆菌中检出47株携带TEM-1基因,检出率为16.8%.结论 应用Taqman探针荧光聚合酶链反应能够快速、准确检测鲍曼不动杆菌TEM-1型β-内酰胺酶耐药基因.     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素的检测和耐药性分析

目的评价乳胶结合试验检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)及其肠毒素(SE),并进行耐药性分析.方法收集130株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株,通过药敏试验将其分为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA),用反向间接血凝试验(RPHA)检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素.结果67株MR-SA产肠毒素,19株MSSA产肠毒素,MRSA产肠毒素率为100%,MSSA产肠毒素率为30%.结论实验室应重视金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的检测.     

奶牛源MRSA肠毒素基因、耐药基因及分子分型分析

为了解宁夏地区奶牛源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的肠毒素基因和耐药基因分布及其分子流行病学特征,本研究通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术对前期分离于宁夏地区的9株奶牛源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)进行了18种肠毒素基因和16种耐药基因的检测,同时采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE)、正向重复序列(direct-repeat unit, dru)和辅助基因调节因子(accessory gene regulator, agr)分子分型技术对MRSA菌株进行分型研究。结果显示所有MRSA菌株均携带经典型肠毒素基因和新型肠毒素基因,共检出12种肠毒素基因,其中selk基因的检出率最高,达到了100%,未检出see、selj、selo、selp、ser和selu基因;11种耐药基因被检出,其中norA、gyrA、grlA和blaZ 4种基因的检出率均达到了100%,未检出tet (O)、optrA、Lin (A)、fexA和cfr基因。PFGE分型结果显示受试菌株间亲缘关系较近;dru分型检出dt11v和dt10a两种型,其中以dt11v(77.8%, 7/9)为主;agr分型主要为agr-Ⅰ型(88.9%, 8/9),agr-Ⅱ型仅有1株。研究表明宁夏地区奶牛源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)中的肠毒素基因和耐药基因分布广泛,菌株间亲缘关系较近,agr-Ⅰ-dt11v为MRSA菌株中的流行基因型。这为以后宁夏地区奶牛源MRSA的产毒性、耐药性和分子流行病学特征的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

32株金黄色葡萄球菌分子分型及肠毒素分析

目的对辽宁省内2016-2018年分离出的食源性金黄色葡萄球菌采用脉冲场电泳(PFGE)和肠毒素分型进行分析,为今后公共卫生等领域提供技术保障。方法将32株金黄色葡萄球菌用限制性内切酶SmaI酶切以进行PFGE分析,并用BioNumerics(7.6版本)软件对分离株的指纹图谱进行聚类分析;用PCR方法对菌株进行肠毒素检测。结果 32株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌的PFGE图谱的相似性系数在26.8%~100.0%,经聚类分析得到31个PFGE型别。每株菌均携带1~3种毒力基因,其中每年携带SEH基因最多。结论金黄色葡萄球菌均可以用PFGE和PCR进行分型,都具有较好的分型能力,辨识度高,对菌株有很好的溯源性。     

耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌MRSA252辅酶A二硫化物还原酶缺失延缓苯唑西林的次级损伤效应

【目的】耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在苯唑西林作用下,其辅酶A二硫化物还原酶表达上调2.3倍。本文研究苯唑西林对该酶缺失的金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌效应。【方法】利用同源重组双交换技术对金黄色葡萄球菌进行基因敲除,并用质粒p OS1构建回补株;采用分光光度法检测菌株体外增殖能力;以时间-杀菌法考察苯唑西林对菌株杀菌效应;以2’,7’-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐为探针检测胞内活性氧水平。【结果】辅酶A二硫化物还原酶基因敲除株较亲株生长缓慢(P0.05);20倍MIC浓度苯唑西林下敲除株的时间-杀菌曲线及胞内活性氧水平与亲株无显著性差异,5倍MIC浓度下敲除株的致死速率及胞内活性氧水平均较亲株下降。【结论】在较低浓度苯唑西林作用下,辅酶A二硫化物还原酶基因缺失降低胞内活性氧水平,减小杀菌速率,延缓次级损伤效应。     

以agr基因为靶点快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌方法的建立

旨在建立一种以agr基因为靶点,快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌的环介导等温扩增（LAMP)方法。针对金黄色葡萄球菌附属基因调控基因agr序列,设计了4条特异性引物;优化了LAMP体系中甜菜碱、dNTP浓度、长短引物比等因素;通过对14株不同金黄色葡萄球菌菌株和4株其他常见食品致病菌株进行检测,评估引物特异性。结果表明,在Mg²⁺浓度为2.4 mmol/L,dNTP浓度为0.8 mmol/L,甜菜碱浓度为0.1 mol/L,长短引物比为1:8,65 ℃反应50 min条件下扩增可达最佳效果。优化后的LAMP对14株金黄色葡萄球菌均表现为阳性,对4株非金黄色葡萄球菌菌株表现为阴性,证明引物具有特异性。本文首次利用agr基因作为靶基因片段,建立了一个简单、快速、特异性强的检测金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,在食品安全检测方面极具意义。     

金黄色葡萄球菌反向线性杂交探针检测方法的建立

目的建立一种检测金黄色葡萄球菌的简单、快速、灵敏、准确的方法。方法根据金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶nuc基因,设计一对通用引物及两条特异性探针,用生物素标记通用引物的5＇端,将两条特异性探针固定于硝酸纤维膜上,使PCR产物与探针杂交。结果建立的反向线性杂交探针方法,其检测限为2 ng/μL,检测特异性和准确性均为100%。结论建立的反向线性杂交检测方法具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测。     

金黄色葡萄球菌所致肺部感染的耐药特点及其Panton—Valentine杀白细胞素基因的携带状况分析

目的分析金黄色葡萄球菌所致肺部感染的耐药性特点及其Panton—Valentine杀白细胞素基因的携带状况。方法回顾性调查了温州医学院第一附属医院2005年1月至2006年1月医院感染的金黄色葡萄球菌所致肺部感染患者132例,对其体外药敏试验进行分析;并利用多重PCR检测其PVL基因,应用多位点基因序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）技术对PVL基因阳性的菌株进行序列分型。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）的SCCmec基因分型采用多重聚合酶链反应。结果致肺部感染的132株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药现象较为严重,仅对万古霉素、呋喃妥因及复方新诺明等药物的敏感率较高;其中经多重PCR筛选出10株携带PVL基因的金葡菌,全部为MRSA菌株,3株为ST239-SCCⅢ,2株为ST398-SCCmecⅢ,2株为ST398-SCCmecⅣ,ST25-SCCmecⅢ、ST59-SCCmecⅠ和ST88-SCCmecⅢ各1株。结论肺部感染的金黄色葡萄球菌对多种抗生素耐药,呈多重耐药性;其携带PVL基因占一定比例。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.