Paracoccus beibuensis sp. nov., Isolated from the South China Sea

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped or spherical bacterial strain that accumulates poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules was isolated from the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea. Cells have no polar or subpolar flagella, dividing by binary fission. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a monophyletic branch at the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Paracoccus, family Rhodobacteraceae, order Rhodobacterales, class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbours were Paracoccus aestuarii strain B7(T) (97.2% similarity), Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588(T) (97.1% similarity) and Paracoccus homiensis DD-R11(T) (96.8%). The predominant fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c (82.1%), and significant amounts of C(18:0) (5.6%), C(10:0) 3-OH (2.3%) and C(16:0) (1.5%) were present. The predominant respiratory ubiquinone of strain JLT1284(T) was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content of strain JLT1284(T) was 67.0 mol%. The isolate was also distinguishable from members of the genus Paracoccus on the basis of phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. It is evident from the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, therefore, that strain JLT1284(T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus beibuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT1284(T)=LMG 24871(T)=CGMCC 1.7295(T)).     

Vadicella arenosi gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Class Alphaproteobacteria Isolated from Sandy Sediments from the Sea of Japan Seashore

A taxonomic study of three aerobic, Gram-negative, non-pigmented, non-motile rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated KMM 9008, KMM 9017, and KMM 9024(T), which were isolated from a sandy sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore, was undertaken. The DNA-DNA hybridization values of 88-96% obtained between novel strains confirm their assignment to the same species. An analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel isolates were closely related to each other (99.6-100% sequence similarity) and shared highest sequence similarities to the described genera Celeribacter (96.2-95.9%), Pseudoruegeria (95.6-94.3%), and Thalassobacter (95.2-93.1%) within the class Alphaproteobacteria. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10, polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, an unknown aminolipid and an unknown lipid as prevalent, and phosphatidylethanolamine was a minor component, and major fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c , followed by 11-Methyl C(18:1) ω7c, C(12:1) and C(10:0) 3-OH in all strains. The DNA G+C content of strains KMM 9008, KMM 9017, and KMM 9024(T) was in the range of 56.7-60 mol%. Based on distinctive phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distance, strain KMM 9024(T) (=NRIC 0787(T) = JCM 17190(T)) represents the type strain of a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Vadicella arenosi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.     

Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Family Sphingomonadaceae Isolated from the Southeastern Pacific

Strain JLT2015^T was isolated from surface seawater of the Southeastern Pacific. The strain was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, and rod shaped. The dominant fatty acids were C_18:1ω7c, C_16:0, and C_16:1ω7c. The major respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10, and the predominant polyamine pattern was spermidine. The components of the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64.2 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed strain JLT2015^T belonged to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae, exhibiting 94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans. On the basis of the taxonomic data presented, together with phylogenetic and genetic characteristics, strain JLT2015^T is considered to represent a novel genus, for which the name Pacificamonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pacificamonas flava is JLT2015^T (=LMG27364^T = CGMCC1.12401^T).     

Seohaeicola westpacificensis sp. nov., A Novel Member of Genera Seohaeicola Isolated from Deep West Pacific Sea Water

Strain JL2247^T, an aerobic, Gram-negative, gliding motile bacterium, was isolated from the western Pacific at the depth of 2,000 m. The cell was spindle-shaped with two narrow poles, and flagella were not observed. The colony was circular, translucent, and milky. This strain showed catalase-positive and oxidase-negative reactions. Its optimal growth conditions were at 32 °C, pH 7.3, and 3 % NaCl. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (18:1 w7c and/or 18:1 w6c) and Cyclo C_19:0 ω8c and the major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content of strain JL2247^T was 72.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JL2247^T fell into the genus Seohaeicola, family Rhodobacteraceae, order Rhodobacterales, class Alphaproteobacteria, sharing the highest similarity with the only species Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T (96.4 % similarity). From the phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain JL2247^T represents a novel species of the genus Seohaeicola and the name is proposed as Seohaeicola westpacificensis sp. nov. The type strain is JL2247^T (=CGMCC 1.12198^T = JCM18883).     

Bacillus abyssalis sp. nov., isolated from a sediment of the South China Sea

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated SCSIO 15042^T, was isolated from a sediment of the South China Sea and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew at 20–60 °C, pH 6.0–10.0 and it could grow with up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall diamino acid was found to be meso-diaminopimelic acid. Polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown polar lipid. The only menaquinone was determined to be MK-7. The major fatty acids were identified as C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c, C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0, and iso-C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of strain SCSIO 15042^T was determined to be 43.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain SCSIO 15042^T to the genus Bacillus. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain SCSIO 15042^T and Bacillus herbersteinensis D-1-5a^T, Bacillus infantis SMC 4352-1^T, Bacillus novalis LMG 21837^T and Bacillus drentensis LMG 21831^T were 96.2, 96.2, 96.1 and 96.1 %, respectively. Based on the evidence of the present polyphasic study, strain SCSIO 15042^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus abyssalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 15042^T (=DSM 25875^T = CCTCC AB 2012074^T = NBRC 109102^T).     

Gracilibacillus marinus sp. nov., isolated from the northern South China Sea

Two gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, designated HB09003^T and HB12160, were isolated from seawater and sediment in the northern South China Sea, respectively. Cells were found to be motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The strains were found to grow with 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl, at 10–45 °C and pH 5.0–10.7, with an optimum of 3 % NaCl, 28 °C and pH 8.5, respectively. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain HB09003^T, selected as the representative strain, was identified as MK-7. This strain was found to possess anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. The G+C contents of strain HB09003^T and HB12160 were determined to be 34.1 and 34.3 mol%, respectively. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains showed an affiliation with the genus Gracilibacillus, with Gracilibacillus kekensis CGMCC 1.10681^T (similarity of 97.4, 98.0 %, respectively) and Gracilibacillus ureilyticus CGMCC 1.7727^T (similarity of 97.1, 97.8 %, respectively) as their closest relatives. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain HB09003^T and the two type strains were 42.2 and 54.1 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain HB09003^T and HB12160 are proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB09003^T (=CGMCC 1.10343^T = DSM 23372^T).     

Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov., A Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from the Benthic Sediment of South China Sea

An aerobic, Gram-staining negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, SS011A0-7#2-2^T, was isolated from the sediment of South China Sea with the depth of 1,500 m. Optimum growth occurred at pH 8.0, 30 °C, and 6 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a or carotenoid, neither possess photosynthesis genes. Its genome DNA G+C content was 67.9 mol%. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_18:1 ω7c (52.3 %) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid, and unidentified aminolipid. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it was closely related to Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS 107^T and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2^T in Rhodobacteraceae, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 96.5, 95.7, and 95.6 %, respectively. However, the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was a member of the genus Seohaeicola. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T was moderately halophilic which was different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, and it showed the enzyme activities and carbon source spectrum significantly different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T. As its physiological and chemotaxinomic properties were different from those of Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T, strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Seohaecola. The name Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SS011A0-7#2-2^T (=LMG 27733^T = CGMCC 1.12759^T) as the type strain.     

Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp.nov., A Marine Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from the East China Sea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming aerobic bacterium, motile with a single polar flagellum, strain JLT2005^T, was isolated from surface seawater collected from the East China Sea and formed ivory white colonies on a rich organic medium. The strain was positive for catalase, oxidase, and urease. It grew in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 5 %), at 20–35 °C (optimum 25 °C), or at pH 6–10 (optimum pH 9). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C_18:1ω7c, C_19:0ω8c cyclo, C_16:0, and C_18:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and five unidentified glycolipids. Ubiquinone-10 and Ubiquinone-11 were present as the major quinones. The DNA G+C content was 74.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JLT2005^T belongs to the genus Pelagibacterium in the family Hyphomicrobiaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbors were Pelagibacterium halotolerans B2^T (98.7 % similarity) and Pelagibacterium luteolum 1_C16_27^T (97.1 % similarity). DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain JLT2005^T with P. halotolerans B2^T and with P. luteolum 1_C16_27^T were 31.6 and 25 %. Evidence from genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data shows that strain JLT2005^T represents a novel species of the genus Pelagibacterium, for which the name Pelagibacterium nitratireducens sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is JLT2005^T (=CGMCC 1.10829^T =JCM 17767^T).     

Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from an oyster in South China Sea

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JSM 099021^T, was isolated from an oyster collected from Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. Growth occurred with 0?C15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2?C4%) and at pH 6.0?C10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 10?C45°C (optimum 30?C35°C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 39.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 099021^T belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus halmapalus (sequence similarity 99.0%), Bacillus horikoshii (98.4%) and Bacillus cohnii (98.0%). The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA?CDNA hybridization, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the proposal that strain JSM 099021^T represents a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain was JSM 099021^T (=DSM 23010^T = KCTC 13713^T).     

Euryhalocaulis caribicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Members of the Family Hyphomonadaceae Isolated from the Caribbean Sea

A new aerobic, Gram-negative, chemo-organotrophic, euryhaline bacterium, designated strain JL2009^T, was isolated from surface water of the Caribbean Sea. The strain formed flaxen colonies on marine ager 2216 (MA; Difco) medium. Cells were dimorphic, with stalks or a polar flagellum, and reproduction occurred by means of binary fission. Growth occurred at 15–45 °C (optimum at 35 °C), 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 1–10 %) and pH 5–9 (optimum at pH 7–8). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Hyphomonadaceae. Strain JL2009^T was most closely related to Maricaulis parjimensis MCS 25^T (92.2 % DNA sequence similarity), Woodsholea maritime CM2243^T (90.9 %), and Oceanicaulis alexandrii C116-18^T (90.9 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C_18:1 ω7c), C_18:0 and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of phospholipid, phosphatidyl glycerol and glycolipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 70.5 mol%. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics and the phylogenetic evidence, strain JL2009^T represents a novel genus and species in the family Hyphomonadaceae, for which the name Euryhalocaulis caribicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Euryhalocaulis caribicus is JL2009^T (=CGMCC 1.12036^T = JCM 18163^T).     

Halomonas nanhaiensis sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, slightly halophilic, yellow-pigmented, oxidase-negative, Voges–Proskauer positive, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated YIM M 13059^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 310 m. Optimal growth was found to occur at 28–30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 3–4 % (w/v) NaCl. Cells were observed to be rod-shaped and motile by peritrichous flagella. The polar lipids of strain YIM M 13059^T were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a ninhydrin-positive phospholipid, one glycolipid and two unknown phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone was determined to be Q-9. The major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c, C_16:0 and C_12:0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 54.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Halomonas in the family Halomonadaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain YIM M 13059 ^T and the type strains of members of the genus Halomonas were in the range 93.3–98.3 %. However, the levels of DNA–DNA relatedness values between YIM M 13059 and the type strains of the most closely related species, Halomonas zhangjiangensis, Halomonas variabilis, Halomonas neptunia, Halomonas boliviensis and Halomonas sulfadieris were 50.2 ± 0.68 %, 46.8 ± 1.9 %, 28.5 ± 0.74 %, 42.9 ± 0.55 % and 37.1 ± 0.68 %, respectively. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, the strain YIM M 13059^T is proposed to represent a novel member of the genus Halomonas, with the name Halomonas nanhaiensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM M 13059^T (=JCM 18142^T =CCTCC AB 2012911^T).     

Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. nov., isolated from South China

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated and designated as strain GIESS003^T. The strain grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5, and with 3.0–3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain GIESS003^T was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus contaminans (96.5 % similarity). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_15:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. Strain GIESS003^T contained a peptidoglycan of type A4β l-Orn-d-Asp. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 40.1 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, a new species of the genus Ornithinibacillus, Ornithinibacillus heyuanensis sp. nov., is proposed, with strain GIESS003^T (=KCTC 33159^T=CCTCC 2013106^T) as the type strain.     

Rothia marina sp. nov., isolated from an intertidal sediment of the South China Sea

A novel non-sporulating, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus, designated strain JSM 078151^T, was isolated from an intertidal sediment sample collected from Naozhou Island in the South China Sea, China. Growth was found to occur in the presence of 0–15 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5–3 % (w/v) NaCl), at pH 6.5–10.5 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0) and at 5–35 °C (optimum 25–30 °C). The peptidoglycan type was determined to be A3a, containing lysine, glutamic acid and alanine. The major cellular fatty acid identified was anteiso-C_15:0 and the predominant menaquinones are MK-7 and MK-8. The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JSM 078151^T was determined to be 55.2 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain JSM 078151^T should be assigned to the genus Rothia, and was most closely related to Rothia nasimurium CCUG 35957^T (98.3 % sequence similarity), followed by Rothia amarae J18^T (97.5 %) and Rothia terrae L-143^T (97.3 %). A combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness values, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supports the suggestion that strain JSM 078151^T represents a novel species of the genus Rothia, for which the name Rothia marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 078151^T (= DSM 21080^T = KCTC 19432^T).