MDM2与端粒保护蛋白1的相互作用及其功能

目的:探究鼠双微体2同源体(MDM2)与端粒保护蛋白1(POT1)在细胞水平是否有相互作用,及其是否发挥E3泛素化连接酶的功能。方法:首先,用蛋白酶体抑制剂MG132处理稳定表达Flag-POT1的HeLa细胞,Western印迹检测Flag-POT1的表达情况;其次,在HeLa细胞中转入外源的Myc-MDM2和Flag-POT1质粒,48 h后收集细胞,通过免疫共沉淀方法验证Myc-MDM2和Flag-POT1是否具有相互作用;再次,在稳定表达Flag-POT1的HeLa细胞中转入Myc-MDM2或MDM2 siRNA,48 h后收集细胞,Western印迹检测Flag-POT1的表达水平。结果:MG132处理后,Flag-POT1的表达量明显升高且有拖尾现象,免疫共沉淀显示Myc-MDM2和Flag-POT1具有相互作用,但无论转入Myc-MDM2还是MDM2 siRNA,Flag-POT1的表达水平没有明显变化。结论:POT1通过泛素化途径降解,MDM2与POT1具有相互作用,但MDM2不是POT1主要的E3泛素化连接酶。     

PLCE1基因及rs2274223和rs3765524单体型的克隆与表达

目的：克隆人PLCE1基因,构建PLCE1 rs2274223和rs3765524 GT（PLCE1 Minor）和AC（PLCE1 Major）单体型真核表达重组载体,研究PLCE1基因多态性及单体型与基因表达的相关性。方法：利用重叠延伸PCR、In-Fusion技术构建PLCE1真核表达载体;基于同源重组的双点突变技术改造目的基因;利用基因转染、实时定量PCR和蛋白印迹等技术实现PLCE1表达载体在真核细胞中的过表达及表达水平的鉴定。结果：成功扩增并获得了全长6 927bp的人PLCE1 cDNA并经过DNA测序证实,与NCBI数据库PLCE1参考序列（NM_016341）比较,发现编码区3 554~3 572bp处存在18bp连续碱基插入,其余序列基本匹配。成功构建了PLCE1 Minor和PLCE1 Major两种单体型重组真核表达载体,转染细胞揭示PLCE1 Minor型的mRNA转录和蛋白质表达水平均高于Major型。结论：发现了一种新的PLCE1 mRNA转录本,成功构建了2种单体型真核表达载体;发现PLCE1 rs2274223G-rs3765524T单体型能够促进自身mRNA和蛋白质表达,为进一步揭示PLCE1 SNPs与癌症易感性的关系奠定了基础。     

MUC1粘蛋白的分离纯化及其抗体的制备

经高速离心从正常人乳中获得人乳汁颗粒膜(HMFGM),产量约0．4g／L。经进一步破碎、脱脂及sepharose CL-4B柱纯化,获得含MUC1粘蛋白的组分,并经SDS—PAGE、Western—blot及ELISA鉴定后,免疫家兔制备多抗。结果表明,进一步凝胶过滤获得MUC1粘蛋白,行SDS—PAGE后经希夫试剂和考马斯亮蓝染色呈单一条带,表观相对分子质量大干205000。Western—blot及ELISA结果表明可与MUC1特异性抗体结合。制备获得的多抗经ELISA测定效价为1：64000～1：128000。表明建立了MUC1粘蛋白的纯化方法,获得的MUC1粘蛋白及其抗体可进一步用于MUC1检测及其功能的研究。     

可溶性人sPD-L1及其抗体的制备和鉴定

通过固定化金属离子亲和层析进行柱上复性与纯化,获得高纯度的可溶性PD-L1胞外域(sPD-L1),其纯度达95%,纯化的sPD-L1经免疫印迹分析得到验证,并具有与其受体PD-1的特异性结合活性;以该抗原免疫小鼠获得高滴度的抗血清,并以制备的sPD-L1-HiTrap亲和层析柱纯化获得高纯度特异性抗体;将该抗体与另一商业化抗体结合建立了一种灵敏的双夹心ELISA法,检测范围为1ng/mL~100ng/mL,可用于分析可溶性PD-L1的含量。可溶性sPD-L1及其抗体的制备不仅可用于人体内特异性抗体和可溶性PD-L1的检测,同时也为进一步研究其体内外活性及其受体的性质提供了条件。     

Characterization and purification of adenosine deaminase 1 from human and chicken liver

Adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1) was purified from human and chicken liver. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 42,000 Da on SDS-PAGE. In humans, ADA1 was mainly purified concomitant with ADA-binding protein, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV)/CD26; however, in chickens, only ADA1 without DPP IV was purified. Both human and chicken ADA1s showed similar properties on substrate specificities, sensitivities on inhibitors, and pH profile. However, they had different affinities with adenosine-Sepharose and IgG anti-ADA1-Sepharose. Human ADA1 was not adsorbed in adenosine-Sepharose column, but chicken ADA1 was adsorbed. As for IgG anti-ADA1-Sepharose column, the results were converse. Furthermore, human ADA1 could bind to DPP IV whereas chicken ADA1 could not.     

人SCYL1-BP1重组蛋白的原核表达及分离纯化鉴定

前期研究结果发现,SCYL1-BP1具有细胞周期调控功能,同时具有肿瘤抑制因子的特性。目的:采用基因工程技术,构建SCYL1-BP1的大肠杆菌重组表达菌株,以获得足够量的高纯度目的蛋白,为后面进行一系列药理学检测及新药安全性测试奠定基础。方法:利用从人胎脑cDNA文库中克隆得到SCYL1-BP1基因克隆为模板,经PCR扩增,通过酶切位点克隆到新型原核表达载体pET-28b-SUMO上,转化大肠杆菌表达菌BL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导表达,摸索优化表达条件,表达产物经Ni柱进行亲和层析纯化,后再进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot等分析鉴定。结果:成功构建了SCYL1-BP1的原核表达工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET-28b-SUMO-SCYL1BP1。SDS-PAGE和Western blot检验结果表明,诱导表达的融合蛋白His6-SUMO-SCYL1BP1的分子量约为65 kDa,主要以可溶的形式存在,且能被His标签抗体和SCYL1-BP1单克隆抗体特异性识别。结论:原核表达并纯化了人SCYL1-BP1融合蛋白,为其后续功能研究及性质实验奠定基础。     

HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的腺病毒载体并予以鉴定。方法：合成HCV核心蛋白1b亚型的核苷酸,连接入pcmv5-HA质粒中。用XhoⅠ单酶切,后用Klenow酶补平,再用HindⅢ单酶切下HA-HCV core 1b片段,连入pShuttle-cmv穿梭质粒中,构建穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b.将pShuttle-CMV-HA core 1b转化至含有AdEasy-1的BJ5183感受态细菌中进行同源重组。PacⅠ酶切线性化重组质粒pAd-HA-HCV core 1b并转染AD293细胞进行病毒包装和扩增。用RT-PCR检测HA-HCVcore 1b的mRNA的表达水平,并用Western blot检测融合表达蛋白HA-HCV core 1b的表达水平。结果：穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-HA-HCV core 1b经PCR和测序证实构建成功。重组腺病毒载体经AD293细胞包装后,可观察到CPE现象。用获得的重组腺病毒载体感染AD293细胞,经RT-PCR检测,在mRNA水平上有表达;经Western blot检测,HCV core 1b亚型腺病毒载体（Ad-HA-HCV core 1b）感染组与未感染腺病毒载体组及空白对照组相比,只有Ad-HA-HCV core 1b感染组有融合蛋白HA-HCVcore 1b的表达。结论：通过分子克隆体外重组技术,成功构建了HCV core 1b亚型和HA共表达的重组腺病毒载体Ad-HA-HCVcore 1b。为进一步研究丙型肝炎病毒1b亚型引起丙肝感染中胰岛素抵抗的作用机制提供了方法。     

酸弗林蛋白酶酸性氨基酸簇分选蛋白-1的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：原核表达和纯化PACS-1,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法：通过RT-PCR扩增出PACS-1的编码基因,测序正确后克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,以IPTG诱导PACS-1与GST融合蛋白的表达并经Glutathione Sepharose 4B纯化;经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,应用纯化的蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价。结果：表达和纯化了PACS-1,并获得了较高效价的抗血清。结论：获得纯化的PACS-1及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究PACS-1的功能奠定了基础。     

Overexpression and purification of recombinant eRF1 proteins of rabbit and Tetrahymena thermophila

The polypeptide release factor (eRF1) gene was cloned from rabbit and its overexpression and purification system was established in parallel with that of the eRF1 gene of Tetrahymena thermophila that has been cloned recently in this laboratory. The rabbit eRF1 (Ra-eRF1) is composed of 437 amino acids and is completely identical to human eRF1 though 3% distinct in the nucleotide sequence. This is in sharp contrast to Tetrahymena eRF1 (Tt-eRF1) that is only 57% identical to human eRF1. The recombinant Ra-eRF1 was marked with a histidine tag, overexpressed, and purified to homogeneity by two-step chromatography using Ni-NTA-agarose and Mono Q columns. In contrast to Ra-eRF1, Tt-eRF1 formed aggregates upon overexpression in Escherichia coli, hence it was purified under denaturing conditions, and used to raise rabbit antibody. The resulting anti-Tt-eRF1 antibody proved useful for examining conditions for soluble Tt-eRF1 in test cells. Finally, a soluble Tt-eRF1 fraction was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with the Tt-eRF1 expression plasmid by three steps of affinity and anion exchange chromatography. The cloned Ra-eRF1 gene complemented a temperature-sensitive allele in the eRF1 gene, sup45 (ts), of S. cerevisiae, though the complementation activity was significantly impaired by the histidine tag, whereas Tt-eRF1 failed to complement the sup45 (ts) allele.     

Knockdown of MACC1 expression suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion and inhibited expression of MMP2 and MMP9

Expression of MACC1 (metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1) protein is associated with metastasis of various human cancers. This study analyzed MACC1 protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue specimens and then investigated the effects of MACC1 knockdown on HCC cell migration and invasion, and gene expression levels. Sixty pairs of HCC and adjacent normal liver tissues from HCC patients were analyzed for MACC1 expression immunohistochemically. The HCC cell lines Hep3B, Huh7, MHCC97H, SMMC-7721, Bel-7402, and HepG2 and the normal liver cell line LO2 were used to assess expressions of MACC1 mRNA and MACC1 protein using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. MACC1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown MACC1 protein expression in Huh7 cells. Changes in the tumor phenotype of these cells were analyzed with wound healing assay and invasion assays, and differences in gene expression were evaluated via western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to locate MACC1 protein in the above cell lines. MACC1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and the nuclear expression of MACC1 protein was associated with poor tumor differentiation and intrahepatic metastasis or portal invasion. Moreover, MACC1 mRNA and MACC1 protein was also expressed in HCC cell lines. Immunostaining showed that MACC1 protein was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasm of HCC cell lines and the nuclear localization of MACC1 protein was associated with increased aggressiveness of HCC in cell lines. Knockdown of MACC1 expression using MACC1-shRNA reduced Huh7 cell migration and invasion abilities, which was associated with downregulation of MMP2, MMP9, and c-Met proteins in Huh7 cells. Localization of MACC1 protein to the nucleus may predict HCC progression. Knockdown of MACC1 expression using MACC1 shRNA warrants further evaluation as a novel therapeutic strategy for control of HCC.     

The Expression of SIRT1 and DBC1 in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinomas

Rationale and Objective

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and is increased in many human tumors. DBC1 is a negative regulator of SIRT1 via promotion of p53-mediated apoptosis. It is necessary to investigate the expression of SIRT1 and DBC1 in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC and HSCC) and its correlation with available clinical parameters.

Methods

The mRNA levels of SIRT1 and DBC1 were measured in 54 paired LSCC or HSCC tumors and corresponding adjacent noncancerous mucosae using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of SIRT1 and DBC1 were also evaluated in 120 cases of patients with LSCC or HSCC using immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between SIRT1 and DBC1 expression and clinical parameters was analyzed with Pearson chi-square test.

Results

qRT-PCR assay showed that, compared with the paired adjacent noncancerous mucosae, SIRT1 mRNA was significantly decreased in tumors. The immunohistochemical results indicated that the SIRT1 protein was also downregulated in tumors compared with noncancerous mucosae. Moreover, decreased SIRT1 was significantly correlated with the tumor clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, DBC1 mRNA was significantly increased in tumors compared with noncancerous mucosae. The immunohistochemical results indicated that the DBC1 protein was downregulated in tumors, which is inconsistent with the results obtained by qRT-PCR. Finally, decreased DBC1 protein was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and p53 expression.

Conclusions

SIRT1 and DBC1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and are associated with lymph node metastasis and p53 positive staining in LSCCs and HSCCs.     

SDF-1和及其受体CXCR4的结构与功能

近年基质细胞衍生因子 1(SDF 1)及其受体CXCR4的构效关系与相互作用机制研究进展很快 .研究证实 ,SDF 1N末端 (Nt)氨基酸残基是与CXCR4相互作用的关键区域 .SDF 1的 β链与蛋白聚糖 (GAG)作用而调节SDF 1的功能 ,C端α螺旋有助于维持SDF 1的活性构象 ;CXCR4Nt、ECL2和 (或 )ECL3对于SDF 1和HIVgp12 0对CXCR4的识别和激活都很重要 ,但在识别序列上存在部分交叉重叠 .SDF 1 CXCR4与肿瘤转移密切相关 ,本文还就SDF 1与CXCR4在肿瘤治疗方面的应用进行了讨论 .     

魔芋AaHSFB1基因及其启动子的克隆与功能分析

为了初步探究魔芋热激转录因子HSFB1基因及其启动子的功能,以白魔芋Amorphophallus albus为试材,利用同源克隆方法获得长度为1 365 bp的AaHSFB1基因序列。qRT-PCR结果表明：AaHSFB1基因对热胁迫较敏感,在根中的表达量表现出先升后降的趋势,并在热处理1 h时表达丰度最高;在热处理12 h时,叶片中的表达量也达到最高,在整个热处理时段内球茎中的表达量变化不大;亚细胞定位结果显示AaHSFB1定位于细胞核内。再利用FPNI-PCR法通过三轮步移扩增得到1 509 bp的AaHSFB1启动子序列。生物信息学分析表明：AaHSFB1含有热胁迫响应元件HSE及多种与植物发育及逆境应答相关的顺式作用元件。为进一步分析AaHSFB1启动子的功能,构建融合表达载体prAaHSFB1::GUS,利用农杆菌介导法转入拟南芥,热处理后对转基因拟南芥进行GUS组织化学染色鉴定,结果显示其表达部位主要在叶中。因此推测AaHSFB1可能在白魔芋抗外界逆境特别是热胁迫中起重要作用。     

Glucuronidation of oxidized fatty acids and prostaglandins B1 and E2 by human hepatic and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases

Arachidonic acid (AA) can be metabolized to various metabolites, which can act as mediators of cellular processes. The objective of this work was to identify whether AA, prostaglandin (PG) B1 and E2, and 15- and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15- and 20-HETE) are metabolized via glucuronidation. Assays with human recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) isoforms revealed that AA and 15-HETE were glucuronidated by UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A9, and 1A10, whereas 20-HETE was glucuronidated by UGT1A1 and 1A4 and PGB1 was glucuronidated by UGT1A1, 1A9, and 1A10. All substrates were glucuronidated by recombinant UGT2B7, with AA and 20-HETE being the best substrates. Kinetic analysis of UGT1A1 and 1A9 with AA resulted in Km values of 37.9 and 45.8 microM, respectively. PGB1 was glucuronidated by UGT1A1 with a Km of 26.3 microM. The Km values for all substrates with UGT2B7 were significantly higher than with the UGT1A isoforms. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of glucuronides biosynthesized from PGB1 and 15-HETE showed that hydroxyl groups were the major target of glucuronidation. This work demonstrates a novel metabolic pathway for HETEs and PGs and the role of UGT1A isoforms in this process. These results indicate that glucuronidation may play a significant role in modulation of the availability of these fatty acid derivatives for cellular processes.     

PinX1的原核表达、纯化及其与hTERT的相互作用简

目的：原核表达人Pin2/TRF1结合蛋白X1（PinX1）,确定该蛋白与人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）催化亚基的相互作用。方法：用PCR方法从乳腺文库中扩增PinX1基因的编码序列,克隆至pET-32a载体构建重组质粒pHis-PinX1,经双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌BL21并进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测His-PinX1的表达;用His磁珠纯化His-PinX1,在人肾胚细胞293T内检测His-PinX1与hTERT的相互作用。结果：扩增得到980bp的PinX1基因;Western印迹检测表明,相对分子质量约57x10。的His-PinX1获得表达,且纯化的His-PinX1与hTERT具有相互作用。结论：表达并纯化得到了与hTERT相互作用的His-PinX1,为深入研究PinX1的功能奠定了基础。     

Determination of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate and metabolites alpha-naphthylamine and alpha-naphthylisocyanate in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the determination of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (1-NITC) and two metabolites alpha-naphthylamine (1-NA) and alpha-naphthylisocyanate (1-NIC) in rat plasma and urine has been developed. The chromatographic analysis was carried out using reversed-phase isocratic elution with a Partisphere C(18) 5-microm column, a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (ACN-H(2)O 70:30, v/v), and detection by ultraviolet (UV) absorption at 305 nm. The lower limits of quantitation (LLQ) in rat plasma, urine, and ACN were 10, 30, and 10 ng/ml for 1-NITC; 30, 100, and 30 ng/ml for 1-NA; and 30 ng/ml in ACN for 1-NIC. At low (10 ng/ml), medium (500 ng/ml), and high (5000 ng/ml) concentrations of quality control samples (QCs), the range of within-day and between-day accuracies were 95-106 and 97-103% for 1-NITC in plasma, respectively. Stability studies showed that 1-NITC was stable at all tested temperatures in ACN, and at -20 and -80 degrees C in plasma, urine, and ACN precipitated plasma and urine, but degraded at room temperature and 4 degrees C. 1-NA was stable in all of the tested matrices at all temperatures. 1-NIC was unstable in plasma, urine, and ACN precipitated plasma and urine, but stable in ACN. The degradation product of 1-NITC and 1-NIC in universal buffer was confirmed to be 1-NA. 1-NITC and 1-NA were detected and quantified in rat plasma and urine, following the administration of a 25 mg/kg i.v. dose of 1-NITC to a female Sprague-Dawley rat.     

FOXG1在结直肠癌侵袭及转移中的作用及机制

构建叉头框G1(Forkhead box G1,FOXG1)的慢病毒干扰(shRNA)质粒及表达质粒,通过敲低和过表达FOXG1探讨其对结直肠癌细胞上皮-间质转化EMT的作用及其机制。应用Western blotting检测FOXG1在RKO、SW480、SW620、LOVO、DLD-1五种结直肠癌细胞中蛋白的表达水平,设计并合成FOXG1的shRNA片段(shFOXG1),运用DNA重组技术获得重组质粒,经双酶切技术及测序方法鉴定后进行慢病毒的包装、纯化及稳定转染,经筛选后获得稳定的结直肠癌细胞株,通过Western blotting和qRT-PCR技术检测FOXG1敲低和过表达效率及EMT关键因子E-cadherin、Vimentin、Fibronectin、Snail、Twist mRNA和蛋白的变化,光学显微镜观察敲低后细胞形态学变化,通过划痕实验检测迁移能力变化,Transwell检测侵袭迁移能力的变化。5种结直肠癌细胞中,FOXG1在RKO细胞中蛋白表达量最高,而在DLD-1细胞中表达量最低,与对照组相比较,在RKO细胞中敲低FOXG1,细胞形态由长梭型变成了类圆形或者多边形,细胞极性和紧密连接增加,细胞迁移距离明显降低,侵袭转移穿过小室的细胞数也明显减少,EMT关键因子E-cadherin表达增高,Vimentin、Fibronectin、Snail、Twist表达降低,过表达FOXG1组则相反。FOXG1在结直肠癌中高表达,这种基因的高表达能够促进结直肠癌细胞的侵袭和转移,对结直肠癌细胞的EMT起着重要的调控作用。     

四氯乙烯和镉对草鱼的单一与联合毒性效应

以静水生物测试法研究了四氯乙烯和重金属镉对草鱼的单一与联合毒性,同时采用Marking相加指数法对二者的联合毒性进行了评价.单一毒性试验表明:四氯乙烯对草鱼24、48、72和96 h的半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别为49.12、41.68、36.37和34.30 mg·L^-1;镉对草鱼24、48、72和96h的LC₅₀分别为45.58、34.81、28.63和24.05mg·L^-1;二者对草鱼均有毒性,而且为高毒,镉的毒性大于四氯乙烯.联合毒性试验表明:二者毒性比为1∶1,暴露时间为24、48、72和96 h时四氯乙烯和镉的LC₅₀分别为24.63、12.54、9.88和7.08 mg·L^-1以及17.11、8.71、6.87和4.92 mg·L^-1,相加指数AI(additive index)分别为0.14、0.81、0.95和1.43,联合作用结果为协同效应,并且随着时间的增加,协同作用增强;二者浓度比为1∶1, 暴露时间为24、48 、72和96 h时四氯乙烯和镉的LC₅₀分别为17.00、11.18、10.61和9.19 mg·L^-1,AI分别为0.39、0.70、0.51和0.54,联合作用为协同作用.