川西亚高山森林木质残体及其附生苔藓持水特性

木质残体及其附生苔藓是森林生态系统的基本结构,在水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性保育、碳和养分循环等方面具有重要作用。然而,有关亚高山森林木质残体及其附生苔藓的水源涵养功能研究尚未见报道。因此,以川西亚高山针叶林区紫果云杉原始林、岷江冷杉原始林、方枝柏原始林等8种典型森林类型为研究对象,调查研究了木质残体及其附生苔藓持水能力随林型、腐烂等级和径级的变化特征。结果表明：（1）亚高山针叶林木质残体饱和储水量在林型之间变化显著。其中,紫果云杉原始林具有最大的饱和储水量（22.06 mm）,柳树次生林木质残体饱和储水量最小（4.55 mm）,但林型之间木质残体饱和持水率的差异不显著。（2）不同林型的附生苔藓持水能力具有显著差异。其中,紫果云杉原始林木质残体附生苔藓饱和储水量最高（7.01 mm）,方枝柏原始林最低（0.21 mm）。（3）腐烂等级显著影响木质残体饱和储水量,IV腐烂等级的饱和储水量较高（3.77 mm）,II腐烂等级较低（0.75 mm）;木质残体饱和持水率和附生苔藓饱和储水量与腐解程度显著正相关,均符合Q（Q''）=ex²+fx+g的函数关系式。（4）木质残体和附生苔藓的饱和储水量均随径级增大而升高,大径级（D5）的饱和储水量占比分别超过60%和40%。可见,林型和木质残体腐解程度及径级大小是决定亚高山针叶林区木质残体及其附生苔藓持水性能的关键因子,特别是附生苔藓对于提高亚高山针叶林水源涵养具有重要作用。     

八大公山亚热带森林木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征

木质残体可为大型无脊椎动物提供重要栖息地、食物等资源, 并影响其生物多样性。目前针对不同树种、径级及分解阶段的木质残体如何调控土壤大型无脊椎动物群落结构尚不清楚, 相关研究在亚热带森林地区尤为稀缺。为此, 本文选取湖南省八大公山国家级自然保护区柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)、亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)及檫木(Sassafras tzumu) 3种树种为研究对象, 每种树种分别选取两类径级(直径分别为10 ± 2 cm、4 ± 2 cm)不同分解阶段的木质残体, 对其中的大型无脊椎动物进行调查。调查于2020年10-11月完成。结果显示: 共捕获大型无脊椎动物2,558只, 隶属4门10纲23目, 不同树种的优势类群、常见类群及稀有类群均存在差异。亮叶水青冈木质残体中大型无脊椎动物个体密度显著高于柳杉和檫木。亮叶水青冈和檫木大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于小径级, 3个树种大径级木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的类群数、特有类群数均大于小径级。木质残体中大型无脊椎动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数及Pielou均匀度指数与木材密度显著负相关, 表明随着分解的进行木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落呈明显变化趋势。木质残体的理化性质(相对含水率、全氮、全碳及碳氮比)和土壤温度、湿度与木质残体中大型无脊椎动物群落特征具有相关性。研究初步表明, 大型无脊椎动物群落特征在所选树种、径级及分解阶段木质残体中具有差异, 在亚热带森林中同时保留不同树种、不同大小径级的木质残体或有利于增加大型无脊椎动物多样性。     

高山峡谷区暗针叶林木质残体储量及其分布特征

木质残体是高山峡谷区暗针叶林生态系统的重要组成元素,其分布在林窗、林缘和林下可能具有较大的差异,但一直缺乏必要关注。因此,以典型川西高山峡谷区岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)原始林为研究对象,研究了高山峡谷区暗针叶林木质残体的储量特征及其在林窗、林缘和林下的分布特征。结果表明,岷江冷杉原始林木质残体总储量达53.00 t/hm~2,且呈现林下的储量大于林窗和林缘的趋势。从林窗到林下木质残体的类型均以倒木为主,直径大于40 cm的木质残体储量占粗木质残体的74.55%—76.15%,林窗、林缘和林下Ⅲ和Ⅳ腐烂等级的粗木质残体储量之和分别占粗木质残体储量的50.02%、55.84%和62.90%。相对于林下和林缘,林窗内倒木和根桩的储量比例较小,但枯立木和细木质残体的储量比例较高。此外,林窗内较低腐烂等级粗木质残体的储量较高,而林下较高腐烂等级粗木质残体的储量显著高于林窗和林缘。这些结果为充分认识高山峡谷区暗针叶林生态系统林窗更新过程中木质残体相关的物质循环等关键生态过程提供了基础理论依据。     

亚高山林区河岸带康定柳木质残体持水能力随径级的变化特征

为了解亚高山林区河岸带木质残体的持水能力,以王朗国家级自然保护区亚高山林区河岸带康定柳(Salix paraplesia)直径30、30～20、20～10、10～5、5～2和2～1 cm六个径级的木质残体为研究对象,运用浸泡模拟法研究了其吸水过程和持水能力随径级的变化特征。结果表明:不同径级木质残体的最大持水量为1024.78～2674.67 g·kg~(-1),不同径级木质残体的持水量大小顺序为10～5、20～10、30～20、30、2～1、5～2 cm;不同径级的木质残体在吸水过程中随着浸泡时间的增加,其饱和含水量不断升高,吸水速率不断降低。同时,30～5 cm径级的木质残体具有良好的持水能力与吸水能力。川西亚高山林区不同径级的康定柳木质残体持水能力差异明显,建议在河岸带保留较大径级的木质残体,有利于提高河岸带水源涵养功能。     

腐烂等级、径级对典型阔叶红松林红松倒木物理化学性质的影响

倒木是森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 在地力维护、生物多样性保持以及碳(C)和养分循环等方面具有重要意义, 但倒木物理化学性质随其腐烂等级和径级而变化。为了深入理解腐烂等级和径级对倒木物理化学性质的影响, 该研究以典型阔叶红松林的建群种——红松(Pinus koraiensis)的倒木为研究对象, 将其每个腐烂等级(I-V)下的倒木分为4个径级(径级i ≤ 10.0 cm、径级ii 10.1-30.0 cm、径级iii 30.1-50.0 cm、径级iv >50.0 cm), 研究了不同腐烂等级、径级及两者交互作用对倒木心材和边材物理化学性质的影响。结果表明: 心材和边材具有相似的变化规律。倒木心材和边材含水率随着腐烂等级增加而增加, 而木材密度随腐烂等级和径级的增加均呈下降趋势; 边材C含量以及心材和边材的氮(N)、磷(P)含量随腐烂等级增加呈上升趋势, 心材N、P含量随径级增加呈先增加后减少的趋势; 纤维素含量随腐烂等级增加呈下降趋势, 而木质素含量呈上升趋势, 纤维素和木质素含量随径级增加没有明显变化规律。倒木含水率与C、N、P、木质素含量(除心材P含量)显著正相关, 与纤维素含量显著负相关; 木材密度与C、N、P、木质素含量显著负相关, 与纤维素含量显著正相关。由此可见, 倒木物理化学性质受不同腐烂等级和径级的影响有各自的变化规律, 且倒木的物理性质(含水率和木材密度)是影响化学含量变化的重要因素。     

小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林粗木质残体碳密度特征

以小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林9.12 hm~2固定样地为研究对象,分析粗木质残体(CWD)碳密度的基础特征,揭示其与林分因子和物种多样性的关系。结果表明:(1)谷地云冷杉林CWD碳密度为13.25 t C/hm~2,其中云杉(Picea spp.)、冷杉(Abies nephrolepis)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和未知种的CWD碳密度分别为3.59、2.61、3.06和2.85 t C/hm~2。(2)不同腐烂等级下CWD碳密度呈近正态分布,多集中在Ⅱ和Ⅲ等级,分别占总量的42.7%和35.4%。不同径级的CWD碳密度也呈近正态分布,主要分布在30—40 cm和40—50 cm径级上。干中折断、拔根倒、枯立木和干基折断为谷地云冷杉林CWD碳密度的主要存在方式。腐烂等级为Ⅰ和Ⅴ的CWD中,拔根倒的碳密度最高,其他腐烂等级中均为干中折断的碳密度最高。(3)CWD碳密度表现出较强的空间异质性,其随着林分平均胸径、最大胸径和胸高断面积的增加而下降,呈显著负相关关系(P0.05);而与林分密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均无显著相关性(P0.05)。     

大兴安岭呼中林区粗木质残体贮量及其环境梯度

对大兴安岭呼中林区主要植被类型、兴安落叶松不同林型内粗木质残体贮量进行对比研究,并利用除趋势典范对应分析对其环境梯度进行定量分析.结果表明：云杉林粗木质残体贮量较高,为0.20 m³·hm^-2,且不同植被类型之间呈显著性差异;兴安落叶松不同林型粗木质残体贮量在0～0.28 m³·hm^-2,其中偃松群落最高,为0.28 m³·hm^-2,泥炭藓-杜香-落叶松林最低（0）,且各林型之间差异不显著.粗木质残体贮量分布格局较复杂,受多因素交叉影响;海拔、坡位等地形因子和林分年龄、郁闭度等林分条件是影响森林粗木质残体贮量的主要环境因子,二者综合作用表达了该地区森林粗木质残体贮量的空间生态梯度.     

高山森林粗木质残体附生苔藓植物的重金属吸存特征

粗木质残体及其附生苔藓植物是高山森林生态系统中两个相互联系的基本组成部分,二者的相互作用可能影响森林生态系统重金属循环,但有关不同类型和不同腐解等级粗木质残体对附生苔藓植物重金属吸存特征尚不清楚。因此,于2015年7月在川西高山森林调查了岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)原始林内不同类型和不同腐解等级的粗木质残体附生苔藓镉、铅、铜和锌浓度与吸存特征。结果表明:高山森林粗木质残体附生苔藓植物Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的总吸存量依次为4700mg/hm~2、21236mg/hm~2、6179mg/hm~2和2622mg/hm~2。粗木质残体附生苔藓的4种重金属吸存量都表现为倒木大枯枝枯立木根桩;倒木附生苔藓Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn吸存量分别占高山森林粗木质残体总吸存量的54.53%、66.08%、51.13%和66.30%,根桩附生苔藓重金属吸存量不足总吸存量的3%。粗木质残体的类型和腐解等级都会影响附生植物重金属吸存特征。随着腐解等级的增加,倒木和大枯枝附生苔藓中Cd和Pb呈现"积累-释放"的变化特征,其浓度和吸存量在第Ⅱ、Ⅲ腐解等级较高。附生苔藓Cu和Zn浓度和吸存量在不同腐解等级粗木质残体间的差异均不明显。这些结果表明,粗木质残体附生苔藓对重金属元素具有明显的吸存作用,为认识高山森林生态系统重金属元素循环及其迁移过程提供了新的思路,也为进一步了解粗木质残体在高山森林生态系统中的重要作用提供了新的角度。     

鼎湖山锥栗粗木质残体的分解和元素动态

选取锥栗(Castanopsischinensis)粗木质残体(coarsewoodydebris,CWD)的3个径级(径级1-3分别为5-10cm,10-20cm和20-30cm),并且将每个径级的锥栗粗木质残体分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ5个分解阶段。通过测定锥栗粗木质残体3个径级的Ⅰ-Ⅲ阶段的7种化学元素(C、N、P、K、Ca、Na、Mg)的浓度和CWD密度变化来研究其分解过程中的元素动态、分解速率及其分解过程中基质质量的变化。到分解阶段Ⅲ时,3个径级的重量与原来相比分别损失了36%、48%和43%。元素N、P、Mg、Ca、Na的浓度升高。元素N的累积可能和锥栗粗木质残体中寄生着固氮细菌和真菌有关。元素P、Mg、Ca、Na的浓度升高则可能是由于这4个元素因淋溶流失的速度小于锥栗粗木质残体质量的损失速度,造成元素积聚,元素C、K的浓度降低。N/P比值是较好的分解指示指标。虽然存在元素的净释放,但是由于C和其它主要元素的释放速率较慢,因而锥栗粗木质残体是森林中重要的C库和长期的元素来源。     

哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林和次生林木质物残体的组成与碳贮量

研究了哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林和3个主要次生演替类型(栎类萌生林、滇山杨林和旱冬瓜林)木质物残体的组成和碳贮量特征.结果表明:哀牢山徐家坝地区原生森林(常绿阔叶林)木质物残体的碳贮量达36.56t.hm-2,树种组成以腾冲栲、木果石栎和景东石栎等为主,多数是直径≥10cm的大径级、处于中等分解状态的倒木.这主要是由于该区常年潮湿温凉,木质物残体中占优势的壳斗科倒木的材质坚硬,难以分解.3类次生林木质物残体的碳贮量在1.2～5.0t.hm-2,为栎类萌生林>滇山杨林>旱冬瓜林,表现出木质物残体碳贮量随群落演替进程而逐渐增加的趋势.     

The Imprint of Land-use History: Patterns of Carbon and Nitrogen in Downed Woody Debris at the Harvard Forest

Few data sets have characterized carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in woody debris at sites where other aspects of C and N cycling are studied and histories of land use and disturbance are well documented. We quantified pools of mass, C, and N in fine and coarse woody debris (CWD) in two contrasting stands: a 73-year-old red pine plantation on abandoned agricultural land and a naturally regenerated deciduous forest that has experienced several disturbances in the past 150 years. Masses of downed woody debris amounted to 40.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in the coniferous stand and 26.9 Mg ha⁻¹ in the deciduous forest (20.4 and 13.8 Mg C ha⁻¹, respectively). Concentrations of N were higher and C:N ratios were lower in the deciduous forest compared to the coniferous. Pools of N amounted to 146 kg N ha⁻¹ in the coniferous stand and 155 kg N ha⁻¹ in the deciduous forest; both are larger than previously published pools of N in woody debris of temperate forests. Woody detritus buried in O horizons was minimal in these forests, contrary to previous findings in forests of New England. Differences in the patterns of mass, C, and N in size and decay classes of woody debris were related to stand histories. In the naturally regenerated deciduous forest, detritus was distributed across all size categories, and most CWD mass and N was present in the most advanced decay stages. In the coniferous plantation, nearly all of the CWD mass was present in the smallest size class (less than 25 cm diameter), and a recognizable cohort of decayed stems was evident from the stem-exclusion phase of this even-aged stand. These results indicate that heterogeneities in site histories should be explicitly included when biogeochemical process models are used to scale C and N stocks in woody debris to landscapes and regions. Received 27 April 2001; accepted 4 January 2002.     

Effects of stand composition on fire hazard in mixed‐wood Canadian boreal forest

Abstract. Surface fuels were examined in 48 stands of the Canadian mixed‐wood boreal forest. Tree canopy was characterized with the point‐centred quadrant method and stands were characterized as deciduous, mixed‐deciduous, mixed‐coniferous or coniferous according to the percentage of conifer basal area. Woody debris loadings were measured with the line intersect method and the litter, duff, shrub loads and depths or heights were sampled with various quadrats. No significant difference was found among stand types for total woody debris load, large basal diameter shrub loads and load or depth of litter and duff. However, conifer stands had significantly heavier loads of small diameter elements (twigs and shrubs) and conifer pieces were more numerous within these stands than in deciduous stands. The BEHAVE prediction system was used to evaluate the impact of these differences on the potential of fire ignition in situations where topography and weather were constant. The qualitative and quantitative changes in fuels, resulting from species replacement and fast decay rates, influence fire hazard. Simulations of fire behaviour showed that in the mixed‐wood boreal forest fires were less intense and spread more slowly in deciduous stands than in mixed or coniferous stands. Moreover, spring fires were more intense than summer fires, and differences between seasons increased with the increase of deciduous basal area.     

Effects of decay classes and diameter classes on physico-chemical properties of Pinus koraiensis log in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest

AimsLog is an important component for most of forest ecosystems. It plays crucial roles in maintaining soil fertility, sustaining biodiversity and cycling of carbon (C) and nutrient. However, physico-chemical properties of logs vary with decay classes and diameter classes. Our objective was to study effects of decay classes and diameter classes on physico-chemical properties of logs in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northern China.MethodsIn this study, logs of Pinus koraiensis were chosen as it was the constructive species in the typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. Logs of P. koraiensis at each decay classes (I-V) were divided into four diameter classes, including diameter class i ≤ 10.0 cm, diameter class ii: 10.1-30.0 cm, diameter class iii: 30.1-50.0 cm, and diameter class iv > 50.0 cm. Then, we explored effects of different decay classes, diameter classes and their interactions on the physico-chemical properties of logs for both the heartwood and sapwood.Important findings The results showed that the physico-chemical properties of heartwood and sapwood generally exhibited similar variations. Their moisture content both increased with an increasing decay class, whereas wood density both decreased with an increased decay class and diameter class. The carbon concentrations of the sapwood showed a trend of gradual increasing during decomposition, and there was an accumulation in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of the heartwood and sapwood with an increased decay class, simultaneously. Only N and P concentrations of the heartwood increased and then decreased with an increasing diameter class. The cellulose content decreased with an increasing decay class. In contrast to the cellulose, the lignin content increased with an increased decay class. However, cellulose and lignin contents exhibited no distinct trend among diameter classes. The moisture content of logs had a significant positive correlation with C, N, P concentrations and lignin content (except P concentrations of the heartwood), but had a significant negative correlation with the cellulose content (p< 0.05). The wood density was negatively correlated with C, N, P concentrations and the lignin content, but it was positively correlated with the cellulose content (p< 0.05). Therefore, physico-chemical properties of logs had unique patterns along both decay classes and diameter classes, and the physical properties of logs (the moisture content and wood density) were important factor affecting the variations of their chemical contents.     

Woody debris characteristics in the primary spruce forests of eastern european taiga

The possibility of studying the balance processes of biomass accumulation and decay in forest communities is discussed. Woody debris is considered an important consort of the forest biogeocoenosis in the processes of accumulation and decomposition of biomass in forest communities. In primary forest communities unaffected by anthropogenic impact, the stock of the current woody debris and slash are determined in absolute and relative terms as one of the structures of the overall balance of biomass in evolutionary forests. Their average values are calculated, which are assumed to be typical of primary forest communities.     

Woody debris stocks in different secondary and primary forests in the subtropical Ailao Mountains, southwest China

Woody debris (WD), including coarse woody debris (CWD) and fine woody debris (FWD), is an essential structural and functional component of many ecosystems, particularly in montane forests. CWD is considered to be the major part in forest WD and it is primarily composed of logs, snags, stumps and large branches, while FWD mainly consists of small twigs. Attributes of dead woody material may change in accordance with trends in stand dynamics. The primary forest (primary montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest) in Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve (NNR) preserves the largest tract of natural vegetation in China. The Alnus nepalensis (D. Don) association, Populus bonatii (Levl.) association and secondary Lithocarpus association represent the secondary and chronological types following human disturbance by fires and logging under different intensity. The mass and composition of coarse woody debris (CWD, ≥10 cm in diameter) and fine woody debris (FWD, 2.5–10 cm in diameter) were inventoried in a primary forest and its three secondary counterparts. Estimates of total mass of woody debris across secondary types to primary forest ranged from 2.4 to 74.9 Mg ha⁻¹. The lowest value was found in the A. nepalensis association and the highest values were in the primary forest of which logs are the considerable differences. The ratios of CWD to FWD were low in the secondary types (about 1–4) but high in the primary forest (above 15). Our results suggested that for the recovery of woody debris in the secondary forest, it might last longer than the age of the oldest successional stage studied. Yang Lipan and Ma Wenzhang contributed equally to this work.     

Carbon and nitrogen storage in an age-sequence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densiflora</Emphasis> stands in Korea

The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage capabilities of Pinus densiflora in six different stand ages (10, 27, 30, 32, 44, and 71 years old) were investigated in Korea. Thirty sample trees were destructively harvested and 12 were excavated. Samples from the above and belowground tree components, coarse woody debris (CWD), forest floor, and mineral soil (0–30 cm) were collected. Tree biomass was highest in the 71-year-old stand (202.8 t ha⁻¹) and lowest in the 10-year-old stand (18.4 t ha⁻¹). C and N storage in the mineral soil was higher in the 71-year-old stand than in the other stands, mainly due to higher soil C and N concentrations. Consequently, the total ecosystem C and N storage (tree+forest floor+CWD+soil) was positively correlated with stand age: increasing from a minimum in the 10 year old stand (18.8 t C ha⁻¹ and 1.3 t N ha⁻¹) to a maximum in the 71-year-old stand (201.4 t C ha⁻¹ and 8.5 t N ha⁻¹). The total ecosystem C storage showed a similar sigmoidal pattern to that of tree C storage as a function of the age-sequence, while N storage in the CWD, forest floor and mineral soil showed no significant temporal trends. Our results provide important insights that will increase our understanding of C and N storage in P. densiflora stands and our ability to predict changes according to stand age in the region.     

广州三种森林粗死木质残体（CWD）的储量与分解特征

粗死木质残体(Coarse Woody Debris, CWD)对森林生态系统的稳定性具有不可忽视的贡献.对广州3种森林CWD的储量与分解特征进行了调查分析,结果表明:(1)CWD储量及其与相应森林总生物量比值均表现为常绿阔叶林>针阔混交林>针叶林;枯立木与倒木为CWD的主要成分,其中,针叶CWD主要物种为马尾松(Pinus massonianai),阔叶CWD物种主要为荷木(Schima superba)与黄杞(Engelhardtia chrysolepis)等.(2)CWD径级主要集中在<10cm的范围内,存在状态主要为中级腐烂状态,干扰与竞争是3种森林CWD产生的主要因素.(3)针叶林、针阔混交林与常绿阔叶林CWD的分解常数k分别为0 0244、0.0407和0.0487,即分解速率为常绿阔叶林>混交林>针叶林;随着CWD的分解,N、P与木质素的含量逐渐升高,C、C/N与木质素/N呈降低趋势.     

Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Pinus densiflora forest with low and high stand densities

Aims Understanding carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics and their dependence on the stand density of an even-aged, mature forest provides knowledge that is important for forest management. This study investigated the differences in ecosystem total C and N storage and flux between a low-density stand (LD) and a high-density stand (HD) and examined the effects of stand density on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), total belowground C allocation (TBCA) and net ecosystem production (NEP) in a naturally regenerated, 65- to 75-year-old Pinus densiflora S. et Z. forest.Methods LD (450 trees ha^-1) and HD (842 trees ha^-1) were established in an even-aged, mature P. densiflora forest in September 2006. The forest had been naturally regenerated following harvesting, and the stand density was naturally maintained without any artificial management such as thinning. The diameter at breast height (DBH ≥ 5.0cm) of all live stems within the stands was measured yearly from 2007 to 2011. To compare C and N storage and fluxes in LD and HD, C and N pools in aboveground and belowground biomass, the forest floor, coarse woody debris (CWD) and soil; soil CO₂ efflux (R S); autotrophic respiration (R A); litter production; and soil N availability were measured. Further, ANPP, TBCA and NEP were estimated from plot-based measurement data.Important findings Ecosystem C (Mg C ha^-1) and N (Mg N ha^-1) storage was, respectively, 173.0±7.3 (mean ± SE) and 4.69±0.30 for LD and 162±11.8 and 4.08±0.18 for HD. There were no significant differences in C and N storage in the ecosystem components, except for soils, between the two stands. In contrast, there were significant differences in aboveground ANPP and TBCA between the two stands (P < 0.05). Litterfall, biomass increment and R S were major C flux components with values of, respectively, 3.89, 3.74 and 9.07 Mg C ha^-1 year^-1 in LD and 3.15, 2.94 and 7.06 Mg C ha^-1 year^-1 in HD. Biometric-based NEP (Mg C ha^-1 year^-1) was 4.18 in LD and 5.50 in HD. Although the even-aged, mature P. densiflora forest had similar C and N allocation patterns, it showed different C and N dynamics depending on stand density. The results of the current study will be useful for elucidating the effects of stand density on C and N storage and fluxes, which are important issues in managing natural mature forest ecosystems.