茎尖法转基因棉花植株真实性鉴定方法探究

棉花茎尖转化法具备不受基因型限制、转化周期短的优点,是理想的棉花转化体系,但据报道其所获得的转基因植株普遍存在遗传不稳定、高代植株基因丢失的现象。以陆地棉TM?1品种为受体材料,利用茎尖转化法将DsRed2载体转入棉花,经卡那霉素筛选获得16株抗性植株,进一步PCR扩增靶基因,获得6株DsRed2基因片段PCR检测为阳性的植株,初步判断该6株为茎尖转化法获得的转基因植株,但经紫外照射,6个转基因植株均未检测到红色荧光。对其进行靶基因RT?PCR,发现DsRed2基因在6个转基因植株中仅有极低量的表达或无表达。进一步对DsRed2载体的非T?DNA片段,即载体骨架部分进行PCR以及植株内生菌培养检测,结果表明,6个转基因植株均含有完整的DsRed2载体,植株可培养出含有完整载体的内生菌,且内生菌经农杆菌16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）片段PCR检测结果为阳性,推测由于茎尖侵染形成农杆菌与植株共生关系,造成假阳性株的现象,进而导致高代转基因植株基因丢失、遗传不稳定的现象。旨在建立一套完整的茎尖法转基因棉花植株真实性的鉴定方法,为进一步深入研究提供参考依据。     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)甘蓝植株

以下胚轴、带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因(Bt-CpTI)导人甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株。经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明:农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株。经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

马铃薯遗传转化体系的优化及玉米淀粉分支酶基因SBEⅡb的导入

以马铃薯脱毒试管苗茎段为转化受体材料,建立并优化了农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系。通过农杆菌介导法将玉米淀粉分支酶基因(Starch branching enzyme b,SBEⅡb)的过表达载体转化马铃薯,接种762个茎段,共获得35株抗性植株。经PCR检测获得了4株转基因阳性植株;对转基因植株进一步进行GUS活性组织化学染色,发现转基因植株的茎段与试管薯均被染上蓝色,表明外源SBEⅡb基因已整合到马铃薯基因组,且正常表达。     

Optimization of genetic transformation system of potato and introduction of maize starch branching enzyme gene SBEⅡb into potatoFAN

以马铃薯脱毒试管苗茎段为转化受体材料,建立并优化了农杆菌介导的马铃薯遗传转化体系.通过农杆菌介导法将玉米淀粉分支酶基因(Starch branching enzyme b,SBEⅡb)的过表达载体转化马铃薯,接种762个茎段,共获得35株抗性植株.经PCR检测获得了4株转基因阳性植株;对转基因植株进一步进行GUS活性组织化学染色,发现转基因植株的茎段与试管薯均被染上蓝色,表明外源SBEⅡb基因已整合到马铃薯基因组,且正常表达.     

利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法转化获得转抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt—CpTI）甘蓝植株

以下胚轴,带柄子叶和茎尖为外植体,利用根癌农杆菌和基因枪法将抗虫融合蛋白基因（Bt-CpTI)导入甘蓝品种“中甘8号”,得到了13株卡那霉素抗性植株,经PCR扩增反应和Southern blot分子验证表明;农杆菌介导转化下胚轴和带柄子叶来源的Ⅰ型抗性植株均为转基因植株,而农杆菌介导转化茎尖外植体得到的Ⅱ型抗性植株属“假阳性”植株,基因枪介导转化茎尖的2株Ⅲ型植株中,有1株是非转基因植株,经胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性分析和抗虫测试证明,部分转基因植株有较高的胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和抗菜青虫能力。     

茎瘤芥异戊烯基转移酶家族基因全基因组鉴定及表达分析北大核心CSCD

该研究以茎瘤芥栽培品种‘永安小叶’为实验材料,在全基因组水平对茎瘤芥基因组中异戊烯基转移酶(IPT)家族基因成员进行鉴定;通过荧光定量PCR检测各基因在不同组织、盐胁迫和根肿菌胁迫条件下的表达模式。结果显示:(1)在茎瘤芥基因组中共鉴定到27个IPT家族基因,分布在14条染色体上,它们在系统进化树中可聚类为7个分支。(2)大部分IPT家族基因主要在茎瘤芥的根和茎中表达,在叶片、花和种荚中表达量相对较低。BjuB006281在茎中的表达水平最高,BjuA027211、BjuB010173、BjuB010174和BjuA001839在根中的表达水平较高。(3)大部分的IPT基因表达受盐胁迫抑制,BjuB006281、BjuA036403、BjuB010173、BjuB026254在盐胁迫12~48 h显著下调表达;BjuB022918和BjuB007352则在盐胁迫24~48 h显著下调表达。(4)大部分茎瘤芥IPT基因在12 h受到根肿菌侵染的显著诱导,其中BjuB006281、BjuA014415、BjuB022918在侵染后12 h的表达水平为0 h对照的15倍以上。该研究鉴定出多个响应盐胁迫和根肿菌胁迫的IPT基因,为进一步研究他们的基因功能奠定了基础。     

无苞芥锌指蛋白基因OpZFP提高烟草耐盐性的研究

旨在研究C2H2型锌指蛋白在植物生长发育、非生物胁迫信号转导过程中的作用。前期从新疆无苞芥中克隆的一个单锌指基因Op ZFP,利用叶盘法将Op ZFP基因转入普通烟草中。半定量RT-PCR表明,在转基因植株中Op ZFP基因能够高效表达。烟草耐盐性分析显示,在高盐胁迫下,转基因植株的根长要长于野生型植株,且转基因烟草丙二醛(MDA)的含量要明显低于野生型植株;并且高盐胁迫处理,野生型烟草离体叶片叶绿素降解率高于转基因植株。这些结果表明,过量表达Op ZFP的转基因植株可以提高植物对盐胁迫的抗性。     

过表达或沉默棉花GhPCBER基因株系的获得及其茎叶木质素和木脂素含量研究

编码苯基香豆满苄基醚还原酶(phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase,PCBER)的基因PCBER属于PIP亚家族,是苯丙烷代谢途径中参与木脂素合成的关键基因。该研究构建了棉花GhPCBER基因的植物过表达载体并转化拟南芥,同时构建了VIGS(virus induced gene silencing,病毒诱导的基因沉默)载体转化棉花,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对GhPCBER基因在不同组织中的表达进行分析;对野生型和转基因植株茎叶组织中的木质素和木脂素含量进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)成功构建了GhPCBER植物过表达载体pGWB17-GhPCBRE以及基因沉默重组载体pTRV2-GhPCBER;经遗传转化获得6株转棉花GhPCBER基因抗性拟南芥植株,同时获得15株GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株(5株为一组)。(2)PCR检测表明,6株转基因拟南芥均为过表达株系,其中株系1、2、3相对表达量更高,且在茎、叶组织中的表达量分别较野生型提高了7～14倍和6～16倍,表明GhPCBER基因成功在拟南芥中过表达;GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株的茎、叶组织中的表达量分别比野生型棉株约下降12%和26%,表明烟草脆裂病毒(TRV)体系(pTRV2-GhPCBER)成功抑制了GhPCBER基因的表达。(3)转GhPCBER基因拟南芥茎、叶中木质素和木脂素含量较野生型均显著降低;GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株茎、叶中木质素和木脂素含量较野生型均极显著降低;组织化学染色观察发现GhPCBER基因沉默棉花植株茎秆颜色明显比野生型染色浅,也证明沉默基因棉花植株茎秆中的木质素含量减少。(4)苯丙烷代谢通路中8个相关基因的实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,过表达或抑制GhPCBRE基因均会导致苯丙烷代谢途径发生重新定向。     

转基因白桦中GUS 基因表达的定量分析

以转基因白桦(Betula platyphylla)为材料, 采用单酶切结合Southern杂交的方法揭示不同转基因植株中GUS基因的整合拷贝数为1-4个。采用组织化学染色法定性分析不同整合方式转基因白桦植株中GUS基因的表达。结果表明, 11个转基因植株中有2株出现了GUS基因沉默, 其余植株均有不同水平的GUS表达。在此基础上应用分光光度法定量分析不同拷贝数的GUS转基因白桦中b-葡萄糖醛酸酶活性。结果表明, 在11个转基因无性系中除2个株系的GUS基因沉默外, 其它9个转基因植株中GUS酶活力差异明显, 但这种差异与GUS基因的拷贝数没有必然联系。     

马铃薯卷叶病毒基因间隔区转化的马铃薯抗病性研究

将本室合成、克隆的马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato Leafroll Virus, PLRV)中国分离株的基因间隔区(intergenic sequence, IS)双链cDNA以正、反向两种方式分别构建于转化载体pROK2中,通过致瘤农杆菌介导,以马铃薯叶圆片为转化材料,转化马铃薯栽培品种Desiree,获得了转基因植株.卡那霉素抗性分析和PCR检测目的基因,证明PLRV IS双链cDNA已经整合到转基因马铃薯的染色体基因组中.将转基因植株移栽网棚用蚜虫接种PLRV,观察症状并用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测转基因植株中PLRV含量.结果表明,表达PLRV IS正意和反意RNA的转基因植株,接种病毒后表现无症状或症状轻微,PLRV平均滴度均较未转基因对照植株低.表达正意RNA的转基因植株PLRV滴度降低43%～72%,表达反意RNA的转基因植株PLRV滴度降低72%～86%,由此可见,表达PLRV IS反意RNA的转基因马铃薯对PLRV抗性较强.     

Expression of recombinant trichosanthin,a ribosome-inactivating protein,in transgenic tobacco

Trichosanthin (TCS) is an antiviral plant defense protein, classified as a type-I ribosome-inactivating protein, found in the root tuber and leaves of the medicinal plant Trichosanthes kirilowii. It is processed from a larger precursor protein, containing a 23 amino acid amino (N)-terminal sequence (pre sequence) and a 19 amino acid carboxy (C)-terminal extension (pro sequence). Various constructs of the TCS gene were expressed in transgenic tobacco plants to determine the effects of the amino- and carboxy-coding gene sequences on TCS expression and host toxicity in plants. The maximum TCS expression levels of 2.7% of total soluble protein (0.05% of total dry weight) were obtained in transgenic tobacco plants carrying the complete prepro-TCS gene sequence under the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter. The N-terminal sequence matched the native TCS sequence indicating that the T. kirilowii signal sequence was properly processed in tobacco and the protein translation inhibitory activity of purified rTCS was similar to native TCS. One hundred-fold lower expression levels and phenotypic aberrations were evident in plants expressing the gene constructs without the C-terminal coding sequence. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing recombinant TCS exhibited delayed symptoms of systemic infection following exposure to Cucumber mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Local lesion assays using extracts from the infected transgenic plants indicated reduced levels of TMV compared with nontransgenic controls.     

天花粉蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

本文应用ＤＮＡ多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,从括楼基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增并克隆了天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）基因。核酸序列分析结果表明,克隆片段包括ＴＣＳ的前原蛋白的编码序列和５＇一侧翼区段。其编码序列与已发表的不同来源的３种ＴＣＳ基因的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为９９．２０％,９８．７４％和９８．６４％。推导出的氨基酸序列与已发表的４种ＴＣＳ的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９８．６２％、９８．６２％、９７．４１％和９     

用天花粉蛋白基因转化小麦获得转基因植株

取普通小麦品种京411未成熟胚诱导愈伤组织,10天左右,对820个胚性愈伤组织用含有35S启动子的天花粉蛋白（trichosanthin,TCS)基因轰击。2周后,将这些被轰击的愈伤组织转到含潮霉素50mg/L的筛选培养基上,经分化和生根,获得了33棵再生植株,经接饲毒蚜虫抗病性鉴定和PCR,Southern杂交分析,从中筛选出4株含有编码TCS的转基因小麦植株,转化频率为0．49％。     

转基因烟草中Bt毒蛋白基因的表达行为

Bt toxin genes were the insecticidal genes most widely used in genetic engineering of pest resistant plant, were of important significance to study their expression behavior in transgenic plants. In this work, a plant expression vector, pBinMoBc, was constructed. It contained the Cry IA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and the Ω factor. The vector was transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression levels of the Cry IA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plants were significantly higher than that in wild-type tobacco plants. The highest could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins; the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plant was changeable during the development stages of tobacco plant. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal activity than the wild-type tobacco plants. The above results indicated that pBinMoBc was an effective pest-resistent plant expression vector. This study would be very helpful in screening transgenic cotton with high resistance to cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigeva Hubner).     

Virus Movement Protein Gene Mediated Resistance Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabactum L. ) "NC89" plants were transformed with deletion mutant of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) movement protein (MP) gene and full-length CMV MP gene, respectively. The transformed plants were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-Southem, Southern and Western blots. R0 generation of the transgenic plants were inoculated with CMV. Five out of 10 lines of tobacco plants (BMPK) transformed with CMV MP deletion mutant gene showed high resistance to CMV infection and remained symptomless for up to 50 days post-inoculation. In contrast, tobacco plants (BMPR) transformed with full-length CMV MP gene did not show resistance to CMV infection. However, most of the infected full-length CMV MP gene transgenic plants recovered by showing none or very mild mosaic symptoms in 40 days post-inoculation. The results of R1 generation of the BMPK transgenic plants tested under field conditions showed that all 5 lines of transgenic plants could delay the virus disease development.     

应用RNA干扰技术降低玉米支链淀粉含量

为了调控玉米淀粉的生物合成过程,克隆了玉米淀粉分支酶(starch branching enzymes,SBE)基因,构建高效的siRNA表达体系,通过花粉管通道法将其导入玉米自交系.PCR扩增和Southern杂交结果证明,目的基因已被整合到基因组中,且能够遗传.Northern杂交分析表明,该目的基因在转基因植株中能正常转录并导致内源SBE mRNA含量下降.对转基因植株淀粉分支酶活性和淀粉含量测定结果表明,分支酶活性明显地低于对照,相差最多的低85%;总淀粉含量与对照之间基本没有差异,但直链淀粉的含量提高了约50%.     

Oilseed Rape Transformation and the Establishment of a Bromoxynil Resistant Transgenic Oilseed Rape

Using hypocotyls and cotyledons as transformed materials, an efficient transformation system of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was established. Bxn gene (bromoxynil-resistant gene)was introduced into these plants, and bromoxynil-resistant transgenic oilseed rape was obtained. Themolecular monitoring experiments showed that these transgenic plants contained bxn gene. The herbicide experiments showed that these transgenic plants had resistance to 10-3 moL/Lbromoxynil.     

利用激光微束穿刺法将杀虫蛋白基因导入油菜的研究

利用激光微束照射油菜子叶柄,将来自苏云金杆菌的杀虫蛋白（Ｉｎｓｅｃｔｉｃｉｄａｌｃｒｙｓｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＩＣＰ）基因导入油菜细胞中,经植株再生和卡那霉素筛选,获得了转基因植株。对转基因植株进行了ＰＣＲ检测和饲虫实验,发现转基因植株为ＰＣＲ扩增阳性,某些植株表现出了较强的抗虫性。实验结果表明外源抗虫基因已被整合到油菜基因组并得到了表达。     

油菜的遗传转化及抗溴苯腈转基因油菜的获得

以油菜(Brassica napus L.)的下胚轴和子叶为转化受体,建立了油菜的高效转化系统。在此基础上,将抗除草剂溴苯腈基因(bxn基因)导入油菜,获得了抗溴苯腈转基因油菜。分子检测实验证明,转基因油菜中含有bxn基因。转基因油菜可抗高达10~(-3)mol/L的溴苯腈。