Magainin和cecA-mil抗菌肽基因的密码子优化及在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

选用毕赤酵母偏爱密码子 ,设计合成了新型抗菌肽基因。所合成的magainin基因和cecA mil杂合肽基因全长分别为 1 0 1bp和 60bp ,并在其N端引入kex2裂解位点 ,以保证表达抗菌肽具有天然N端。其中 ,cecA mil杂合肽基因根据cecropinAN端第 1～ 7个氨基酸残基、melittinN端第 5～ 1 2个氨基酸残基所设计合成。基因分别克隆入pPICZα A质粒 ,构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα A mag和pPICZα A CM。在AOX1 (醇氧化酶 )启动子调控下 ,类似天然抗菌肽大小的magainin及cecA mil蛋白获得分泌表达 ,其表达量分别为 1 0 5mg L和 1 1 8mg L。初步抑菌活性测定 ,显示两者对金黄色葡萄球菌及E .coliDH5α有较好的抑杀活性。     

牛乳铁蛋白素(1-15)-蜂毒素(5-12)杂合肽基因的合成及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为了构建新型的杂合肽,设计了一种新型杂合抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白素(1-15)-蜂毒素(5-12),由牛乳铁蛋白素(LfcinB)N端第1~15个氨基酸残基和蜂毒素(Melittin)N端第5~12个氨基酸残基组成。根据大肠杆菌密码子的偏爱性,设计合成了杂合肽LfcinB(1-15)-Melittin(5-12)的基因片段,插入到表达载体pET-32a的NcoI和SalI的酶切位点之间,构建重组表达质粒。重组表达质粒转化到Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中,经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,融合蛋白以可溶形式在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中获得成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的35%以上,每升培养物可获得35mg融合蛋白。带His标签的融合蛋白经His-Bind纯化试剂盒纯化、肠激酶切割和抑菌实验表明,杂合肽具有明显的抑菌效果。这为利用基因工程方法生产抗菌肽奠定了理论基础。     

家蝇新型抗菌肽Muscin的基因克隆、表达模式及抑菌活性

【目的】鉴定家蝇 Musca domestica (Linnaeus)中一种新型抗菌肽(Muscin)基因,并分析其功能。【方法】通过数字基因表达谱和生物信息学分析,在家蝇转录组中筛选得到一条抗菌肽基因,命名为 muscin。以实时荧光定量PCR技术研究该基因的组织分布以及用大肠杆菌Escherichia coli和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus混合细菌刺激后的表达量变化。并对合成肽Muscin进行抑菌活性检测及溶血率测定。【结果】muscin基因cDNA序列全长379 bp,包含完整的开放阅读框153 bp。推导Muscin多肽序列由50个氨基酸残基组成,N端含有由25个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽。成熟肽中富含疏水性氨基酸残基和带正电荷的氨基酸残基,理论等电点为9.39。基因定量结果显示 muscin 基因在血细胞和脂肪体中表达量最高。通过细菌刺激进行免疫诱导后,幼虫体内该基因的表达水平明显上调,并在6 h达到高峰。抑菌和溶血实验显示c-Muscin对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌具有广谱抑菌活性,且溶血活性较低。【结论】Muscin是一种新型的广谱抗菌肽,可能参与家蝇抗菌免疫反应,且具有一定药物开发潜质。     

杂合抗菌肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性测定

为获得溶血活性低、抗菌活性高的杂合抗菌肽,以家蝇抗菌肽Cec Md和中国林蛙抗菌肽Chensirin为母体肽,并结合毕赤酵母偏爱密码子的原则,设计出6条具有抗菌潜力的新型杂合抗菌肽,将其命名为CC22、CC28、CC29、CC30和CC34(1),CC34,利用SOE-PCR技术合成所需的目的基因,并将其克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA,通过电击转化技术,将其转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168中,经含有Zeocin的抗性平板筛选阳性转化子,YPD液体培养72h后,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测出目的蛋白,然后采用高效液相色谱法对其进行纯化。检测结果显示,表达产物CC29对大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为25μg/ml;CC34(1)对大肠杆菌表现相对较弱的抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为100μg/ml;CC34对鸡沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为50μg/ml;且杂合抗菌肽对有益菌均没有表现出抑制作用。6条杂合肽的溶血活性均呈现较低水平,其中表现出抗菌活性的3条抗菌肽中,以CC29的溶血活性最低,CC34(1)和CC34相对次之。结合抑菌活性,CC29和CC34的抑菌效果较为明显,从而确定溶血活性低且抗菌活性较高的CC29和CC34为新型杂合抗菌肽。     

东北林蛙皮肤中一类新抗菌肽cDNA的克隆及成熟肽的预测

为进一步研究和开发高效广谱天然抗生素的抗菌肽,本文克隆东北林蛙(Rana dybowskii)的抗菌肽基因,并预测其成熟肽的有关性质。根据蛙属抗菌肽信号肽末端序列设计简并引物,以RT-PCR技术扩增皮肤中抗菌肽的cDNA,并进行克隆测序。用生物信息学软件分析cDNA序列特点,预测成熟肽的理化性质。研究发现一种长度为28个氨基酸残基的新抗菌肽dybowsin-1,该肽具有Rana box结构;与已发现的抗菌肽仅有35%的同源性;理论等电点在9.70-10.01之间;均呈阳离子性;从第3或4个氨基酸开始到第16个氨基酸形成α-螺旋结构,极性氨基酸位于螺旋轮的一侧,非极性氨基酸位于螺旋轮的另一侧;具有N-端疏水、C-端亲水的两亲性。一个个体表达5条cDNA序列编码3种不同的dybowsin-1分子,显示出该抗菌肽表达的多样性。序列分析显示,该抗菌肽可能由多基因座位编码。     

杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil的改造及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

参照毕赤氏巴斯德酵母(Pichia pastorts)偏好密码子,改造并化学合成杂合抗菌肽CecA-mil基因,改造后的CecA-mil基因克隆到pPICZα-A载体中,构建分泌型重组酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-CM,转化Pichia pastoris受体菌X-33。在醇氧化酶(AOX)启动子调控下,分子量约1．9kD的CecA-mil杂合抗菌肽获得表达,经表达条件优化,重组酵母菌的摇瓶发酵产率可达到245μg／mL。抗菌特性研究表明,该表达产物具有广谱抗菌活性,对多数G^-菌及G^ 菌均有较好的抑菌活性,特别是对氨苄青霉素抗性菌和卡那霉素抗性菌抑杀效果更好;具有热稳定性和酸稳定性。这些特点使得重组抗菌肽CecA-mil在食品防腐、疾病防治和动物饲料添加剂等方面显露出很好的应用前景。     

可剪切多拷贝抗菌肽融合表达载体的构建

抗菌肽是生物体防御系统产生的一类对外源病菌具有高效杀灭活性的小分子多肽, 在植物抗病基因工程中具有重要的应用价值。Thanatin是刺肩蝽(Podisus maculiventris)成虫经诱导产生的一种抗菌肽, 由21个氨基酸残基组成, 该抗菌肽对革兰阳性、革兰阴性菌以及真菌都有很强的抗菌活性。为研究该抗菌肽转入油菜对菌核病抗性提高的效果, 采用同尾酶反复酶切连接的方法构建了分别含1~5拷贝的Thanatin串联融合表达载体, 并导入农杆菌用于油菜的遗传转化。研究采用引物重叠法扩增并克隆了抗菌肽基因, 并采用了一种在植物体内可被特异性切割的短肽作为连接肽, 使多拷贝融合表达的抗菌肽在植物体内可自动剪切为有功能活性的单个抗菌肽单元, 以增加抗菌肽表达丰度和抗菌肽的稳定性。研究还采用了大豆几丁质酶的信号肽作为引导肽引导多拷贝融合表达的抗菌肽分泌到细胞间隙, 以增强抗菌肽作用效果。     

天蚕抗菌肽Ａ与蜂毒素杂合肽基因的合成及在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

根据天蚕抗菌肽Ａ（cecropin A,CA）Ｎ端第１～７个 氨基酸残基、 蜂毒素（melittin,M）Ｎ端第５～１２个氨基酸残基,以大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子设计合成了杂合肽ＣＡ（１～７）-Ｍ（５～1２）基因,同载体pＧＥＭＥＸ-１连接后转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９,经打点杂交筛选和序列测定,获得一个与设计一致的克隆。将此克隆中的质粒亚克隆至JM103(DE3) ,经IPTG诱导、BrCN切割和抑菌圈试验表明,克隆的杂合肽基因在JM109(DE3)中获得了表达。 Abstract:According to the studies of David Andreu and other scientists,we designed and synthesized a gene encoding shortened cecropin A-melittin hybrid.This hybrid consists of CA(1-7) and M(5-12).The gene was inserted into pGEMEX-1 in the site of EcoRI and BamHI.A positive clone was obtained by hybridization and DNA sequencing and was expressed in JM109(DE3).     

天蚕素A-蜂毒素杂合肽用pBV220载体的表达、纯化和活性测定

为提高抗菌肽的表达,在抗菌肽的N端融合了1段酸性小肽以中和表达产物对宿主的毒性;并将融合肽基因同向串连成多拷贝,在大肠杆菌中获得了较高的表达。用化学合成法分别合成了编码天蚕素A(1-8)-蜂毒素(1-10)杂合肽和酸性小肽的DNA片段,首先将其拼接成融合肽的完整基因,然后通过前后接头将融合肽基因连接成两侧具有EcoRI和SalI酶切位点的同向串连的多拷贝基因。将5份拷贝的基因克隆至pBV220表达载体,转化E.coliDH5α,温度诱导得到表达量为35%的融合蛋白。表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,将包涵体溶解,经Ni²⁺-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析获得纯化的融合蛋白。融合蛋白再经CNBr切割和阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的抗菌肽,经蛋白质N端测序确认序列正确。琼脂糖扩散法和液相测定法证明了纯化的抗菌肽具有抗菌活性。     

抗菌肽Cec4的结构改造及抗菌活性研究

[目的]对抗菌肽Cec4进行结构改造,并评估优化小肽的稳定性及溶血性。[方法]采用序列截短、氨基酸替换的方式来改造Cec4。采用微量稀释法,检测改造后的Cec4对各类鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。绘制时间-杀菌曲线,并评估不同因素对抗菌肽抑菌活性的影响,最后通过溶血实验检测其安全性。[结果]①截短后的Cec4失去抑菌效果。②Cec4氨基酸替换后的Cec4-1、Cec4-2未能提升抑菌能力。Cec4-4的MIC值为Cec4的50%。③在24h,时间-杀菌曲线显示,Cec4-4的抑菌活性较Cec4高30%。④血清会影响抗菌肽活性,并且高浓度胰蛋白酶(1. 0 mg/m L)会抑制Cec4-4抗菌活性。⑤溶血实验表明Cec4-4在1 mg/m L浓度下无溶血反应。[结论]截短使Cec4失去抑菌活性,氨基酸替换后的Cec4-4对各测试菌的抑菌活性较母肽提升了1倍,且抗菌肽在1mg/m L浓度下对人体无溶血反应。     

The molecular design of a recombinant antimicrobial peptide CP and its in vitro activity

Antibacterial peptides from various sources express different antibacterial activity. In order to obtain a high activity antibacterial peptide, the sequences of four antimicrobial peptides--Protegrin-1, 4 kDa Scorpion Defensin, Metalnikowin-2A and Sheep Myeloid Antibacterial Peptide SMAP-29--were exploited to generate a synthetic antimicrobial peptide cp gene, which was then cloned into the expression vector pPICZalpha-A. The constructed recombinant expression vector pPICZalpha-cp was transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33, in which the synthetic antimicrobial peptide (CP) could be expressed under the control of the inducible AOX1 promoter and secreted via the alpha mating factor leader of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results showed that recombinant plasmid is highly stable, and In vitro experiments showed that the recombinant antimicrobial peptide CP is heat and acid-stable, and it has high antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Only 1 microg of the recombinant antimicrobial peptide CP has an antibacterial activity equivalent to 64 U ampicillin. Thus, this recombinant antimicrobial peptide could serve as an attractive candidate for the development of therapeutic antimicrobial drugs.     

Expression of recombinant hybrid peptide cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12) in Pichia pastoris: purification and characterization

Hybrid antibacterial peptide CA-MA (cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12)) is a linear cationic peptide that has potent antimicrobial properties without hemolytic activity. To explore a new approach of expression of hybrid peptide CA-MA in methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, the gene of CA-MA was obtained by recursive PCR (rPCR) and cloned into the vector pPICZalpha-A. The SalI-linearized plasmid pPICZalpha-CA-MA was transformed into P. pastoris SMD1168 by electroporation. The expression was induced for 96h with 1.0% methanol at 28 degrees C, pH 5.0. Recombinant CA-MA was purified by reversed-phase HPLC and 22 mg pure active CA-MA was obtained from 1L fermentation culture. Tricine-SDS-PAGE indicated that recombinant CA-MA protein molecular weight is 2.6 kDa. Mass spectrometry of purified CA-MA demonstrated a single large signal for the molecular ion [M+2H+](2+) at 1281.07 m/z, identical to that of the putative protein (2.56 kDa). Antimicrobial assays showed that CA-MA has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial property against fungi, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This is the first report on the heterologous expression of a hybrid antibacterial peptide with molecular weight below 3.0 kDa in P. pastoris. Our results demonstrate that functional CA-MA can be produced in sufficient quantities using P. pastoris for use in further studies on functionality and diagnostic applications.     

石斑鱼-防御素的酵母表达及其产物抗菌活性分析

防御素是一类阳离子抗菌肽。研究从石斑鱼垂体SMART cDNA 文库中扩增出129 bp 石斑鱼-防御素成熟肽序列, 将其克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPCIZA 中, 构建了石斑鱼-防御素的真核表达载体, 电击转化毕赤酵母GS115。Western Blot 分析表明石斑鱼-防御素在酵母菌中获得了表达。体外抗菌实验表明纯化的重组蛋白具有抑制大肠杆菌以及嗜水气单胞菌的作用, 但是对革兰氏阳性菌, 如金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄微球菌的生长没有抑制作用。实验结果表明酵母表达的石斑鱼-防御素能够特异地抑制革兰氏阴性菌的生长。       

重组毕赤酵母产青蛤Mytimacin抗菌肽的表达研究

Mytimacin是主要在无脊椎动物中表达的Macin抗菌肽家族中的一员,具有较强的抗病原微生物活性,是利用重组DNA技术开发天然抗菌剂的良好候选者。通过RT-PCR从青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)闭壳肌中克隆编码Mytimacin成熟肽的基因,经3次PCR在该基因的5’端添加Xho I限制性酶切位点和信号肽酶识别位点、3’端添加Xba I限制性酶切位点和6×His,获得目的基因"CsMm";以pPICZαA为表达载体、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)X-33为工程菌,构建重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm。通过高浓度博来霉素筛选高拷贝酵母转化子,在28℃、250 r/min条件下,使用1.5%的甲醇诱导表达72 h;使用固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)对表达产物进行纯化,并通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱分析对纯化产物进行鉴定。另外,通过涂布法和浊度法考察重组CsMm的抑菌活性。结果表明:基于X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm重组毕赤酵母的外源表达获得了表达量为25.6 mg/L的重组蛋白,经MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定其为分子量约7.8 kD的预期重组CsMm。抑菌试验证明重组CsMm对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahemolyticus)具有明显的抑菌活性。构建的重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm能有效合成具有生物学活性的重组青蛤Mytimacin,旨为贝类来源天然小分子抗菌剂的开发提供可资参考的技术途径。     

Production of Recombinant Hinnavin II/MSH Hybrid in Insect Cells

The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria requires development of new antimicrobial agents. For the purpose of this study, a cDNA encoding hinnavin II‐α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (hin/MSH) hybrid was chemically synthesized, annealed, and then cloned into transfer vector pBacPAK 9 for expression in Sf21 insect cells. Recombinant hin/MSH (rhin/MSH) hybrid was efficiently produced in baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) as a hybrid peptide. The antibacterial activity of the rhin/MSH hybrid was compared to that of the recombinant hinnavin II (rhin), using inhibition zone and overlay assay. This new recombinant hybrid peptide may serve as an attractive candidate for powerful novel class of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.     

一种新融合抗菌肽Hex-Mag基因的克隆、表达及其抗菌活性的研究

通过在Magainin1-12(GIGKFLHSAKKF)的N端添加碱性氨基酸片段Hexapeptide(RRWQWR)以增强其对细胞膜的吸附能力来提高Magainin1-12的抗菌活性。利用Hexapeptide和Magainin1-12的基因序列,结合酵母偏爱密码子设计出新的融合基因Hex-Mag,通过重叠区扩增基因拼接法(Gene splicing by overlap extension,gene SOEing)利用PCR扩增出基因片段,再将融合基因进行酶切并纯化后导入穿梭质粒pPIC9中,构建受乙醇氧化酶1基因(AOX1)的启动子与转录终止区控制的酵母表达质粒,转化GS115毕赤酵母宿主菌,经表型筛选,阳性克隆用甲醇诱导表达。表达出的融合肽Hex-Mag分子量约2.3kDa,其耐热性强,在100℃条件下,其活性可维持3h以上。琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测显示Hex-Mag对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌具有抑制活性,与Magainin1-12相比,其活性有明显增强,N端正电荷增加的预期效应得到初步体现。     

Expression and characterization of a housefly cecropin gene in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris

A 371 bp full-length cDNA (GenBank Accession No. DQ232774) was obtained from housefly Musca domestica by using degenerate primers and subsequent amplification by 5'- and 3'-RACE. The cecropin gene, Mdcec and Mdcec/6His, was cloned into expression pPICZalpha-A vector and was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Mdcec was purified using cationic exchange chromatography and 1.2mg pure active Mdcec was obtained from 100ml culture broth supernatant. To facilitate purification of Mdcec, the C-terminal 6His-tagged Mdcec was also expressed in P. pastoris. The recombinant Mdcec/6His was purified to homogeneity by a nickel chelating sepharose column and 2.0mg pure active Mdcec/6His was obtained from 100ml culture broth supernatant. Anti-microbial assays demonstrated that Mdcec had broad spectrum of antimicrobial property against fungi, as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Mdcec/6His showed a similar activity to Mdcec against bacteria, but a slight higher activity against fungi. These results indicate that the 6His-tag can enhance the cationic nature and stability of Mdcec. This is the first report on the heterologous expression of a cecropin and cecropin with a 6His tag in P. pastoris. Our results suggest that the P. pastoris expression system can be used to produce large quantities of fully functional M. domestica cecropin for both research and industrial purpose.     

High level expression, purification, and characterization of the shrimp antimicrobial peptide, Ch-penaeidin, in Pichia pastoris

Penaeidins, members of a new family of antimicrobial peptides constitutively produced and stored in the haemocytes of penaeid shrimp, display antimicrobial activity against bacteria, and fungi. Here, a DNA sequence encoding the mature Ch-penaeidin peptide was cloned into the pPIC9K vector and transformed into Pichia pastoris. The transformed cells were screened for multi-copy plasmids using increasing concentrations of G418. Positive colonies carrying chromosomal integrations of the Chp gene were identified by phenotype and PCR. When transformed cells were induced with methanol, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed the production of a approximately 6100 Da recombinant CHP (rCHP) expression product. Large scale expression revealed that rCHP was produced at 108 mg/L under optimal conditions in the highest Chp-producing P. pastoris clone. The antimicrobial activities of rCHP were studied by liquid phase analysis, which revealed that rCHP exhibited activities against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but had a relatively low activity against some fungi. Purification of rCHP by cation exchange chromatography and subsequent automated amino acid sequencing revealed the presence of four additional amino acids (YVEF) at the N-terminus that belonged to the cleaved fusion signal peptide; these residues may account for the observed decrease in antifungal activity. Together, these observations indicate that rCHP is an effective antimicrobial peptide that can be successfully produced at high levels in the yeast, and therefore may be a potential antimicrobial candidate for practical use.