L－赖氨酸快速发酵新菌种及工艺研究

以我室选育的赖氨酸生产菌Ｓ－２１－２４为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）和紫外线（Ｕ．Ｖ．）的复合处理,选育到一株代谢速率高,发酵周期短的新菌株ＦＴＳ－１。对该菌的发酵条件作了研究,选择了最佳培养条件,该菌在５Ｌ发酵罐中发酵４８小时产酸８０ｇ／Ｌ以上,７２小时产酸可达１１０ｇ／Ｌ。     

温度适应范围大的谷氨酸生产菌GMH—908选育,发酵及应用效果

以谷氨酸生产菌天津短杆菌（Ｂｒｅｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｉｅｎｔｓｉｎｅｎｓ）Ｔ６－１３为出发菌株,经菌体或原生质体紫外线（ＵＶ）、氯化锂、香豆素等多因子诱变和高温驯化,选育出琥珀酸、生物素营养缺陷型,耐高糖、耐高谷氨酸又不利用谷氨酸,且温度适应范围大（既可在常温３２－３８℃发酵,又可在高温３６－４２℃发酵）的突变株ＧＭＨ－９０８。以淀粉糖为碳源,生物素亚适量,摇瓶常温发酵产酸９５ｇ／Ｌ以上,高温发酵产酸７４．９ｇ／Ｌ,比出发菌株Ｔ６－１３分别提高２６．６７％和２２．９９％;工业生产常温发酵月平均产酸８５－８８ｇ／Ｌ,转化率５２－５４ｇ％,单罐最高产酸１０８ｇ／Ｌ,转化率５８％;高温发酵产酸达７６．５ｇ／Ｌ,转化率４９．５％。     

米根霉发酵生产L-乳酸

报道了Ｌ－乳酸菌株的分离与筛选,探讨了不同碳源、氮源、通气量、温度等发酵条件对产Ｌ－乳酸的影响,从７８株米根霉中筛选出１３株产Ｌ－乳酸较高的菌株,其中米根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓ ｏｒｙｚａｅ）Ｒｓ９２８产Ｌ－乳酸最高,产酸最稳定。试验结果表明,该菌株最适发酵培养组成（％）：淀粉水解糖１６,ＭｇＳＯ４ ０．０８,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ ０．０５,ＺｎＳＯ４ ０．０１,ＣａＣＯ３ ７,ｐＨ自然。在６０ｔ发酵罐中,     

L—苹果酸产生菌筛选及高产突变株诱变选育

通过广泛收集和分离,获得根霉属、曲霉属及裂褶菌属等属菌侏８９７侏。产酸指示平板上的变色圈测定结果表明,它们中间６２８株为产酸菌。通过纸层析对产酸菌发酵液酸谱的分析,获得１２９株Ｌ－苹果酸产生菌,经进一步测定发酵液中Ｌ－苹果酸的含量,筛选出以葡萄糖为原料,摇瓶发酵１４０小时,Ｌ－苹果酸产率４８．３７ｇ／Ｌ,对糖转化率４８．３７×１０＾－２的菌株ＬＭ０２。经初步鉴定,这一菌株为曲霉。以ＬＭ０２作为出发     

新组合菌系SCB329—SCB933利用L—山梨糖发酵生产维生素C前体—2—酮基…

新组合菌系氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌ＳＣＢ３２９－苏芸金芽杆菌ＳＣＢ９３３能在较长时间内保持高的转化活力且具有极强的抗杂菌污染的特性。在一次投糖分批发酵的基础上,探索在控制溶氧、ＰＨ,温度等条件下,分批加入Ｌ－山梨糖发酵生产２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸新工艺。采用新工艺,既充分利用了菌系的优良特性,又避免了高糖浓度可能对菌系造成的不良影响。Ｌ－山梨糖最终浓度达到１４％（Ｗ／Ｖ）,产酸１２０－１３５ｇ／ｌ,转化率９０     

新型肌苷产生菌──产氨短杆菌GMBA—800选育和特性的初步研究

采用多种方法诱变获得一株新型肌苷产生菌──产氨短杆菌（Ｂｒｅｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍａｍｍｏｎｉａｇｅｎｅｓ）ＧＭＢＡ－８００（具有腺嘌呤、生物素双重营养缺陷型和对８－氮杂鸟嘌呤、磺胺胍、６－流基嘌呤有抗性）,对其生长和发酵条件进行初步研究。肌苷产量从５ｇ／Ｌ提高到１８．４１ｇ／Ｌ,发酵周期从８４ｈ缩短为６３ｈ。菌株遗传性状稳定。     

N~ 离子注入热带假丝酵母对长链二元酸产量的影响

用热带假丝酵母（Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｉｓ）ＳＣＢ４１２作为出发菌株,经能量５０ＫｅＶ、剂量１× １０~１１～５ ×１０~１５ ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ~２的Ｎ~＋离子注入诱变处理,以产生可遗传的诱变。 Ｎ~＋离子注入后,存活率与剂量呈指数衰减关系：ｌｏｇ（存活率％）＝ ８．２３－ ０．６０４ × ｌｏｇ（剂量）,在培养过程中可观察到酵母菌菌落和细胞形态均发生了变化。经筛选,获得了一株能够利用正十二烷烃发酵产生长链二元酸的高产菌热带假丝酵母ＳＣＢ６０９。在初始正十二烷烃浓度为１５％（ｖ／ｖ）下产酸量由４３．５ｇ／Ｌ上升到７３．２ｇ／Ｌ。比较两株菌发酵生长特性的差异,产酸过程有一定的变化。     

新型肌苷新生菌——产氨短杆菌GMBA—800选育和特性的初步研究

采用多种方法诱变获得一株新型肌苷产生菌－－产氨短杆菌ＧＭＢＡ－８００,对其生长和发酵条件进行初步研究。肌苷产量从５ｇ／Ｌ提高到１８．４１ｇ／Ｌ,发酵周期从８４ｈ缩短为６３ｈ。菌株遗传性状稳定。     

细菌产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究*

研究了碳源、氮源以及其他因子对木聚糖酶高产菌ＷＬＵＮ０２４（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）产酶的影响,结果表明在麸皮６ｇ／Ｌ、（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ０．８ｇ／Ｌ、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４ ０．４ｇ／Ｌ、接种量５％－１０％的条件下,３７℃培养３６ｈ,其木聚糖酶活力可达６００ＩＵ／ｍＬ。同时研究了在较优条件下该菌的摇瓶产酶曲线。     

改革流加糖工艺提高谷氨酸发酵水平的研究

采用天津短杆菌Ｔ６－１３经多年经后的３２８＾＃菌株,以淀粉糖为糖质材料,生物素亚适量,当发酵残糖约为６０ｇ／Ｌ时,流加糖,效果好。在２００ｍ＾３发酵罐生产中,流加糖浓度分别为３００ｇ／Ｌ和４５０ｇ／Ｌ发酵周期３２小时,平均产酸分别达１０２．３ｇ／Ｌ和１１５ｇ／Ｌ,糖酸转化率５５．５％,提取收率９５．８％;单罐产理论谷氨酸由１６．２４吨提高至１８．２０吨。     

Pullulan production from synthetic medium by a new mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans

Pullulan with different molecular-weight could be applied in various fields. A UV-induced mutagenesis Aureobasidium pullulans UVMU6-1 was obtained from the strain A. pullulans CGMCC3.933 for the production of low-molecular-weight pullulan. First, the obtained polysaccharide from A. pullulans UVMU6-1 was purified and identified to be pullulan with thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, culture medium and conditions for this strain were optimized by flask fermentation. Based on the optimized medium and culture conditions (pH 4, addition of 4?g/L Tween 80 for 96?hr of cultivation), continuously fermentation was performed. The highest pullulan production and dry biomass was 109 and 125?g/L after fermentation for 114?hr, respectively. The average productivity was about 1?g/L/hr, which was intensively higher than the previous reported. This study would lay foundations for the industrial production of pullulan.     

纳豆激酶的发酵工艺研究

以实验室选育的纳豆菌— 6号 (Bacillusnatto 6)为出发菌株 ,研究其固液两种发酵条件对纳豆激酶溶栓活力的影响。研究表明 ,纳豆菌适于固体发酵 ,37℃下 2 4h ,其活力可达 1 60 0IU/g以上。     

一步法产1,3-丙二醇酿酒酵母基因工程菌的构建

1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)是一种重要的化工原料,发酵法生产1,3-PD是一条新颖且具有潜在竞争力的生产途径。本研究在前期工作的基础上,将分别来源于大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的基因片段yqhD和dhaB串联表达,构建重组表达载体pYX212-zeocin-pGAP-yqhD-pGAP-dhaB;并得到重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)W303-1A/pYX212-zeocin-pGAP-yqhD-pGAP-dhaB。该重组菌和对照S.cerevisiae分别以葡萄糖为底物摇瓶发酵72h后,重组酿酒酵母发酵液中1,3-PD含量约为1.5g/L;而对照菌株不产1,3-PD。以上结果表明本研究在国内首次成功构建了直接以葡萄糖为底物发酵生产1,3-PD的酿酒酵母基因工程菌。为进一步将dhaB、yqhD基因导入其他以葡萄糖为底物高产甘油的酵母宿主中表达,获得以葡萄糖为底物一步法发酵高产1,3-丙二醇工程菌打下了坚实的基础。     

Quantitative physiology of Penicillium chrysogenum in penicillin fermentation

Using continuous and fed-batch penicillin fermentation systems some important metabolic parameters have been determined for the purpose of achieving process improvement and better process control. The specific uptake rates determined under the optimal conditions are: 0.33 mmol hexose/g cell/hr, 1.6 mmol oxygen/g cell/hr, 2mg NH₃-nitrogen/g cell/hr, 0.6 mg PO₄-phosphorus/g cell/hr, 2.8 mg SO₄-sulfur/g cell/hr, 1.8 mg phenyl acetic acid/g cell/hr. It was also found that during the production phase, or idiophase, the specific growth rate should be maintained at about 0.015 hr^?1 in order to support the maximum penicillin productivity of the given strain. Based on the results of this study a significant process improvement has been achieved through proper control of the supply and demand of the important nutrients and oxygen.     

Breeding L-arginine-producing strains by a novel mutagenesis method: Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP)

A plasma jet, driven by an active helium atom supplied with an atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) biological breeding system, was used as a novel method to breed L-arginine high-yielding strains. A mutant with resistance to L-homoarginine and 8-azaguaine, ARG 3-15 (L-HA^r, 8-AG^r, L-His^-), was screened after several rounds of screening. The L-arginine production of these mutants was more than that of the original strain, increased by 43.79% for ARG 3-15. Moreover, N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthase activity of these mutants was also increased. After a series of passages, the hereditary properties of these mutants were found to be stable. Interestingly, beet molasses was utilized in a co-feeding fermentation and benefited to increase the productivity by 5.88%. Moreover, the fermentation with 1.0 g/L betaine could produce 9.33% more L-arginine than without betaine. In fed-batch fermentation, C. glutamicum ARG 3-15 began to produce L-arginine at the initial of logarithmic phase, and continuously increased over 24 hr to a final titer of 45.36 ± 0.42 g/L. The L-arginine productivity was 0.571 g/L/hr and the conversion of glucose (α) was 32.4% after 96 hr. These results indicated that C. glutamicum ARG 3-15 is a promising industrial producer.     

Rapid ethanol fermentation of cellulose hydrolysate. I. Batch versus continuous systems

Rapid fermentation of bagasse hydrolysate to ethanol under anaerobic conditions by a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied in batch and continuous cultures at pH 4.0 and 30°C temperature with cell recycle. By using a 23.6 g/liter cell concentration, a concentation of 9.7% (w/v)ethanol was developed in a period of 6 hr. The rate of fermentation was found to increase with supplementation of yeast vitamins in the hydrolysate. In continuous culture employing cell recycle and a 0.127 v/v/m air flow rate, a cell mass concentration of 48.5 g/liter has been achieved. The maximum fermentor productivity of ethanol obtained under these conditions was 32.0 g/liter/hr, which is nearly 7.5 times higher than the normal continuous process without cell recycle and air sparging. The ethanol productivity was found to decrease linearly with ethanol concentration. Conversion of glucose in the hydrolysate to ethanol was achieved with a yield of 95 to 97% of theoretical.     

基因组改组技术选育耐酸性琥珀酸放线杆菌

以琥珀酸产生菌Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC 1593为出发菌,分别经过紫外线-甲基磺酸乙酯(UV-EMS)和紫外线-硫酸二乙酯(UV-DES)诱变处理,得到7株耐酸性有所提高的突变株.以此作为候选菌库,经3轮原生质体递进融合,筛选获得4株可以在pH 5.6下生长的改组菌株.其中改组菌株F3-21在pH 5.6的完全液体培养基中生长的OD值是原始菌的7倍,在pH 5.2条件下仍能生长;其摇瓶发酵48h琥珀酸产量较原始菌株提高48%.在5L发酵罐中进行分批发酵,当控制pH在较低值(5.6～6.0)时,F3-21厌氧发酵48h积累琥珀酸38.1g/L,较出发菌株提高了45%;当控制pH在6.5～7.0时,F3-21厌氧发酵32h积累琥珀酸40.7g/L.F3-21在5L发酵罐中进行补料分批发酵,厌氧发酵72h,产琥珀酸达67.4g/L.结果说明基因组改组技术能够改进琥珀酸放线菌的耐酸性能及其琥珀酸的产量.     

高产琥珀酸菌株的通量筛选

以琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes F3—21为出发菌株,分别用吖啶黄、紫外线、紫外线．硫酸二乙酯和亚硝基胍进行诱变,产生突变菌库。用“96孔板培养－HPLC浓缩检测－厌氧瓶复筛”的模式筛选高产突变株。从1056株突变株中,筛选到一株高产菌株Ⅵ-10-C。连续传代10次,产酸水平不变。在5L发酵罐中补料分批发酵72h,Ⅵ－10－C产琥珀酸87．6g／L,生产强度1．22g/（L·h）,糖酸转化率0．66g／g;琥珀酸产量比出发菌提高了30％。代谢通量与关键酶活性分析表明：相比于F3-21,Ⅵ-10-C发酵过程中从磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸节点处流向草酰乙酸的代谢流量增加了28．9％,相对应的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化激酶（PEPCK）酶活提高了23．5％。结果表明用“96孔板培养-HPLC浓缩检测-厌氧瓶复筛”的模式能快速有效筛选高产琥珀酸菌株。     

Kinetics of growth and ethanol production on different carbon substrates using genetically engineered xylose-fermenting yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST) strain was used for fermentation of glucose and xylose. Growth kinetics and ethanol productivity were calculated for batch fermentation on media containing different combinations of glucose and xylose to give a final sugar concentration of 20+/-0.8 g/L. Growth rates obtained in pure xylose-based medium were less than those for media containing pure glucose and glucose-xylose mixtures. A maximum specific growth rate micro(max) of 0.291 h(-1) was obtained in YPD medium containing 20 g/L glucose as compared to 0.206 h(-1) in YPX medium containing 20 g/L xylose. In media containing combinations of glucose and xylose, glucose was exhausted first followed by xylose. Ethanol production on pure xylose entered log phase during the 12-24h period as compared to the 4-10h for pure glucose based medium using 2% inoculum. When glucose was added to fermentation flasks which had been initiated on a pure xylose-based medium, the rate of xylose usage was reduced indicating cosubstrate inhibition of xylose consumption by glucose.