共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 118 毫秒
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根据1997年3月—1998年2月在梁子湖取得的672尾乌鳢标本研究了其种群动态及最大持续渔获量。用鳞片鉴定年龄,鳞径与体长的关系为L=2.7683 9.0184S;体长与体重的关系为W=0.0126L~(3.0197),体长与体重的von Bertalanffy生长方程为:L_t=81.03×[1-e~(-0.1755(t 0.5690))];W_t=7310×[1-e~(-0.1755(t 0.5690))]~(3.0197)。种群的年总死亡率为0.5232,自然死亡率为0.3049,捕捞死亡率为0.2182。通过比较各种捕捞强度和最小捕捞规格的不同的总渔获量和群体的相对数量,提出获得持续渔获量的捕捞强度F=0.40和最小捕捞年龄t_c=4。 相似文献
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格氏栲种群数量动态的谱分析研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
运用谱分析数学方法,研究分析格氏栲林格氏栲种群动态规律.结果表明:格氏栲种群数量动态的周期波动性是明显的,与格氏栲天然更新过程有关;不同生境、人为干扰均对辂氏栲种群数量动态的波动产生影响;格氏栲生长量的周期波动与其种群数量动态的周期波动特征基本一致,表明格氏栲种群数量动态呈周期波浪式发展,即表征格氏栲林优势种群的稳定性。 相似文献
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山东赤松种群的数量动态 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
通过静态生命表分析赤松(Pinus densiflora Sieb.et Zucc.)种群的生命结构与数量动态。结果表明,赤松种群具有不同年龄等级结构,死亡高峰出现在5~15年,此时正是幼龄期向成年期的过渡阶段,度过此阶段的赤松个体大多能达到生理寿命。由此看出,赤松种群静态生命表能较精确地反映赤松种群的数量动态规律。 相似文献
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大头茶构件种群生物量及叶面积动态 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
对大头茶纯林构件种群的生物量和叶面积动态研究表明:各构件种群生物量和叶面积动态都可用logistic方程描述。但各具特殊性。(1)叶生物量和叶面积动态用幂函数方程和logistic方程都可较好地拟合,图呈平放的倒“S”形;(2)根、叶、枝、芽生物量及叶面积的增长在停滞以后又会随条件变化重新开始,直至停滞。可能为螺旋形的Logistic增长,与个体和茎生物量增长传统的“S”形曲线不同;(3)枝和茎生物量内禀增长率较大,占总体比率持续上升:根所占比率基本保持不变:叶和芽内禀增长率较小,占总体比率不断下降。叶的下降与枝、茎的上升之间呈二元线性相关(P<0.01)。表明植物体对各构件生物量投资的不均衡性,重点偏斜于枝,其次是茎。 相似文献
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斑苦竹(Pleioblastus maculata)无性系种群的数量和年龄结构动态 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
依据Harper(1977)提出的构件生物种群理论,将源于同一地下根茎的每一竹子个构件。把斑苦竹竹子构件无性系种各的生活史小循环划分为8个阶段,用Leslie矩阵表 预测了四川晋云山该种群的数量和年龄结构变化趋势。结果表明,用Leslie矩阵来预测靠无性繁殖来扩大种群数量的竹类植物的年龄结构和数量动态,具有较高的可靠性。 相似文献
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青檀是我国特有的珍稀濒危植物,为了更好地了解该种群数量动态,保护该种群持续稳定发展,在山西灵丘青檀自然保护区内采用样方法调查了青檀种群,编制种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线,死亡率曲线和消失率曲线,引入生存函数,运用种群动态量化分析方法对种群动态变化进行分析。结果表明:种群数量变化动态指数大于零,种群属于增长型,但种群在发展过程中存在波动性;存活曲线拟合结果表明种群趋于DeeveyⅡ型。种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,在第3龄级出现高峰。生存率和累计死亡率曲线在前期变化幅度较大,后期两曲线变化趋于平缓;死亡密度前期高于后期,而危险率随着龄级的增加不断增大。 相似文献
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安徽皇藏峪自然保护区青檀种群数量动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据野外调查资料编制皇藏峪自然保护区不同生境青檀种群的静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线以及4个生存函数曲线,分析种群数量特征。同时,结合种群动态量化方法和时间序列预测模型,分析种群数量动态变化。结果表明:1)不同生境青檀种群径级结构大体呈金字塔型,中、幼龄阶段个体数量丰富,老龄阶段个体数量相对较少,种群在发育过程中存在一定波动性,但种群数量变化动态指数Vpi和Vpi’(考虑外部干扰时)均大于零。种群属稳定增长型。2)不同生境青檀种群在幼龄阶段死亡率较高,随着龄级的增加,死亡率逐渐降低。进入生理衰老阶段时,阳坡、阴坡种群死亡率再次上升,而坡谷种群由于老龄个体受到较好保护,死亡率略有下降。3)不同生境存活曲线存在差异,阳坡、阴坡种群趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,坡谷种群趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型。4)生存分析表明,阳坡、阴坡种群具有前期锐减、中期稳定、后期衰退的特点;坡谷种群表现为前期锐减、中后期稳定的特点。5)在未来2年、5年中,不同生境青檀种群呈增长趋势。 相似文献
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梁子湖优势沉水植物冬季种子库的初步研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
初步研究了梁子湖6种优势沉水植物如黄丝草、金鱼藻、菹草、黑藻、苦草和穗状狐尾藻等在冬季的广义种子库(种子、芽苞、断枝等),包括它们的繁殖特性、种子在小、结构及萌发时的衰减曲线等问题,主要结果为:(1)在梁子湖不同区域内,种子库大小不相同,满江湖、前江大湖、中湖和管理局网围内种子库分别为714.4粒/m^2、107.5粒/m^2、331.9粒/m^2和159.3粒/m^2。种子库的大小受到现实的种群数量、投鱼强度、人类干扰等因素的影响。(2)黄丝草、金鱼藻、菹草种九的种子库占有明显优势,全湖平均分别为198.8粒/m^2、91.7粒/m^2和21.4粒/m^2。(3)每一种植物种群广义种子库的构成和比例具有差异,金鱼藻、菹草、苦草、黑藻四种植物种子库中,无性繁殖体占有主要的地位;黄丝草、穗状狐尾藻两种植物种子库中,种子占有很大的比例,上述六种植物均可用种子和无性繁殖体来产生幼苗,补充到肿群中去。(4)种子库一般存在冬季休眠(菹草为夏眠),春季种子库萌发,尤其在3月和4月是种子库萌发的高峰期。 相似文献
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竹叶眼子菜种子的萌发实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)是长江中下游湖泊沉水植被中的优势种,在野外条件下主要依靠断枝繁殖,很少发现它的实生苗。在实验条件下对竹叶眼子菜进行了种子萌发研究,探讨了萌发基质、温度和光暗周期以及冷藏时间对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,干藏3个月后未处理种皮的种子发芽率极低,撕破种皮后显著地提高了种子发芽率。在水基质条件下,25℃最适宜竹叶眼子菜的萌发,光暗周期对种子发芽率有显著影响。冷藏6个月的种子发芽率最高,8个月时发芽率显著降低,表明竹叶眼子菜的种子不耐贮藏。还讨论了竹叶眼子菜种子休眠与萌发机制的生态学意义。 相似文献
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A restoration program for the control of cyanobacterial blooms and the re-establishment of submerged macrophytes was conducted in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu since 2003. The effect of this ecological projects on plankton community and water quality, and factors regulating phytoplankton community were investigated in 2005. In general, some improvements of water quality occurred in the ecological restoration region, especially in the region of restoring aquatic macrophytes, where we detected significant reduction of nutrients. However, it seems the abundance of phytoplankton cannot be effectively control by the present ecological engineering. The phytoplankton abundance was high in the target restoration zone. Results of CCA and correlation analysis indicate that the phytoplankton community was mainly controlled by physico-chemical factors. Cyanobacteria species were positively related with pH, temperature, TP and TSS, while negatively related with TN, TN/TP and conductivity. The most discriminant variable was TN/TP, which explained 15% of the total variance of phytoplankton. However, TN was more important for the fluctuation of TN/TP than TP. It suggested that TN may be the ultimate factor controlling the phytoplankton community in Lake Taihu. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the pure contribution of crustacean was low for the variation of phytoplankton, suggesting that top-down control by crustacean zooplankton was weak in Lake Taihu. In general, this study suggested the reduction of nutrient load should be more important than top-down control using zooplankton for the ecosystem restoration in Lake Taihu. 相似文献
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《Fungal Ecology》2019
Anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes) play an important role in fermenting lignin-rich plant biomass into sugars in the rumen of animals, representing a very promising enzyme resource to contribute to the conversion of plant biomass into biofuels. However, current studies about their functions mainly focus on limited species, and little is known about the coordination of different members of the anaerobic fungi in the digestion process of plant fibres. In this study, the community composition of anaerobic fungi in the rumens of yaks at five different time points (1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 24 h after feeding wheat straw) was investigated employing a cultivation-independent method using ITS clone libraries. Comparison of five pairs of primers showed that PCR primer sets could have clear amplification bias and therefore potentially affect the interpretation of the resulting fungal community structure; then two primer sets GM1/MNGM2 and ITS1/ITS4 were selected. Among the 398 sequences from 10 clone libraries, 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Neocallimastigomycetes were obtained, covering five known genera and one yet uncultured lineage. OTUs belonging to the bulbous-type morphotype (Caecomyces- or Cyllamyces-related) and the rhizoidal genus Neocallimastix were abundant and predominantly present, representing 62.7% and 19.3% OTUs respectively. In all the later samples taken from 3 h to 24 Neocallimastigomycetes h after feeding, a relatively stable community composition was revealed: members of Neocallimastix increased to represent 43.4–49.4% and the bulbous-type morphotype declined to represent 39.5–42.7%. This implies a substantial turnover and synergy between bulbous and rhizoidal morphotypes of anaerobic fungi during the process of fibre digestion. Our study provided the first insight into the in vivo temporal change in the anaerobic fungal community, and the role of Neocallimastigomycetes with a bulbous morphotype in the degradation of plant cell wall in the yak rumen. 相似文献
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天童国家森林公园废弃采石场植被自然恢复早期阶段的种群动态及生物量的研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
对天童国家森林公园废弃采石场植被自然恢复早期阶段的种群动态及生物量研究表明,采石废弃地植被自然恢复早期阶段的群落种类组成非常简单,只有木荷、马尾松两个种;两种群的密度动态趋势为先升后降,最大密度分别出现在3 龄、4 龄;马尾松地上部分生长速度明显高于木荷;群落中马尾松总生物量是木荷的12 倍多,木荷分配到叶和根中的生物量比例高于马尾松,而马尾松分配到茎中的比例高于木荷.这说明在采石迹地早期演替阶段马尾松以快速生长方式在竞争中处于优势地位.对采石迹地和砍伐迹地演替早期阶段的群落特性进行了比较,并对植被有效恢复进行了讨论 相似文献
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繁殖是影响水生植物生存竞争、分布以及群落结构动态变化的关键因素。通过野外观察和室内试验,较详细地介绍了蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)的繁殖策略。研究结果表明:蓖齿眼子菜有性繁殖中具有水表和水下气泡两种传粉方式;种子发生量较大,但种子发芽率低,不到6%,种子繁殖对种群恢复贡献不大,其主要作用在于远程传播和保持持久的种子库。蓖齿眼子菜具有广泛而高效的无性繁殖系统,可以通过断株、根状茎、地上块茎、地下块茎、地上茎节以及叶腋基部进行繁殖,其中最重要的是地下块茎和根状茎,次年种群恢复主要来自于地下块茎和根状茎。此外,对采用蓖齿眼子菜进行沉水植被恢复与重建提出了建议。 相似文献
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High phenotypic plasticity has been hypothesized to affect the invasiveness of plants, as high plasticity may enlarge the breath of environments in which the plants can survive and reproduce. Here we compare the phenotypic plasticity of invasive and non-invasive populations of the same species in response to growth temperature. Populations of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum from New Zealand, where the species is introduced and invasive, and from Denmark, where the species is native and non-invasive, were grown in a common garden setup at temperatures of 12, 18, 25 and 35 °C. We hypothesized that the phenotypic plasticity in fitness-related traits like growth and photosynthesis were higher in the invasive than in the non-invasive population. The invasive population acclimated to elevated temperatures through increased rates of photosynthesis (range: Pamb: 8-452 μmol O2 g−1 DM h−1) and relative growth rates (range: 0.01-0.05 d−1) and associated regulations in the photosynthetic machinery. The non-invasive population had a lower acclimation potential (range: Pamb: 43-173 μmol O2 g−1 DM h−1; RGR: 0.01-0.03 d−1), but was better at acclimating to cooler conditions by regulation of the light-harvesting complex. Hence, the invasive population of C. demersum from New Zealand had higher phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature than the non-invasive Danish population. This might be the result of genetic evolution since its introduction to New Zealand five decades ago, but further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. The study also indicate, that the global increase in temperature may exacerbate the problems experienced with the invasive C. demersum in New Zealand, as the performance and fitness of this population appear to be favoured at elevated temperatures. 相似文献
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水体无机碳条件对常见沉水植物生长和生理的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解水华引起的水体无机碳变化对沉水植物生长的影响,对8种沉水植物:金鱼藻、穗花狐尾藻、篦齿眼子菜、光叶眼子菜、微齿眼子菜、伊乐藻、菹草和黑藻在不同无机碳浓度下的生物量、株高、叶绿素以及光合和呼吸速率进行了比较研究.结果表明8种沉水植物均能利用HCO3-作为光合无机碳源,在1.5 mmoL/L外源HCO3-浓度下能促进金鱼藻、菹草和伊乐藻的生长,提高其光合速率;在2.5 mmol/L外源HCO3-浓度下能促进狐尾藻、光叶眼子菜、黑藻、微齿眼子菜和蓖齿眼子菜的生长,提高其光合速率.在CO32-为优势碳源时,8种沉水植物表现出不同的适应性,发现微齿眼子菜、篦齿眼子菜和黑藻在整个实验范围内生长未受抑制,且在不同浓度下表现生长和光合速率的促进,说明这三种沉水植物对[HCO3-]/[CO32-]比值和pH具有较广适应范围.而当CO32-成为优势碳源时,金鱼藻和伊乐藻的生长受到抑制,狐尾藻、菹草和光叶眼子菜均死亡,表明[HCO3-]/[CO32-]比值和pH是这5种沉水植物生长的重要限制因子. 相似文献
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沉水植物分布格局对湖泊水环境N、P因子影响 总被引:16,自引:4,他引:16
利用实地调查数据模拟保安湖沉水植物分布及水环境生态因子场。应用GIS空间分析功能 ,分别空间选取四种优势沉水植物 (金鱼藻CeratophyllumdemersumL .,穗状狐尾藻MyriophyllumspicatumL .,微齿眼子菜PotamogetonmaackianusA .Benn .,及苦草VallisneriaspiralisL .)的分布水域及无沉水植物分布水域的局部生态因子场。根据得到的局部因子场特征 ,比较分析不同水生植物分布格局对水环境中N、P因子的影响。结果显示四种沉水植物的分布对水环境中N、P因子均有显著影响 ,但效果和强度有所差异。四种植物各自分布水域内的N、P因子的平均浓度分别为 ,总氮 (TN) :穗状狐尾藻 (0 .774mg·L- 1 ) >苦草 (0 .71 4mg·L- 1 ) >金鱼藻 (0 .70 1mg·L- 1 ) >微齿眼子菜(0 .695mg·L- 1 ) ;总磷 (TP)平均含量 :穗状狐尾藻 (0 .1 2 3mg·L- 1 ) >微齿眼子菜 (0 .1 1 8mg·L- 1 ) >金鱼藻 (0 .1 0 7mg·L- 1 ) >苦草 (0 .0 79mg·L- 1 )。结果同时表明金鱼藻、微齿眼子菜和苦草对水中TN含量无显著影响 ,而穗状狐尾藻则明显可以提高水中TN水平。四种沉水植物均能有效吸收水中的P ,从而降低水中的TP含量。综合比较发现 ,穗状狐尾藻分布可以加重水体的营养程度 相似文献