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1.
青藏高原高寒草甸区铁路工程迹地植被恢复过程的种间关联性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究大型工程建设对脆弱生态系统的影响,以青藏高原高寒草甸区铁路工程迹地植被为对象,分别在青藏铁路建设期(2005年8月)、运行期(2009年8月、2013年8月)对工程迹地进行了3次植被群落调查,样地大小10m×40m,在此基础上利用种间关联性分析的方法,通过对群落特征的方差比率(VR)检验、χ~2检验和Spearman秩相关系数检验,来探讨群落物种总体关联性和主要种种对间关联性。结果显示:(1)2005年群落平均盖度(35.21±4.41)%,群落内共有物种71种,2009年群落平均盖度(33.42±3.01)%,共有物种78种,2013年群落平均盖度(43.41±3.26)%,共有物种85种。(2)对群落物种总体关联性检验发现群落物种总体关联性均表现为显著正相关,关联程度排列为VR_(2005)VR_(2009)VR_(2013),群落趋向松散,抗干扰能力弱。(3)对群落主要物种种对间关联性检验发现成对物种间的正、负联结比例总体呈下降趋势,并且达到显著或极显著的种对数百分比也呈下降趋势,群落内物种间联结强度逐渐降低。(4)在高寒草甸区工程迹地植被恢复8a时间里,部分相同种对之间的关联程度发生变化,中生或者湿生植物减少,耐旱植物种类增加,表明铁路沿线由于生境小气候干旱化和土壤紧实度增加,群落组成发生适应性改变,群落处于从逆向演替向正向演替的过渡阶段,应尽量降低放牧等二次干扰,加速其自然恢复进程。研究旨为探索青藏铁路工程迹地植被恢复规律提供参考。 相似文献
2.
长株潭城市群生态绿心地区地处南方红壤丘陵区的中心地带, 植被区划上属中亚热带常绿阔叶林北部植被亚地带。该区植被以次生林为主, 植被类型复杂多样, 在南方红壤丘陵区现状植被中具有典型代表性, 可为区域植被演替动态和植被恢复研究提供良好的平台。该研究采用统一、规范的方法设置了50个样方, 对区内主要植被类型的物种组成、数量特征、生境信息等进行调查。计算乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种重要值, 运用《中国植被志》编研规范进行植被类型划分和命名, 描述群落物种组成和特征, 并提供10个植被型、22个群系、33个群丛共50个样方的原始数据, 包括森林样方43个, 灌丛样方5个, 草地样方1个, 沼泽样方1个。 相似文献
3.
米心水青冈林人工林窗植被的早期恢复特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了神农架太阳坪米心水青冈林内人为林窗的早期植被恢复和生境动态特征。通过对不同坡向、年龄林窗内和原生林下植物的物种多样性、生态优势度、共有种、群落间相似性、及样方物种的生活型谱和适宜生境等方面加以分析和对比,得出的初步结果表明:1.林窗所处的坡向对其中的恢复植被的物种构成和群落结构有突出的影响;2.在恢复早期,林窗中的物种多样性和生态优势度指教同时增长;3.适宜于中生性和阳性生境的落叶乔木、灌木和多年生草本种在早期恢复中占有明显的优势;更新种源以林窗内原来存在的繁殖体库为主,外来种侵入影响滞后. 相似文献
4.
为评估皆伐迹地地表苔藓组成与特点,同时为苔藓生物多样性的保护与恢复提供理论依据,作者于2006年7–10月调查了四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州地区壤塘二林场云杉(Picealikiangensis var.rubescens)林皆伐迹地自然恢复过程中苔藓植物和维管植物的组成和结构;采用方差分析法对苔藓层结构参数进行差异性检验,对苔藓层结构参数和环境因子作非参数Spearman相关性分析,并对显著性因子进行回归分析。结果表明:(1)在9–27年植被自然恢复过程中,不同阶段苔藓植物群落优势物种组成发生了更替。一些个体较小、易产生孢子、喜阳、抗干扰的顶蒴藓物种侵入并占据优势;而一些出现于早期采伐迹地、喜湿、对环境变化较敏感的侧蒴藓物种消失。(2)随着迹地植被自然恢复,苔藓植物群落物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体上呈下降趋势;迹地上样方间苔藓层盖度和生物量波动较大,但随着自然恢复进程而迅速减少,群落结构趋向简单化;(3)维管植物发育程度与苔藓层发育关系密切;草本层生物量对苔藓盖度和种丰富度起主导作用,草本层高度是对苔藓生物量有显著影响的主导因子。综合分析表明,早期采伐迹地的自然恢复进程中由维管植物群落结构变化导致的生境差异对苔藓植物发育影响较大。 相似文献
5.
Community characteristics of main vegetation types in the ecological “green-core” area of Changzhutan urban cluster
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《植物生态学报》2021,44(12):1296
长株潭城市群生态绿心地区地处南方红壤丘陵区的中心地带, 植被区划上属中亚热带常绿阔叶林北部植被亚地带。该区植被以次生林为主, 植被类型复杂多样, 在南方红壤丘陵区现状植被中具有典型代表性, 可为区域植被演替动态和植被恢复研究提供良好的平台。该研究采用统一、规范的方法设置了50个样方, 对区内主要植被类型的物种组成、数量特征、生境信息等进行调查。计算乔木层、灌木层和草本层物种重要值, 运用《中国植被志》编研规范进行植被类型划分和命名, 描述群落物种组成和特征, 并提供10个植被型、22个群系、33个群丛共50个样方的原始数据, 包括森林样方43个, 灌丛样方5个, 草地样方1个, 沼泽样方1个。 相似文献
6.
黄河三角洲滨海草甸与土壤因子的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
黄河三角洲滨海草甸群落的分布和变化与土壤因子密切相关。于2010年6月对黄河三角洲的草甸植被进行了样方调查,并对土壤进行了取样分析。在所调查的67个草本样方中,共出现52种植物。利用典范对应分析(CCA)分析了9种土壤因子与草甸群落分布的关系,结果显示,前两轴总共解释了物种-环境关系方差的46.4%,土壤含水率和电导率对群落分布的影响最大。双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)将67个样方分为7种群落类型,将其标示在CCA排序图上后,沿第一轴分成三大类群:盐地碱蓬群落→芦苇-盐地碱蓬群落→其他草甸群落,这反映了黄河三角洲滨海草甸群落在盐分梯度上的演替规律。相关分析显示,物种多样性指数与土壤电导率、速效钾和速效磷呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与pH值呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。解释了黄河三角洲滨海草甸群落与土壤因子的关系和变化规律,对黄河三角洲植被保护和恢复有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
热带次生林、旱稻种植地和火烧迹地土壤节肢动物群落结构特征及季节变化 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过模拟刀耕火种过程 ,对刀耕火种前后的次生林、旱稻地 (第 2年 )和火烧迹地 (火烧后直接撂荒地第 2年 )土壤节肢动物群落结构特征及季节变化进行了调查研究。结果显示 :3块样地土壤节肢动物群落的优势类群组成相同 ,均为蜱螨目、膜翅目和弹尾目 ,但不同生境样地中各优势类群所占群落总数的比例不同 ,并且 3样地常见和稀有类群的组成差异较大 ;土壤节肢动物类群数、个体数和 DG多样性指数表现为次生林高于其它 2块样地 ,而旱稻地和火烧迹地则无较大差异 ,但一些类群在旱稻地、火烧迹地的数量分布与次生林具有差异 ,且在土壤层的表现较为突出 ;3块样地土壤节肢动物群落具有较好相似性 ,其中旱稻地与火烧迹地达到极相似水平 (D、DS>0 .9)。3种不同类型生境土壤节肢动物群落在类群数、个体数和多样性指数的季节变化总体呈现出雨量少的干季或雨季初末期高于雨量最大的雨季中期 ,与当地降雨量和气温变化有密切关系 ,同时各样地土壤节肢动物群落因生境条件不同及人为活动干扰强弱而形成各自的季节消长特点。研究表明刀耕火种后的旱稻种植对土壤节肢动物群落的恢复和发展在一定限制条件 (面积、周围次生林和坡度 )下无破坏性影响 ,但植被改变、农事活动等对直接撂荒地和旱稻地土壤节肢动物群落的季节消长产生 相似文献
8.
本文研究了杨树清理1、2年后迹地的土壤种子库结构、多样性及其与地上植被和土壤因子的关系,并以未清理杨树洲滩为对照,探讨洞庭湖杨树清理迹地土壤种子库在植被自然恢复中的潜力。结果表明: 研究样地土壤种子库萌发出的植物种子分属23科59属65种,各样地土壤种子库密度和物种数大小为:1年迹地(11810粒·m-2,49种)>2年迹地(9686粒·m-2,44种)>对照(6735粒·m-2,29种)。与未清理洲滩相比,清理迹地土壤种子库与地上植被多年生中生和湿生植物物种多样性和相似性系数增加,土壤含水率和养分含量升高,pH值降低。土壤含水率和有机质与水蓼等湿生植物分布的关系密切,全钾和全磷对虉草等多年生植物分布的影响较大。在杨树清理迹地自然恢复过程中,随着土壤理化性质的变化,土壤种子库的物种数目和密度显著增加,以致地上植被物种多样性升高,因此,土壤种子库成为迹地湿地植被恢复的重要繁殖体来源。 相似文献
9.
甘肃省徽县不同退耕还林模式下土壤纤毛虫群落特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解土壤纤毛虫群落对退耕还林生态恢复的响应且将其作为评价生态恢复效果的重要参数,采用"非淹没培养皿法"、活体观察法和培养直接计数法对甘肃省陇南市徽县退耕还林区3个不同退还林型样点和1个撂荒地(对照)样点的土壤纤毛虫群落特征、植被群落特征和土壤理化指标进行了研究。结果显示:共鉴定土壤纤毛虫127种,隶属于9纲18目28科47属,恢复样点的土壤纤毛虫物种数、密度和物种多样性指数均显著高于对照样点;优势类群由对照样点的肾形目(Colpodida)演替为恢复样点的散毛目(Sporadotrichida),即随着退耕还林工程的进行,纤毛虫群落趋于复杂化。相关性分析显示,土壤纤毛虫群落与地上植被关系密切,且含水量、有机质、全氮和电导率为影响土壤纤毛虫群落组成的主导因子。该结果表明,退耕还林后,植被逐渐恢复,土壤理化因子发生变化,土壤纤毛虫群落对生态环境的恢复做出了积极的响应,因此土壤纤毛虫群落特征参数可以作为评价退耕还林效果的重要指标。 相似文献
10.
卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复过程研究 总被引:26,自引:12,他引:14
保护与恢复生境是有效保护大熊猫的重要途径,通过样方调查法研究了卧龙自然保护区大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)恢复生境的群落结构特征,共调查了原始生境、20世纪20一30年代砍伐后自然恢复生境、40一50年代砍伐后自然恢复生境、70年代以后自然恢复生境以及60一70年代人工林等5个生境类型,21个样方。研究结果表明:各生境类型的物种丰富度、物种多样性、植株数(高度>5m)、乔木层的平均胸径和最大平均胸径,以及大熊猫的生境成熟度都存在显著差异,竹子的生物量及更新能力也有一定差异。人工林与原始生境的群落相似性低于其他自然恢复生境与原始生境的群落相似性。研究发现,大熊猫生境恢复包括大熊猫可食竹类资源的恢复以及生境群落结构的恢复。可食竹类资源恢复所需时间相对较短,仅需约20一30a;生境的植物群落结构的恢复则要长的多,一般恢复时间50a左右才能成为大熊猫的适宜生境,恢复时间为70一80a的生境与原始生境的群落结构已十分接近。通过人工造林恢复生境,无论从竹子资源的恢复,还是从植物群落结构的恢复方面,均不是一种有效地恢复大熊猫生境的方式。 相似文献
11.
以广东南澳岛的1个草坡、4个人工林和3个次生林群落为对象,采用时空互代的方法,将这8个群落当作植被恢复中的不同阶段,研究各群落的群落结构、生物量、叶面积指数和土壤养分等,进而研究了南澳岛退化生态系统植被恢复的过程和机理。随着植被的恢复进程,群落的阳性种类逐渐减少,中生性种类逐渐增加。物种多样性、均匀度、生态优势度和β多样性指数分析表明南澳岛植被恢复过程群落组成结构的复杂性依退化草坡→人工林→次生林逐渐增加。南澳岛退化草坡、10年生人工林、15年生人工林和次生林的生物量分别为4.81t·hm-2、45.18t·hm-2、100.39t·hm-2和88.34t·hm-2,叶面积指数分别为1.04、3.81、5.89和6.52,凋落物贮量分别为0.42t·hm-2、3.20t·hm-2、3.70t·hm-2和4.90t·hm-2。南澳岛植被恢复过程中土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷和交换性K含量逐渐增加。由于海岛的生境、大风和暴雨的影响,海岛植被恢复的格局不同于大陆,而其恢复速度也较慢。根据本研究结果,提出了人工促进海岛植被恢复的途径。 相似文献
12.
Potential replacement vegetation: an approach to vegetation mapping of cultural landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Milan Chytrý 《应用植被学》1998,1(2):177-188
Abstract. The concept of mapping potential replacement vegetation (PRV) is proposed as a parallel to potential natural vegetation (PNV). Potential replacement vegetation (PRV) is an abstract and hypothetical vegetation which is in balance with climatic and soil factors currently affecting a given habitat, with environmental factors influencing the habitat from outside such as air pollution, and with an abstract anthropogenic influence (management) of given type, frequency and intensity. For every habitat, there is a series of possible PRV-types corresponding to the different anthropogenic influences, e.g. grazing, mowing, trampling or growing cereals. The PRV-concept is especially useful in large-scale mapping (scales > 1 : 25 000) of small areas where replacement vegetation is the focus of attention for managers and land-use planners, for example in nature reserves where the aim is conservation of replacement vegetation managed in a traditional way, or in restoration ecology where the concept may be used for defining restoration goals and evaluating the success of restoration efforts. At smaller scales, PRV-mapping may be useful for revealing the biogeographical patterns of larger areas which may be different from the corresponding PNV patterns, because replacement vegetation and natural vegetation may respond to environmental gradients at different scales. An example of medium-scale PRV-mapping through the coincidence of diagnostic species of vegetation types, based on species distribution grid data, is presented. In cultural landscapes, the advantage of using the PRV-concept instead of PNV is its direct relationship to the replacement vegetation. In the habitat mapping with respect to the replacement vegetation, the PRV concept yields more valuable results than the mapping of actual vegetation, as the latter is strongly affected by spatially variable anthropogenic influences which may be largely independent from climatic and soil factors. 相似文献
13.
以毛乌素沙地景观不同尺度和生境中的植被盖度、植物物种数、土壤有机碳和全氮含量的空间格局和相互关系进行了研究。结果表明:不同尺度和生境中的植被盖度与植物物种数之间,以及土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量之间都具有显著的相关。在50-5000m的尺度上,植被盖度与植物物种数之间,以及土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量之间具有相似的空间格局,但植被特征(植被盖度与植物物种数)与土壤特征(土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量)具有不同的空间变化格局,两者之间没有显著的相关关系;在小于50m的尺度上,固定沙丘中的植物物种数与土壤有机碳和全氮含量之间具有显著的正相关,半固定水丘中的植物物种数与土壤有机碳含量具有显著的负相关。这说明,在小于50m的尺度上土壤有机碳和全氮含量格局制约了植被格局,但在50-5000m的尺度上却没有。这一研究表明植被与土壤之间的相互关系依赖于不同的空间尺度。 相似文献
14.
Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Long-term monitoring is essential to evaluate the effects of wetland restoration projects. A monitoring program before and after restoration has been carried out in the study area located in the Yellow River Delta since 2001. Water quality, soil salinity, soil organic matter, plant community, and bird species were chosen as indicators in this program. During the past seven years, the restored wetland showed increasing efficiency in reducing water pollution levels. Soil quality was constantly improved through salinity reduction and soil organic matter accumulation. The vegetation community quickly re-established after the restoration was initiated in 2002. The restored vegetation communities provide favorable habitat conditions for birds and thirty-seven bird species were observed in October 2007. Based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), plant species and vegetation community are mainly influenced by soil salinity and water depth. These indicate that conducting freshwater to the project area is an efficient measure for vegetation restoration. While monitoring results show that the restoration project had positive effects on the wetland ecosystem over the past seven years, two issues remain for future study: (1) the contribution of harvesting vegetation to stabilizing nutrient removal rate and the accumulation of soil organic matter in the soil; and (2) the effects of excessive propagation of Phragmites australis on spatial heterogeneity and plant diversity. 相似文献
15.
Phytosociological parameters, soil and temperature conditions, importance values of species, life form, leaf size and grass biomass in vegetation of Pirghar Hills, South Waziristan Agency, Pakistan, were investigated during summer 1995. The air and soil temperatures were higher on south facing slopes which decreased with increase in altitude.The vegetation, life form and leaf size of south and north slopes differed at similaraltitudes. Leptophyllous species increased with the rise in altitude. The fresh herbage production was 500 g m-2 at 2000 m on north slope which gradually decreased to 170 g m-2 at the hill top. A similar trend was observed for the south slope which had higher productivity than comparable north slope. The original woody species are present on the hills as isolated individuals due to degradation. There is need for restoration of the habitat. 相似文献
16.
The Upper Min River (UMR) watershed, with an area of 23,000 km2 in the Upper Yangtze basin in Sichuan province, is ecologically and environmentally fragile. This situation is due to natural catastrophes and increasing anthropogenic disturbance. Forest cover has decreased dramatically, especially along the main Min River. Restoration of the vegetation in a watershed needs to consider the natural vegetation distribution and dynamics. In the UMR watershed, 625 sample plots were randomly placed to study the soil types, current vegetation distribution, vegetation dynamics, afforestation, and potential tree species for restoration. We investigated the relationship between vegetation types and soil orders, predicted the percentages of potential tree species for forest landscape restoration using logistic regression, identified priority areas for rapid restoration, and pinpointed areas for forest restoration where low precipitation is a constraint. The results showed that the vegetation types were well correlated with soil orders, and the latter could be used to deduce the potential vegetation for areas of degraded secondary forest. Priority areas for rapid restoration were demonstrated, and the difficult areas with precipitation as a limiting factor for vegetation restoration were specified. Suitable tree species were suggested for restoration on different soil orders at different elevations. 相似文献
17.
太行山南麓山区不同植被恢复类型土壤理化和细根结构特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
在干旱半干旱地区,由于水分匮乏、土壤贫瘠等因素,将形成一定的裸地斑块,而这些斑块极易造成水土流失、滑坡等灾害,而具有不同植被覆盖的林地则能有效的保持水土。为完善干旱半干旱地区不同植被恢复类型下土壤理化和细根特征,选择太行山南麓山区具有代表性的裸露地、草地、荆条地、侧柏地、栓皮地和刺槐地等植被恢复类型,比较了各植被恢复类型下的土壤养分、粒径及细根状况等差异。研究表明:1)相对于裸露地,有植被覆盖的植被恢复类型拥有良好的土壤及细根状况。2)在不同植被类型中,刺槐林的有效氮转化速率较高;侧柏林有较高的细根参数;草地能够提高土壤中可吸收的磷组分。3)林地类型和土层均对土壤中含水率、黏粒、细根生物量和比根长产生极显著影响(P0.001)。4)各植被类型的对于土壤斑块的利用能力不同;不同植被类型中土壤及细根状况变化量具有一定的相似性,研究为生态恢复中植被类型的合理布局提供了新思路。 相似文献
18.
Soil seed bank in different vegetation types in the Loess Plateau region and its role in vegetation restoration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the Loess Plateau region, soil erosion is a serious problem. Vegetation restoration is an effective approach to control soil erosion and improve ecosystems. The soil seed bank generally plays an important role in vegetation restoration after disturbance. Thus, we reviewed soil seed bank studies to reveal the soil seed bank characteristics and its role in vegetation restoration in three vegetation types (forest, forest‐steppe, and steppe). We selected 38 seed bank studies and analyzed several seed bank characteristics, such as seed density, species composition, and the relationship between seed size and seed bank. We also assessed the role of the soil seed bank in vegetation restoration. The soil seed bank density ranged from 2,331 ± 1,993 to 6,985 ± 4,047 seeds/m2 among the different vegetation types. In the soil seed bank, perennial herbs and grasses accounted for 51.5% of the total species. Native species that were dominant or common in the standing vegetation usually had relatively high seed bank densities. Moreover, species with smaller seeds generally had higher soil seed bank densities. The present study indicates that the soil seed bank plays a significant role in spontaneous vegetation restoration, especially during the early successional stages in abandoned slope farmlands and grazing‐excluded grasslands. However, species with large seeds or transient soil seed banks should be reintroduced through seeding to accelerate target species restoration. More studies on soil seed banks need to be conducted to comprehensively reveal their characteristics. 相似文献
19.
根据近几年塔里木河中下游地区的大量监测结果,分析了不同地下水位对植被的影响。结果显示:1)在塔里木河中下游,地下水位与植被盖度和植物种类的回归模型分别可以表示为:Y=159.32e-0.314 8X,R2=0.819 3, p<0.01;Y=9.113e-0.162 3X,R2=0.606 7, p<0.01。2)地下水位对植被的影响在很大程度上是通过改变土壤含水率来实现的,当地下水位在1~4 m时,其回归模型为:Y=64.898e-0.515X,R2=0.727,p<0.01;当地下水位在4~12 m时,Y=21.147e-0.178X,R2=0.658,p<0.01。当地下水位在3.5~4.0 m时,土壤含水率出现明显变化,因此认为3.5 m是塔里木河中下游地区草本植被生态恢复的最低水位。3)通过胡杨叶脯氨酸(Pro)和脱落酸(ABA)在不同水位条件下的含量变化,可以认为引起胡杨水分胁迫的地下水位出现在5.0 m。其后随着水位的降低,胡杨脱落酸的积累更加明显,地下水位与胡杨叶脱落酸含量可以表示为:Y=0.703 5e0.408X,R2=0.830 4, p<0.01。4)通过塔里木河下游输水后的植被调查,当地下水位出现明显升高后,植被的地表生态响应非常明显,乔灌草植被在水位升高至不同水位后均出现相应的变化,说明以上的分析是符合实际的。 相似文献
20.
Using prioritisation tools to strategically restore vegetation communities in fragmented agricultural landscapes
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Sacha Jellinek 《Ecological Management & Restoration》2017,18(1):45-53
Restoring native habitats in heavily cleared and fragmented areas such as agricultural landscapes is important to maintain and increase remaining native floral and faunal communities. Identifying priority vegetation types for restoration – as well as the parcels of land where this restoration could take place at a landscape scale – may assist in strategically protecting these biodiversity assets. To prioritise the restoration of terrestrial habitats around an ecologically and culturally significant Ramsar‐listed wetland in South Australia, we used the spatial prioritisation tool Marxan. Originally designed for prioritising the protection of reserve areas, Marxan can also be used to identify parcels of land for restoration purposes. We tested how Marxan prioritised the restoration of four distinct vegetation types around the Coorong and Lower Lakes region of South Australia using the inverse of habitat remnancy as a cost and soil type and distance to ecologically significant bird species as a conservation feature. By prioritising restoration activities around certain landscape features, such as remnant areas, our results indicate that we would be able to strategically restore parcels of native habitat that would maximise biodiversity outcomes. This study highlights the need for robust input data, such as priority vegetation types and bird species associated with these habitats, to ensure informative modelling outputs. It also suggests that other measures, such as the cost of different land types, should be included in future restoration planning. Finally, we illustrate how prioritisation tools such as Marxan can be used by natural resource managers to restore areas within fragmented agricultural landscapes. 相似文献