南方高丛蓝浆果‘南月’实生后代果实特性的变异分析

对南方高丛蓝浆果（Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids）品种‘南月’（‘Southmoon’）实生后代的单果质量、果实横径、可溶性固形物含量、单果种子数、果色、口感以及蒂痕类型等果实特征的变异进行了分析。结果表明,‘南月’实生后代的单果质量为0．64～2．15g,果实横径为10．0～16．4mm;果实可溶性固形物含量为9．1％-15．8％,其中有37％的单株果实可溶性固形物含量在12．0％以上;单果种子数为3～93粒,有18％的单株单果种子数小于25粒;果实颜色以蓝紫色和黑蓝紫色为主,比例分别为50％和42％;果实口感以中等和好2个等级为主,比例分别为50％和40％。在对果实的主要特征和经济性状进行评估的基础上,初步筛选出21个‘南月’实生后代优良单株。     

中华猕猴桃雄性株系"磨山4号"的选育研究

通过对近年来选育的“磨山４号”、“磨山５号”、“武植８２－１２”、“武植８０－４”、“武植８２－５”等５个中华猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＰｌａｎｃｈ）雄性株系的花期、花量、花粉生活力、花粉量的观察,并分析与“武植３号”授粉对果实的影响,从综合性状来看,“磨山４号”花期比一般雄株长２个星期左右（约２０天）,有效花粉量高,株型紧凑,授粉后的果实单果重及Ｖｃ的含量均高于其它雄株,为中华猕猴桃适配雄株。     

贵州引种美国兔眼蓝浆果的初步试验

2000年3月从江苏植物研究所引进美国兔眼蓝浆果6个品种在贵州麻江县酸性黄壤上试种,2001年试花结实,2002年全部单株挂果。单果重0.5~2.0g,果实总糖8.9%~9.4%,总酸0.06%~0.19%,钙、钾、磷、铁、锌等矿质元素和维生素A、E、C含量较高,属高钙、高锌果品。各品种均表现出良好的适应性和抗逆性,适宜在贵州低山丘陵酸性黄红壤地区种植。     

《第21届国际园艺会议文摘》选译

一、赤霉酸对人工培育多倍体枇杷无核果实的效应 在日本,枇杷是最受人们欢迎的初夏鲜食水果之一,但楷杷鲜果的缺陷,却是具有许多大粒的种子。 试验材料为日本枇杷品种“田中”的三倍体植株。该三倍体系采用二倍体枇杷和以秋水仙精诱发的四倍体枇杷杂交而得。“田中”三倍体枇杷尚不能完全无核,但仅有极少     

苹果果实生长的数学模型及各生长指标间的相关性分析

以富士苹果(Malus domestica‘Fuji’)为试材,测定其果实生长发育期间各生长指标的动态变化,选择5种理论生长方程对纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重进行拟合,并根据拟合结果确定合适的生长方程建立各生长指标的数学模型,采用多项式拟合建立果形指数变化的数学模型,同时对果实各生长指标之间进行相关性分析。结果表明,果实纵径、横径生长适合选择Logistic方程,单果重、体积、干重适合选择Gompertz方程,果形指数的变化适合采用多项式拟合;果实纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重两两之间均呈显著正相关,果形指数、果实干物质相对含量均与纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重之间呈显著负相关,果实密度与纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重之间呈显著负相关,而与果形指数、果实干物质相对含量之间呈显著正相关。     

枇杷八氢番茄红素合成酶基因的克隆及表达分析

本研究以‘大五星’(红肉)和‘川农1-5-9’(白肉)枇杷不同发育阶段的果皮、果肉为材料,采用同源克隆法从枇杷果实中克隆类胡萝卜素合成途径中关键酶基因PSY,利用生物信息学方法分析所获得的核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列,再利用qRT-PCR从转录水平上检测两种枇杷不同发育阶段表达水平。发现枇杷PSY基因cDNA序列全长1 191 bp,具有完整开放阅读框,编码396个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性分析表明,枇杷PSY蛋白与其他物种PSY蛋白具有很高的相似性,与苹果(Malus domestica)相似性高达98%。qRT-PCR分析表明,随着枇杷果实的发育,PSY基因表达量明显增加,与转色期后枇杷总类胡萝卜素含量变化一致,表明PSY基因可能参与枇杷类胡萝卜素合成的调控。     

云南不同栽培区域油梨果实品质差异分析

以云南9个不同栽培区域‘哈斯’(Hass)油梨果实为试材,在同一条件下分别观测油梨果实主要内在与外观品质,分析云南不同栽培区域油梨果实主要品质差异,为探索云南油梨栽培适宜生态区域提供借鉴。结果表明：(1)油梨果实外观品质以单果重、种子重量、可食率变异系数较大,分别达到31.31%、38.09%和8.08%,并以LJ产区的油梨单果重和可食率最大;油梨果肉内在品质中以脂肪、可溶性蛋白、维生素C(Vc)含量变异系数较大,分别为37.57%、22.42%和17.89%,脂肪含量以BS产区最高,可溶性蛋白和Vc含量均以BN产区最高。(2)油梨果实Vc、总黄酮、脂肪含量以及单果果肉重、果实纵径等显著受到树龄和气候因子的综合影响。其中：树龄与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系,与单果果肉重呈显著负相关关系;经度与脂肪、可溶性固形物、干物质、可溶性蛋白含量呈正相关关系;纬度与可溶性固形物、果肉密度、种子长度呈正相关关系,与Vc、总黄酮含量呈显著负相关关系;海拔与脂肪、可溶性固形物、Vc、总黄酮含量呈正相关关系;年平均气温与果肉密度、单果重、单果果肉重、果实纵径呈正相关关系;年平均降雨量与...     

不同品种槟榔果实性状及其槟榔碱含量的比较研究

通过性状比较和差异显著性检验,从形态学与生物化学两个水平研究了海南5个常见槟榔栽培种之间果实性状变化及其槟榔碱含量的变化。结果表明:(1)海南槟榔5个品种间果实性状都不同,其中以品种A、B、D的果实品质达到国家药典规定的一级标准,品种C、E达到二级标准;(2)品种E的叶面积、产量(座果数×单果重)最大,通过差异显著性检验,表明植株的产量与叶面积呈正相关;(3)5个品种中以品种B的槟榔碱含量最大(0.4451％),其次为品种E、C、D、A。其中品种A与B、A与E、B与D、B与E之间差异显著;(4)长、短蒂花品种之间槟榔碱含量差异不显著;(5)槟榔碱含量与其果实性状之间无显著相关性;(6)槟榔碱含量与营养成分间无显著相关性。     

增施钾肥对大棚蟠桃品质及营养生长的影响

该研究以蟠桃品种‘金霞蟠桃’和‘玉霞蟠桃’为试材,分别在2个品种成熟前3周(3W)、2周(2W)和1周(1W)每树环施钾肥(K2O)1 000g,比较不同时期施肥处理蟠桃果实外观品质、内在品质以及营养生长的变化。结果表明:(1)在蟠桃果实成熟前2W和3W尤其是2W施用钾肥,蟠桃果实单果重和体积总体较大,‘金霞蟠桃’2W处理果实单果重、横径和侧径分别显著高于1W处理11.48%、3.51%和3.03%,‘玉霞蟠桃’2W处理则分别显著高于1W处理56.86%、14.97%和3.67%;(2)不同时期增施钾肥对‘玉霞蟠桃’果实颜色的变化影响总体较小,‘金霞蟠桃’2W和3W处理果实的a*值分别显著高于1W处理55.02%和44.49%,但2W和3W处理之间差异不显著;(3)增施钾肥后,2个蟠桃品种果实可溶性固形物含量、蔗糖含量从高到低依次为2W3W1W,可溶性糖总量大小也依次为2W3W1W,但2W和3W处理间差异不显著;不同时期增施钾肥对2个蟠桃品种果实有机酸总量和枝叶营养生长总体影响不大。研究认为,在蟠桃果实成熟前2周左右施用钾肥,成熟时果实体积、单果重增大,果肉可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量以及糖酸比高,果实综合品质得到有效改善,但增施钾肥过早或过晚都无法达到最佳效果。     

海南岛红毛丹栽培品系资源主要果实性状的比较分析

为明确红毛丹栽培品系果实性状的遗传多样性,本研究对海南省保亭县13个代表性品系的单果重、果肉重、果形指数、可溶性糖、可滴定酸含量等17个果实性状进行测量,并进行性状间相关分析及不同种质聚类分析研究。结果表明,不同性状的品系间变异幅度亦不同,其中果核重变异系数最大(28.83%),可溶性糖含量最小(5.62%)。不同性状指标间存在显著或极显著相关性,单果重与果实横径、果肉厚、果皮重、果肉重呈极显著正相关,与果实纵径、果核重呈显著正相关;果核重与种子纵径和横径呈极显著正相关。果肉重与果肉厚、可食率呈极显著正相关。可食率与可滴定酸含量呈极显著负相关。果实性状聚类分析(平均距离为7.013时)可将13份资源分为5类,第Ⅲ类品系果实各性状综合表现优良,单果重最大,果核小,果肉最多,可直接鲜食,第Ⅴ类品系单果重低,果肉少,可食率较低,酸含量高,口感较其它类较差,适合加工开发利用。研究表明海南省红毛丹栽培品系果实性状存在丰富的多样性,为生产开发、遗传育种等提供了信息参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.