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1.
The effects of photoperiod (8, 12 or 16 h), mineral medium strength (dilutions of a tuberization medium, the T medium), sucrose
(0, 2, 4, 8% w/v) and kinetin (0, 2.5μM) on the development of roots, shoots and microtubers in shoot cultures of Dioscorea alata L. and D. bulbifera L. yams were evaluated. All of the factors were found to have substantial effects on microtuber induction in these two species.
The effects of high and low inorganic ammonium containing media on microtuberization of yam shoot cultures indicated that
ammonium ions inhibited microtuber induction in D. alata but not in D. bulbifera. Microtubers of D. alata were only formed on shoot cultures if these were held under 8-h days. D. bulbifera cultures on the other hand produced microtubers under this photoperiod treatment as well as under 16-h photoperiods provided
that kinetin was present in media at 2.5μM. Most microtuberization in D. alata shoot cultures occurred on full-strength T medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 2.5μM kinetin held under 8-h photoperiod
at 25°C, whereas most microtuberization in D. bulbifera shoot cultures occurred on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 4% sucrose, 2.5μM kinetin held under 8-h photoperiods
at 25°C. Under these two sets of conditions, yam shoot cultures consistently produced microtubers with individual weights
in excess of 100 mg which were large enough to be capable of direct planting and subsequent growth in unsterilized soils. 相似文献
2.
Summary Shoot tips and leaves excised from in vitro shoot cultures of Salvia nemorosa were evaluated for their organogenic capacity under in vitro conditions. The best shoot proliferation from shoot tips was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
8.9 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 2.9 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Leaf lamina and petiole explants formed shoots through organogenesis via callus stage and/or
directly from explant tissue. The highest values for shoot regeneration were obtained with 0.9 μM BA and 2.9 μM IAA for lamina explants. No shoot organogenesis was obtained on leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA). The regenerated shoots rooted the best on MS medium containing 0.6 μM IAA or 0.5 μM NAA. In vitro-propagated plants were transferred to soil with a survival rate of 85% after 3 mo. 相似文献
3.
Summary We have developed a highly efficient two-stage protocol for induction of multiple shoots from single node in vitro shoot tip explants of Decalepis hamiltonii. It was found that phenylacetic acid (PAA) had a synergistic effect on shoot multiplication when treated with N6-benzyladenine (BA). This protocol used PAA for both multiple shoot induction from nodal explants, elongation of primary shoots,
and initiation of adventitious shoot formation from primary shoots. Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA (2.22–31.08 μM) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.27–10.74 μM) or PAA (7.34–36.71 μM) was used to initiate shoot formation from nodal explants. The maximum number of shoots per culture was produced on a medium
containing 31.08 μM BA and 14.68 μM PAA, while the longest shoot length and nodes were obtained on medium containing 22.2 μM BA and 14.68 μM PAA. Shoots subcultured on MS medium containing 22.2 μM BA and 14.68 μM PAA elongated along with secondary shoot formation. The shoots were rooted on medium containing 9.7 μM indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were acclimatized in soil with an 80–90% survival rate under field conditions. 相似文献
4.
D. Mills 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(3):415-421
To study the effect of sucrose on the sink-source relationship in in vitro-grown plants, Cistus incanus seedlings and plantlets were grown horizontally in a two-compartment Petri dish (split dish), with the root system in one
compartment and the shoot in the other. Shoots and roots were exposed to different sucrose concentrations (0–30 g dm−3), two irradiance levels (25 and 160 μmol m−2s−1) and the presence or absence of a minimum medium containing minerals and vitamins (M medium). Root and shoot biomass of the
seedlings was enhanced by an increase in irradiance when the growth medium was not supplemented with sucrose indicating the
role of photosynthesis in biomass production. When sucrose was added to either organ growth was enhanced as well. In the presence
of sucrose in the root compartment, sucrose applied to the shoot compartment enhanced growth of both organs under low irradiance,
while under high irradiance, sucrose had no further additive effect. In the absence of sucrose in the root compartment, the
enhancement of root biomass by sucrose added to the shoot compartment was lower under high irradiance than under low irradiance.
The response of Cistus plantlets to sucrose and irradiance differed from that of seedlings, probably reflecting a greater susceptibility of the
plantlets to sucrose feedback inhibition on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. The decrease in root and shoot growth
when M medium was added to the shoot compartment and the relatively better growth of these organs when the roots were supplied
with minerals and the shoot with sucrose, indicate that growth of the two organs in our experimental set-up was regulated
by opposing fluxes of C and nutrients. 相似文献
5.
Summary An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from cotyledons was established in tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort. Factors influencing shoot regeneration from cotyledons, including culture medium type, combinations of plant growth
regulators, and sucrose concentrations in the medium, as well as illumination were investigated. Murashige and Skoog's (MS)
medium was found to be best for promoting shoot regeneration, followed by Gamborg's B5 and White's medium. The highest shoot regeneration frequency was achieved from cotyledons cultured on MS medium supplemented
with 2.0 mgl−1 (8.9 μM) 6-benzyladenine and 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with 97.9% regeneration, associated with a high number of multiple shoots developed per
explant (8.6 shoots per explant). A sucrose concentration of 3% present in the medium and light conditions were beneficial
for shoot regeneration. The shoots developed were rooted in a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl−1 (5.4 μM) NAA and successfully transplanted in soil in pots with over 85% survival. The establishment of an efficient plant regeneration
procedure from cotyledons provides a basis for the rapid in vitro multiplication of tetraploid Isatis indigotica Fort., one of the most extensively used medicinal plants in China currently under great shortage. 相似文献
6.
An efficient and rapid plant regeneration system was established for zonal and scented geraniums using leaf discs as explants. Several explants, medium and culture conditions were studied to optimize shoot induction. Leaf discs taken from 4–5 weeks old in vitro grown plants, whatever the genotype, were more effective for shoot regeneration than those taken from greenhouse grown plants. Darkness proved to be a stimulating factor for shoot regeneration and the combination between NAA and two cytokinins gave the best results. Direct shoot regeneration (100%) was obtained from leaf discs of P. capitatum on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA in combination with 1 mg l−1 of BAP and zeatin in darkness (11.4 shoots per explant). In the same medium and culture conditions, all P. graveolens leaf discs also exhibited direct shoot regeneration (7.3 shoots per explant). For P. x hortorum, 100% of leaf discs underwent shoot regeneration on a MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 of BAP and zeatin in darkness (8.8 shoots per explant) or under low light conditions with 0.2 mg l−1 NAA and 1 mg l−1 of BAP and zeatin (7.5 shoots per explant). For this species, the best results for shoot elongation were obtained on half-strength MS medium gelled with Phytagel 0.3% (v/v). Whatever the genotype, all shoots rooted readily when transferred to diluted MS medium (MS/2) containing 1 mg l−1 IAA. Acclimatized plants grew normally and flowered in greenhouse conditions. Flow cytometry analysis made on leaves of acclimatized plants revealed that all the scented geranium plants are similar to mother plants while 71% of P. x hortorum plants which showed strong growth were tetraploid. 相似文献
7.
The effect of radiation of different spectral composition on axillary proliferation of lavandin (Lavandula officinalis Chaix ×Lavandula latifolia Villars cv. Grosso) was studied in combination with application of exogenous benzyladenine (BA) and putrescine (Put) and
endogenous ethylene production. The effect of BA was predominant over the radiation. Continuous far-red showed a fluence rate-dependent
promotion of shoot proliferation in the presence of BA. On BA-free medium, shoot number was enhanced under blue, white, and
red radiation, at low photon fluence rates. BA, however, could reduce the inhibiting effect of blue and ultraviolet radiation,
at high photon fluence rates. Exogenous Put stimulated axillary bud proliferation under some radiation treatments in the presence
of BA. Moreover, Put, analogously to BA, could overcome the detrimental effect of ultraviolet radiation. A positive correlation
between biotic ethylene production and shoot formation was evidenced under far-red at high photon fluence rate in the presence
of BA, and under white, red and blue radiation at low photon fluence rate in the BA-free medium. However, when abiotic ethylene
(released from the agarized medium) was stimulated by UV, no improvement of shoot formation was observed. 相似文献
8.
Direct shoot regeneration was achieved from immature inflorescence explants of Chlorophytum arundinaceum and C. borivilianum on half-strength Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg L−1 BA, 150 mg L−1 Ads, 0.1 mg L−1 NAA and 3% (w/v) sucrose under a 16-h photoperiod. The shoot buds developed within 2–3 weeks of culture. High frequency of
shoot bud regeneration was achieved when cultured on similar medium in subsequent subcultures. The apex portion (Type I) of
the inflorescence produced more shoot buds as compared to the middle ones (type II). More than 75% of the terminal segment
explants produced shoot buds within 4-week of culture. Response of basal portion (Type III) was negative for shoot bud initiation.
Shoots rooted on half-strength basal MS medium supplemented with half-strength MS medium, 0.1 mg L−1 IAA and 2% (w/v) sucrose. Micropropagated plantlets were hardened in the green house and successfully established in the
soil where 90% of the plants survived. This protocol would be useful for commercial micropropagation and genetic improvement
prograrmme. 相似文献
9.
Summary A protocol for micropropagation of Virginia-type peanut plants, an ancient crop of the New World, is reported. This study
was conducted to explore the effect of silver nitrate (AgNO3), alone or in combination with growth regulators, on multiple shoot formation from shoot tip culture. Incorporation of AgNO3 into the medium, without growth regulators, induced regeneration of the explants (which did not develop at all in the AgNO3-free medium), and stimulated the emergence of axillary shoots. When AgNO3 was added in combination with cytokinins and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), maximum average shoot number per regenerating
explant was recorded (6.3) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 33 μM 6-benzyladenine, 5.3 μM NAA, and 23.54 μM AgNO3. Moreover, AgNO3 showed a positive and marked effect on both shoot elongation and the reduction of callus proliferation from the basal ends
of shoot tips. Following a period of elongation, the shoots were rooted in hormone-free Ms medium, showing no residual effects
due to the long-term culture in AgNO3-containing media. Acclimatization was easily obtained after plantlets were transferred to pots under greenhouse conditions,
with 90% survival. 相似文献
10.
Summary A protocol has been developed for high-frequency shoot regeneration and plant establishment of Tylophora indica from petiole-derived callus. Optimal callus was developed from petiole explants on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented
with 10μM2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid +2,5μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Adventitious shoot induction was achieved from the surface of the callus after transferring onto shoot
induction medium. The highest rate (90%) of shoot multiplication was achieved on MS medium containing 2.5μM TDZ. Individual elongated shoots were rooted best on halfstrength MS medium containing 0.5μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). When the basal cut ends of the in vitro-regenerated shoots were dipped in 150μM IBA for 30 min followed by transplantation in plastic pots containing sterile vermiculite, a mean of 4.1 roots per shoot
developed. The in vitro-raised plantlets with well-developed shoot and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil
and grown in a greenhouse with 100% survival. Four months after transfer to pots, the performance of in vitro-propagated plants of T. indica was evaluated on the basis of selected physiological parameters and compared with ex vitro plants of the same age. 相似文献
11.
Effect of controlled carbon dioxide on in vitro shoot multiplication in Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle
The effect of controlled carbon dioxide environment on in vitro shoot growth and multiplication in Feronia limonia (a tropical fruit plant, Family- Rutaceae) was studied. Carbon dioxide available in the ambient air of the growth room was
insufficient for in vitro growth of the shoots alone. Also, the presence of sucrose only as the C-source in the medium (without CO2), was found to be inadequate for sustainable growth and multiplication of shoots. The carbon dioxide enrichment promoted
shoot multiplication and overall growth. The promotory effect of CO2 was independent of the presence of sucrose in the medium. In the presence of both CO2 and sucrose, an additive effect was observed producing maximum shoot growth. In the absence of sucrose a higher concentration
of CO2 (10.0)g m−3 was required to achieve photoautotrophic shoot multiplication comparable to ambient air controls. Highest leaf area per shoot
cluster promoting shoot growth and multiplication was recorded under this treatment. Shoots growing on sucrose containing
medium under controlled CO2 environment of 0.6 g m−3 concentration evoked better response than ambient air controls (shoots growing on sucrose containing medium) in growth room.
This treatment produced the overall best response. The present study highlighted the possibility of photoautotrophic multiplication
which might prove useful for successful hardening and acclimatization in tissue culture plants. 相似文献
12.
C. Srinivasa Rao P. Eganathan A. Anand P. Balakrishna T. P. Reddy 《Plant cell reports》1998,17(11):861-865
An in vitro propagation protocol has been developed for Excoecaria agallocha L. (Euphorbiaceae), a mangrove species. Nodal segments were used for axillary shoot proliferation. One shoot from each node
of binodal explants was observed 3 weeks after inoculation. The best axillary sprouting was seen on a newly formulated medium
containing BA, Zeatin and IBA in concentrations of 13.3 μM, 4.65 μM and 1.23 μM, respectively. The new medium, first used in this study, has a specific composition of major nutrients, MS micronutrients
and iron compounds. Nodal segments from rooted cuttings and seedlings responded better than those of mature tree explants.
Multiple shoot induction was complemented with efficient shoot elongation, and repeated subculture of binodal segments from
axillary shoots resulted in 10–12 shoots per explant in 3 months. Rooting was achieved by growing shoots in the new medium
with 0.23 μM IBA. Regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the natural environment, and about 85% of plantlets survived under
ex vitro conditions. This is the first report of micropropagation in the genus Excoecaria and also in mangrove tree species.
Received: 11 August 1997 / Revision received: 10 February 1998 / Accepted: 2 March 1998 相似文献
13.
Samir C. Debnath Kenneth B. McRae 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):243-249
Summary Cultures of two eranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars, ‘Ben Lear’ and ‘Pilgrim’, and three eranberry clones from natural stands in Newfoundland were established
in a nutrient medium containing N6[2-isopentenyl]adenine (2iP) from nodal and/or shoot-tip explants obtained under aseptic conditions. The cultivars differed
in shoot regeneration in terms of shoot number per explant with various concentrations of 2iP over two culture periods. Best
total shoot production was obtained when nodal segments were cultured in the medium supplemented with 2.5–5.0 mg 2iP l−1 (12.3–24.6 μM). With higher 2iP levels, shoots did not expand and had a high mortality rate. Nodal explants of the three clones cultured
in the same nutrient medium supplemented with 2.5 mg 2iP l−1 (12.3 μM) produced three to five healthy axillary shoots per explant. In another experiment, nodal explants were more productive than
shoot tips. In all experiments with subculture, there was an increase in shoot multiplication rate for all genotypes. Shoots
were rooted in vitro in the same media used for shoot proliferation, but without any growth regulators. After their transfer to potting medium,
almost all of the rooted plants survived. Cranberry genotypes can be efficiently propagated and maintained through nodal culture
in a nutrient medium without auxin that contains 2.5–5 mg 2iP l−1 (12–25 μM). 相似文献
14.
Factors influencing reliable shoot regeneration from leaf explants of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were examined. Addition of AgNO3 to callus induction medium was significantly effective for shoot regeneration in all three genotypes initially tested. When
48 genotypes subsequently were surveyed, a large variation of shoot regenerability was observed, ranging from 100 to 0% in
frequency of bud formation and from 7.5 to 0 in the number of buds per explant. A significant correlation (r=0.84) was observed between the frequency of bud formation and the number of buds per explant. The shoot regenerability from
leaf explants was not related to that from cotyledonary explants (r=0.28). Histological observations showed that an organized structure developed from calluses produced at vascular bundle tissues
after 7 days of culture on callus induction medium, and they developed shoot apical meristems one week after transfer onto
shoot induction medium. Regenerated plantlets were obtained 2 months after the initiation of culture and they normally flowered
and set seeds. No alterations of morphology or DNA contents were observed in regenerated plants and their S1 progenies. 相似文献
15.
Summary An improved protocol for shoot regeneration from hypocotyl segments of seedlings from open-pollinated seeds of lingonberry
(Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cultivars, ‘Ida’, ‘Splendor’, and ‘Erntesegen’, and a native clone from Newfoundland was developed. The effect of thidiazuron
(TDZ) on adventitious bud and shoot formation from apical, central, and basal segments of the hypocotyl was tested. Highly
regenerative callus was obtained from hypocotyl segments on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium containing 5–10 μM TDZ. A maximum of 10 buds and 12 shoots per apical segment for seedlings of cultivar ‘Ida’ regenerated on MMS containing
10 μM TDZ. Callus and bud regeneration frequency, callus growth, and number of buds and shoots per regenerating explant depended
not only on the specific segment of the hypocotyl, but also on parental genotype. Inhibition of shoot elongation by TDZ was
overcome by transferring shoot cultures to a shoot proliferation medium containing 1–2 μM zeatin. The optimal concentration of sucrose for shoot elongation was 20 gl−1. Shoots were rooted ex vitro on a 2 peat: 1 perlite (v/v) medium after dipping in 0.8% indole-3-butyric acid, and rooted plants acclimatized readily under
greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
16.
Kulkarni Anjali A. Thengane S.R. Krishnamurthy K.V. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(3):203-209
In vitro studies were initiated with Withania somnifera (L.) Dun. for rapid micropropagation of selected chemotypes using nodes, internodes, hypocotyls and embryo explants. Direct
regeneration of shoot buds was observed in MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of either benzyladenine
(BA) or thidiazouron (TDZ) depending on the explant. Nodal explants formed multiple shoots both from pre-existing and de novo buds on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) containing 0.1–5.0 mg l−1 BA and a ring of de novo shoot buds on MS medium containing 0.2 and 0.3 mg l−1 TDZ. Internodal explants formed shoot buds on MS with 1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1 BA while the hypocotyl explants gave rise to multiple shoots only on MS with 0.5 mg l−1 BA. Isolated embryos gave rise to many shoot buds on MS with 0.2 and 0.3 mg l−1 TDZ. The shoot buds elongated and rooted either on MS medium with 0.01 mg l−1 BA or on half strength MS medium lacking growth regulators, which depended upon the growth regulator used in the shoot bud
induction medium. Except for the embryo-derived plantlets, all other plantlets could be acclimatized with 100% success.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Summary The vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus,Glomus versiforme increased significantly the growth ofAsparagus officinalis under controlled conditions using Turface as the growth medium. The growth responses, including increases in root fresh weight, numbers of shoots, shoot dry weight, and shoot height follow a pattern similar to other mycorrhizal systems. Indigenous VAM fungi appeared to have negative effects on average shoot fresh and dry weight, number of shoots per pot and average shoot height on one year oldA. officinalis seedlings obtained from the field and grown under controlled conditions. These results may be due either to the high levels of soluble phosphate present in the soil or the ineffectiveness of the particular indigenous fungi as mycorrhizal fungi in asparagus. Indigenous mycorrhizal fungi overwinter in asparagus root crown as vesicles and as external and internal hyphae. Soil obtained from the same fields as the one year old crowns was a good source of mycorrhizal inoculum for sterile seedlings. 相似文献
18.
Saswati Chakraborti Sangram Sinha Rabindra K. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(5):394-398
Summary This study reports an efficient and direct shoot bud differentiation and multiple shoot induction from nodal segments of underground
stoloniferous rhizomes of Houttuynia cordata Thumb. The frequency of shoot bud regeneration was influenced by the type of cytokinin and concentrations. Among the various
concentrations used, benzylaminopurine (BAP, 17.74 μM) or kinetin (Kn, 18.58 μM) was found to be most effective for rapid and maximum shoot but differentiation. The number of shoots per explant was higher
(20.00±2.61) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Kn (18.58 μM) compared to BAP and 6-γ-γ-(dimethyl-allylamino)-purine (2iP) during initial 40-d-old culture. Subsequent shoot
differentiation and multiplication were achieved in MS medium containing 9.29 μM Kn and 15% (v/v) coconut milk. Elongation and growth of multiple shoots were also obtained on MS medium containing either
2.32 μM Kn or 2.46 μM 2iP alone. The rate of shoot multiplication during subcultures declined with an increase in the size of proliferating shoot
cluster. Reducing shoot cluster size to three to four shoots and subculturing together in shoot multiplication medium resulted
in a better shoot multiplication and growth, which could be maintained for 2 yr. The elongated shoots (>20 mm) were successfully
rooted on MS medium supplemented with 19.60 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Regenerated plants were successfully established in soil and were found to be healthy and uniform.
The protocol reported in this study can be used for conservation and utilization of elite clone of H. cordata. 相似文献
19.
L. Venkatachalam R. Thimmaraju R. V. Sreedhar N. Bhagyalakshmi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(3):262-269
Summary Direct shoot and cormlet regeneration from leaf explants were obtained in triploid dessert banana cultivar Nanjanagud Rasabale
(NR) that is classified under the group ‘Silk’ and has the genotype AAB. The response for both cormlet and direct shool formation
was observed only in leaf explants obtained from shoots cultured in liquid medium but not in similar explants obtained from
shoots grown on gelled medium. Shoot initiation occurred after a sequential culture of leaf (sheath) explants on modified
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different growth regulators. In the sequence, the leaf explants were cultured
first on medium with a high level (22.4 μM) of benzyladenine (BA), second on indolc-3-butyric acid (IBA) supplemented medium, and third on reduced BA medium under incubation
in the dark. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration in 24% of the explants, with the number of shoots ranging from 2
to 3 per explant, occurred in the explants incubated at the first step in medium with 22.4 and 0.198 μM IBA. Further growth and complete shoot formation occurred under incubation in a 16-h photoperiod. While keeping the culture
conditions constant and replacing BA with picloram (0.83–20.71 μM) in the initial step, adventious origin of cormlets occurred in 12% of the explants. However, when rhizome explants (also
obtained from shoots grown in liquid medium) were cultured with various growth regulators in the first step, medium containing
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacctic acid (7.82 μM) produced friable callus that re-differentiated into roots only. Physical forms of the medium, ie.e. agar-gelled or liquid,
imparted specific effects on the extent of multiplication of leaf-regenerated shoots with no differences in morphology and
growth patterns when compared to those of meristem-derived plants. 相似文献
20.
Vinod Kumar Ashwani Sharma Bellur Chayapathy Narasimha Prasad Harishchandra Bhaskar Gururaj Parvatam Giridhar Gokare Aswathanarayana Ravishankar 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(1):11-18
Direct shoot bud induction and plant regeneration was achieved in Capsicum frutescens var. KTOC. Aseptically grown seedling explants devoid of roots, apical meristem and cotyledons were inoculated in an inverted
position in medium comprising of Murashige and Skoog (Physiol Plant 15:472–497, 1962) basal medium supplemented with 2-(N-morpholine) ethanesulphonic acid buffer along with 2.28 μM indole-3-acetic acid, 10 μM silver nitrate and either of 13.31–89.77 μM
benzyl adenine (BA), 9.29–23.23 μM kinetin, 0.91–9.12 μM zeatin, 2.46–9.84 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine. Profuse shoot bud induction
was observed only in explants grown on a media supplemented with BA (26.63 μM) as a cytokinin source and 19.4 ± 4.2 shoot
buds per explant was obtained in inverted mode under continuous light. Incorporation of polyamine inhibitors in the culture
medium completely inhibited shoothoot bud induction. Incorporation of exogenous polyamines improved the induction of shoot
buds under 24 h photoperiod. These buds were elongated in MS medium containing 2.8 μM gibberellic acid. Transfer of these
shoots to hormone-free MS medium resulted in rooting and rooted plants were transferred to fields. This protocol can be efficiently
used for mass propagation and presumably also for regeneration of genetically transformed C. frutescens. 相似文献