河南省花生地方资源蛋白质和脂肪含量分析及其育种利用策略

对233份河南省地方花生资源进行了蛋白质含量、含油量、油酸和亚油酸含量的全面测定,并与省外和国外资源的相关性状进行了比较分析。在河南地方品种资源中,蛋白质含量中等,平均含油量和油酸含量相对较高,但缺乏蛋白质含量超过30%或含油量超过56%、油酸含量超过70%的突出材料。河南省目前高油品种选育有明显进展,育成了一批高油花生品种,但育成品种蛋白质含量普遍偏低。提出了充分利用现有地方品种资源,积极采用远缘杂交、诱变、分子标记辅助选择技术及现代基因工程技术创制优良种质,选育优质专用品种的育种策略。     

The Dreams of Blind Men and Women: A Replication and Extension of Previous Findings

Drawing on a sample of 372 dreams from 15 blind adults, we present two separate analyses that replicate and extend findings from previous studies. The first analysis employed DreamSearch, a software program designed for use with dream narratives, to examine the appearance of the five sensory modalities. It revealed that those blind since birth or very early childhood had (1) no visual imagery and (2) a very high percentage of gustatory, olfactory, and tactual sensory references. The second analysis found that both male and female participants differed from their sighted counterparts in the same ways on several Hall and Van de Castle (1966) coding categories, including a high percentage of locomotion/transportation dreams that contained at least one dreamer-involved misfortune. The findings on sensory references and dreamer-involved misfortunes in locomotion/transportation dreams are interpreted as evidence for the continuity between dream content and waking cognition.     

The Most Recent Dreams of 12–13 Year-Old Boys and Girls: A Methodological Contribution to the Study of Dream Content in Teenagers

The present study shows that the Most Recent Dream Method developed for the efficient and economical collection of dream reports from adults can be extended to suburban Caucasian 12–13 year-old boys and girls. A content analysis of 162 Most Recent Dreams from girls and 110 Most Recent Dreams from boys using the Hall and Van de Castle (1996) coding system revealed the same general pattern of gender similarities and differences found in the dream content of young adults. A comparison of the present results with those from participants between the ages of 11–13 and with a similar social background in two longitudinal studies showed several similarities in dream content. The overall findings thus suggest that the Most Recent Dream Method may provide a reasonably representative sample of dream reports from teenagers if at least 100 to 125 Most Recent Dreams are collected for each age group, making cross-sectional developmental studies of teenagers' dreams feasible if the cooperation of a school system can be enlisted. Suggestions for other kinds of studies using Most Recent Dreams from teenagers are also discussed.     

Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content,relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots

Drought, one of the environmental stresses, plays crucial role in reduction in plant production on majority of agricultural fields of world, In order to evaluate drought stress on RNA content Relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content, Water deficit was induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea), accession number ICGV 91114. In this current study we evaluate RNA content and Relative water content (RWC) both in leaves and roots and chlorophyll content in leaf. The present study was undertaken with the aim to investigate the effect of water deficit imposed by PEG-6000, 40 old day seedlings were treated with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000; w/v-5%, 10%, 15% & 20%) for 24 h. The results showed that RNA content and Relative water content (RWC) content was significantly reduced in both leaves and roots with increased concentration of PEG, In leaves, a concentration dependent decline in chlorophyll content with increasing concentration of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000). Reduction in chlorophyll ‘a’ level was to a greater extent than the chlorophyll ‘b’. Thus, this attributes can be used as screening tool for drought tolerance in peanut.     

干旱胁迫下白桦（Betula plathphylla）实生苗叶片的水分代谢与部分渗透调节物质的变化

在土壤干旱胁迫进程中,白桦实生苗叶片的自然含水量呈下降趋势;相对含水量的总的变化趋势与自然含水量相同;束缚水含量及束缚水/自由水比值显著升高,复水后,三者又重新恢复至正常水平。随着土壤水分逐渐减少,可溶性蛋白质的含量呈现减少趋势,复水后,可溶性蛋白质含量又可恢复至正常水平。白桦实生苗叶片可溶性糖含量增加,复水后可溶性糖含量降至趋于对照水平。     

Growth and internal ion concentrations in seedlings of winter wheat are affected by 1 pM tentoxin

The long-term effect of tentoxin on K^+;, Ca²⁺ and total phosphorus (P) concentrations in the roots and shoots of 7- and 14-day-old seedlings of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Martonvásári-8) was studied. Growth (dry weight) and shoot to root ratios (dry weight and mineral concentrations) were also estimated. One p M tentoxin increased the shoot to root ratio for dry weight after a 14-day period of application. The concentration of Ca²⁺ slightly increased in the shoot. In roots, tentoxin caused a 30% higher accumulation of Ca²⁺ after 7 days, which did not change with treatment during the following 7 days. The accumulation of Ca²⁺ was enhanced by increasing concentrations of tentoxin. K⁺ and total P levels increased in roots but decreased in shoots after 7 days. However, they were redistributed between root and shoot during days 8–14 of tentoxin treatment. The effect of tentoxin is explained as a stimulation of ion transport mainly into the vacuoles of the immature metaxylem elements. It is suggested that tentoxin and other microbial products effective at very low concentrations may have a general significance in promoting plant infection or symbiosis via the modification of physiological or biochemical processes.     

油菜油分、蛋白质和硫苷含量相关性分析及QTL定位

为定位与油分、蛋白质和硫苷含量等品质性状相关的数量性状位点（QTL）,以2个含油量较高的甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）品系8908B和R1为研究材料,配置正反交组合。在正反交F2代群体中,含油量和蛋白质含量都存在极显著的负相关,相关系数分别为-0．68和-0．81,含油量和硫苷含量相关性不显著：蛋白质含量和硫苷含量在正交群体中相关性不显著,但在反交群体中存在显著负相关（相关系数r=-0．45）。利用正交F2代群体中的118个单株,构建了包含121个标记的遗传连锁图谱,图谱长1298．7cM,有21个连锁群（LGs）。采用复合区间作图法,在连锁图上定位了2个与含油量有关的QTL,分别位于LG8和LG10,其贡献率分别为4．8％和13．7％,增效基因都来源于R1;定位了2个与蛋白质含量有关的QTL：pr01和pr02,分别位于LG1和LG3,其贡献率分别为15．2％和14．1％,位点pr07由8908B提供增效基因,pro2则由R1提供增效基因：定位了4个与硫苷含量有关的QTL,其中LG20上有2个,LG4和LG8上各1个,它们的贡献率在1．9％-25．4％之间,除LG20上glu7的增效基因来自R1外,其余3个QTL位点均由8908B提供增效基因。     

The Most Recent Dreams of Children Ages 8–11

The present study examined whether the Most Recent Dream Method is a feasible choice for dream collection from children as young as 8 years old. A quantitative analysis of 30 Most Recent Dreams from 8–11 year-old girls and 32 Most Recent Dreams from 8–11 year-old boys reveals that the method seems feasible as indicated by children's ability to respond. The basic findings for recency, length, types of characters, and other content categories show the same overall pattern of gender similarities and differences by age 10–11 as found with 12–13 year-olds and young adults. Girls' dream reports especially begin to resemble those of older girls and young women by age 10–11. These results, if confirmed by follow-up studies with larger numbers of children, suggest that reasonably representative samples of the dreams of girls from age 10 onward can be collected using the Most Recent Dream method.     

不同农业利用方式下土壤铜和锌的累积

通过对山东寿光表层农业土壤(0～20cm)铜和锌的调查研究,了解不同农业利用方式下土壤铜和锌含量的差异,揭示其空间分布规律及其累积特征.从研究区域采集来自设施菜地、露天菜地、小麦/玉米/棉花地和自然土壤等4类当地主要农业利用方式的土壤(n=127),样点覆盖寿光整个农业生产区域.结果表明,山东寿光农业土壤的铜含量均值为26.43mg · kg-1,极差69.11 mg · kg-1,锌含量均值为80.50mg · kg-1,极差210.8 mg · kg-1.不同农业利用方式的土壤铜锌含量从高至低的顺序均为:设施菜地>露天菜地>小麦/玉米/棉花地>自然土壤,不同农业土壤铜锌含量均出现了明显累积趋势,其中,以设施菜地的累积问题最为突出,其铜锌含量分别为33.91、124.2mg · kg-1,显著高于其它农业利用土壤类型, 但均未超过国家土壤环境质量II级标准;从研究区域铜锌含量的空间分布看,当地农业土壤铜锌含量均表现为北部、南部区域较低、中部地带较高的趋势;在集约化种植模式下,设施菜地铜锌含量随着设施年限的延长显著增加(p<0.05),其累积速率分别为1.49mg · kg-1 · a-1和2.59mg · kg-1 · a-1,这可能与铜锌含量相对较高的有机肥大量施用有关.     

Base composition and nucleosome density in exonic and intronic regions in genes of the filamentous ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae

We sequenced nucleosomal DNA fragments of the filamentous ascomycetes Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus oryzae and then mapped those sequences on their genomes. We compared the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic and intronic regions in the genes of A. nidulans and A. oryzae. Although the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic regions tended to be higher than those in the intronic regions, the difference in the distribution of the GC content was more notable than that of the nucleosome density. Next, we compared the GC content and nucleosome density in the exonic regions of 9616 orthologous gene pairs. In both Aspergillus species, the GC content did not correlate with the nucleosome density. In addition, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ = 0.51) between the GC content of the exonic regions of the 9616 orthologous gene pairs was higher than that (ρ = 0.31) of the nucleosome densities of A. nidulans and A. oryzae. These results strongly suggest that the GC content in the exons of the orthologous gene pairs has been conserved during evolution but the nucleosome density has varied throughout.     

中国大豆(Glycine max)品种及种质资源主要品质状况分析

对2003年中国19个主要大豆种植省(直辖市、自治区)的大豆品种与种质资源的蛋白、脂肪含量和部分大豆品种水溶性蛋白含量进行了分析.结果表明,大豆种质资源的蛋白含量和蛋脂总量总体上与品种持平.品种脂肪含量总体上明显高于种质资源脂肪含量,说明当前中国种植的大豆中高脂肪的品种已经占有一定的比例. 北方、黄淮海、南方三大生态区大豆品种和种质资源蛋白含量呈现自北向南递增的趋势,而脂肪含量呈现递减趋势.生态、气象因子对大豆蛋白含量的影响大于对脂肪含量的影响.大豆水溶性蛋白含量总体上较高,基本适合豆制食品加工业的需要.     

桃小食心虫越冬幼虫过冷却能力及体内生化物质动态

为研究桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham自然种群过冷却能力的变化动态,从生理生化水平上探讨桃小食心虫幼虫耐寒机制,测定了桃小食心虫幼虫在越冬前后不同月份的过冷却点、体内含水量、脂肪、蛋白和糖原的含量。结果表明:桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的过冷却点(super-cooling point, SCP)和结冰点(freezing point, FP)随越冬期温度降低而逐渐降低, 并在冬季过后随温度升高而逐渐升高,其中在3月份时最低,分别为-14.89℃和-9.95℃,显著低于其它月份。幼虫体内含水量、总蛋白含量、糖原含量在越冬前后变化趋势与SCP变化相似并且各自又有不同的特点,但在2月份时都达最低,分别为44.83%、32.44μg/mg、1.95μg/mg。幼虫体内的总脂肪含量由越冬初期(2008-10)的29.04％逐渐降低至越冬后期(2009-06)的15.56％。结果说明桃小食心虫幼虫越冬过程中体内水分、总蛋白、糖原等生化物质含量的变化与其抗寒能力存在一定的联系,显示了其对冬季温度变化的生态适应。     

近红外光谱仪快速检测油菜硫苷、芥酸及油份含量数学模型的建立

近红外反射光谱技术是一种高效、快速的现代分析技术,应用过程中需要建立相应的数学模型.收集油菜籽样品600余份,采用国际(家)标准方法对芥酸、硫苷、含油率进行测试,根据各模型的要求,选择不同的具有代表性的样品,建立数学模型.内部交叉证实法对模型验证结果显示:高芥酸、低芥酸、硫苷、含油率模型复相关系数分别为0.9677、0.9318、0.9820、0.9626,内部验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为4.41、2.24、4.62、0.543.外部样品检测法分别用已建模型和国际(家)标准方法对油菜籽样品芥酸、硫苷、含油率进行检测,两者检测结果基本一致.综合内部和外部验证结果表明:建立的模型能够满足油菜籽硫甘、芥酸及油份含量快速检测的要求.另对油菜自身含水率对数学模型的影响做了初步探索.     

盐胁迫下灰绿藜中三种成份含量的变化

目的:研究盐胁迫下对灰绿藜各部位中水分、粗蛋白、脯氨酸含量的变化.方法:通过NaCl胁迫盆栽试验,测定分析不同浓度盐胁迫(0 mmol/L～500 mmol/L)下灰绿藜各部位水分、粗蛋白和脯氨酸含量变化.结果:灰绿藜根中水分含量的变化趋势呈先升高后下降的趋势,在300 mmol/L胁迫下其含水量达到最高67.82%;在茎、叶、全草中呈先下降后升高又下降的趋势.粗蛋白含量在根中两降两升,在茎、叶、全草中呈先升高后下降又升高的趋势,在Nacl浓度为200mmol/L时均达到最大值,分别为3.4738%、2.3791%、3.9132%和3.0968%;各部位中脯氨酸含量变化均呈先升高后下降又升高的趋势,且在NaCl浓度为500mmol/L时均达到最高值,分别为254.33μg/g、180.83ug/g、197.27μg/g、222.71μg/g.结论:得出灰绿藜在盐胁迫下三种成分的变化.     

Much Ado About Very Little: The Small Effect Sizes When Home and Laboratory Collected Dreams Are Compared

We report a reanalysis of the original codings of dream reports collected at home and in the sleep laboratory from the same participants studied by Hall and Van de Castle in 1964. We used Cohen'sh statistic for effect sizes to argue that, even when statistically significant, most of the differences between the two samples are small to medium in magnitude. This finding suggests that past arguments over the relative usefulness of the two types of samples might not have occurred if the magnitude of effect sizes had been taken into account. The one exception concerns aggressions of various kinds, which also show the greatest variability with age, gender, and culture. It is concluded that useful dream samples for studies using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system can be collected in the laboratory or from normal recall at home and that effect sizes should be calculated in all dream content studies.     

2002年我国大豆(Glycine max)品种及种质资源的蛋白质和脂肪含量分析

对2002年全国14个主要大豆种植省(区)的大豆品种及其种质资源的蛋白质、脂肪含量进行了分析。结果表明,种质资源的蛋白质、脂肪平均含量均高于生产用品种。其中种质资源脂肪含量的变化幅度较大,显示了在未来的育种中更强的高脂肪含量的选择优势。国内种质资源蛋白质平均含量高于国外种质资源。国外种质资源脂肪含量总体上高于国内种质资源。黄淮海生态区品种蛋白质平均含量高于北方生态区品种。新育成黄淮海区域试验品种蛋白质平均含量高于目前黄淮海生态区生产用品种。同品种异地种植,其脂肪含量有明显变化。     

新收集大豆种质资源主要品质鉴定与评价

对"十五"期间新收集、保存入国家种质资源库的841份大豆种质资源的蛋白质、脂肪两个主要品质性状进行了鉴定评价.结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪含量均近似正态分布,最大频度分别出现在41.01%～ 42.00%含量范围和20.01%～21.00%含量范围.与以前收集、保存的种质资源相比,新收集种质资源的蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,而脂肪含量和蛋脂总量呈上升趋势.不同类型种质资源的品质性状比较结果表明,地方品种的蛋白质总体水平明显高于育种材料、引进种质和选育品种3种类型,引进种质的脂肪、蛋脂总量的总体水平明显高于其他3种类型.国内种质资源高蛋白质大豆占有率高于引进种质资源;引进种质资源高脂肪、高蛋白兼高油的大豆占有率高于国内种质资源.     

Amelioration of Negative Effect of Water Stress in Cassia Angustifolia by Benzyladenine and/or Ascorbic Acid

The effect of benzyladenine (BA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on relative water content, proline accumulation, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), chlorophyll (Chl) content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, under sufficient water supply and moisture stress was studied in senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) at seedling, vegetative, flowering and pod formation stages. AA treatment resulted in a higher accumulation of proline at all the stages of growth. Both BA and AA enhanced P_N, Chl content and NR activity, and ameliorate the negative effect of water stress.     

Trypanosoma cruzi: Flow Cytometric Analysis of Developmental Stage Differences in DNA

Flow cytometry and DNA binding-specific fluorescent reagents were used to compare the total DNA, G-C, and A-T content of the epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks. Significant total DNA differences of 2–12% between epimastigotes and trypomastigotes were found in three of six stocks studied. The epimastigote G-C content of five of six stocks was 4–8% higher than trypomastigotes, whereas the trypomastigote A-T content was 2.5–13% higher than the epimastigote A-T content. Although no obvious developmental stage association between total DNA and base composition was found, intrastage associations do exist. These observations were unaffected by nucleoprotein extraction implying that the observed differences between trypomastigotes and epimastigotes are not a consequence of nucleoprotein interference with DNA-binding fluorochromes. The nuclei and kinetoplasts of four T. cruzi stocks were isolated and analyzed. Developmental stage differences in nuclear and kinetoplast DNA are stock-dependent and base composition-dependent; both organelles contribute to the observed differences in DNA of intact cells. We found a nearly linear association between the percentage of total kinetoplast DNA, G-C, and A-T content. During metacyclogenesis, the G-C content decreases by approximately 7% as epimastigotes transform into metacyclic trypomastigotes. The decrease in G-C content precedes changes in morphology or in complement resistance. If the DNA changes are causally connected to developmental stage transformations in T. cruzi remains to be determined. However, our results could facilitate studies of the molecular genetic processes the parasite uses to successfully complete various phases of its life cycle and, consequently, the disease process it evokes.     

New Directions in the Study of Dream Content Using the Hall and Van de Castle Coding System

Both methodological and statistical innovations add to the usefulness of the Hall and Van de Castle system for the content analysis of dream reports. In addition, there are weaknesses in most rating scales for the study of dream content, and numerous methodological and statistical problems call into question many past studies of dream content. In an introduction to this special issue, these possibilities and problems are discussed and then demonstrated through a critique of the literature on gender and dream content.