香榧假种皮提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

测定了香榧假种皮提取物中的总酚含量,并采用DPPH自由基清除法、β-胡萝卜素漂白法、硫代巴比妥酸法等3种方法评价了香榧假种皮提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:香榧假种皮提取物中总酚含量为(76.67±2.06)mg/g。香榧假种皮提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,且在一定浓度范围内呈剂量效应关系,但是其抗氧化活性低于BHT和抗坏血酸。DPPH自由基清除法、硫代巴比妥法、β-胡萝卜素漂白法等3种方法测定香榧假种皮提取物体外抗氧化活性的IC50值分别为1.55 mg/m L、2.02 mg/m L、0.58 mg/m L。     

嗜酸硫杆菌属硫氧化系统研究进展

硫化矿的酸溶解和化学氧化过程中(H 和Fe3 作用下,金属硫化矿中分解),伴随着硫元素转变成多聚硫S8或硫代硫酸盐的过程。对嗜酸硫杆菌属硫氧化过程的研究表明,胞外环状多聚硫S8可能通过细胞外膜蛋白巯基活化成线状-SnH后,被转运到细胞周质区域,进而被硫加双氧酶氧化成SO32-,活化过程中同时生成少量H2S;这些酶促反应不需要辅助因子参与,不释放电子。胞外硫代硫酸盐通过未知途径进入细胞周质。细胞周质中的SO32-主要经由亚硫酸-受体氧化还原酶氧化成SO42-,S2O32-可能经由硫代硫酸盐-辅酶Q氧化还原酶、硫代硫酸盐脱氢酶、连四硫酸盐水解酶等氧化为硫酸,少量H2S则经由硫化物-辅酶Q氧化还原酶氧化为多聚硫,后者再经由SO32-和S2O32-氧化生成最后产物SO42-。这些生物氧化过程释放的电子进入呼吸链参与产生细菌生长代谢所需的能量。然而,关于A.ferrooxidans硫氧化系统中各种硫化合物的酶催化氧化机制的研究仍很缺乏,胞内外硫化合物的转运机制、是否存在胞外酶催化氧化等仍然有待解决。另外,硫的型态和价态、酶催化反应的细胞微区域以及硫氧化系统中一些关键酶的分离及其表达基因的鉴定等问题都还有待进一步研究。基于对这些事实的分析,提出了一个嗜酸硫杆菌属硫氧化系统的模型。     

叉毛蓬化学成分的体外抗菌及抗氧化活性研究（英文）

从叉毛蓬全株首次分离出4-羟基苯乙酮(1)、紫丁香酸(2)、金圣草黄素(3)、香草酸(4)、4-羟基-3-甲基苯乙醇(5)、N-[2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-2-羟基乙基]-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)丙-2-稀酰胺(6)和异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(7)7个化合物。通过MTT法测定这7个化合物的体外抗菌活性,结果表明多数化合物有较强的抗菌活性,其中化合物2对枯草芽孢杆菌,化合物5对大肠杆菌,化合物7对番茄疮痂病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑制作用均强于阳性对照硫酸链霉素对同种菌的抑制。用DPPH和FRAP两种方法测定了化合物的抗氧化活性,结果表明在DPPH方法中化合物6的抗氧化活性最好,IC50值为0.2452 mg/m L,在FRAP方法中化合物5有最好的抗氧化活性,FRAP值为9.402 mmol/g,强于阳性对照抗坏血酸。     

甘蔗茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

为研究甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)茎叶的化学成分及抗氧化活性,该文对甘蔗茎叶以甲醇提取,提取物采用柱色谱(SiO₂、Sephadex LH-20、Rp-18)进行分离纯化,根据质谱和核磁共振技术鉴定所得化合物的结构,并通过DPPH法测定化合物的清除自由基能力。结果表明:(1)从甘蔗茎叶部位共分离鉴定22个化合物,分别为对羟基苯甲醛(1)、对甲氧基桂皮酸(2)、4-甲氧基苯甲醛(3)、香草醛(4)、4-羟基肉桂酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯甲酸(6)、(2-羟基苯基)(苯基)甲酮(7)、对甲基苯甲酸(8)、咖啡酸甲酯(9)、乌头酸A(10)、乌头酸E(11)、5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸(12)、槲皮素(13)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(14)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(15)、硫代二丙酸双十八烷基酯(16)、α-conidendrin(17)、rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin(18)、3-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(19)、木犀草素(20)、(5S,6S)-5,6-dihydro-3,8,10-trihydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-2, 4-dimethoxy-7H-benzo [c]xanthen-7-one)(21)和5-O-阿魏酰奎宁酸甲酯(22),其中化合物2-3、7-11、14-19、21-22为首次从该植物中分离得到。(2)通过DPPH法对含量大的15个化合物(1-9、11-16)进行自由基清除能力的筛选,其中化合物12(5-O-二甲氧基肉桂酰基奎尼酸)显示了较好的抗氧化活性(IC₅₀值为 49.58 μg·mL^-1)。该研究结果丰富了甘蔗抗氧化活性物质基础,为其进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

秦岭地区玉竹根茎的脂溶性成分及其抑菌活性研究

从秦岭产玉竹（Polygonatum odoratum）根茎的石油醚萃取物中分离得到8个化合物,其中有5个化合物为首次从黄精属植物中得到,其结构分别为：（1）（24R/S）-9,19-环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24-二醇;（2）α-棕榈酸甘油酯;（3）棕榈酸甲酯;（4）二十八碳酸;（5）（Z）-6-十九碳烯酸。首次对化合物1的抗菌活性进行了测定,发现化合物1在浓度为10μg/mL时,对黄瓜炭疽病原菌的抑制率达到100%;在浓度为100μg/mL时,对灵杆菌的抑菌能力与红霉素相当。     

新型N-取代吡咯类化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究37个新型N-取代吡咯类化合物的体外抗肿瘤活性,并探讨这些化合物的结构-活性关系。方法:运用MTT法来测试37个化合物对5种肿瘤细胞和1种正常细胞的体外细胞增殖抑制活性。结果:化合物3f活性最高,其对MGC80-3的IC50值为61.29μM。同时成功地总结了新型N-取代吡咯化合物的构效关系:(1)对于吡咯母核的3位,取代苯环上对位氯取代和对位叔丁基取代化合物的抗肿瘤活性差不多,并且没有明显的规律性。(2)对于吡咯母核的4位,取代基团的电子云密度对抗肿瘤活性的影响也没有明显的规律。(3)对于吡咯母核的1位,当3位为对叔丁基苯基取代时,其整体活性顺序为:(苄基,溴乙基)(甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基)乙烯基;当3位为对氯苯基取代时,其整体活性顺序为:(乙烯基,苄基)(甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基)。结论:为了得到更好的抗肿瘤活性化合物,吡咯母核的1号位置上应该接入苄基等大空间位阻基团、容易形成氢键的基团或者不接入任何取代基,从而为吡咯类化合物的进一步结构修饰以开发更高活性的抗肿瘤化合物提供指导。     

海洋链霉菌S007次生代谢产物的分离鉴定(英文)

采用柱层析、制备薄层层析等方法从海洋链霉菌S007的发酵液提取物中分离得到了9个化合物,经波谱分析确定为嘧啶(1),吡咯-2-羧酸(2),卡拉霉素(3),3-吲哚丙酸(4),吲哚-3-羧酸(5),N-乙酰基酪胺(6),2’-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(7),N-β-乙酰色胺酸(8)和三乙胺盐酸盐(9)。其中三乙胺盐酸盐是首次从链霉菌中得到;海虾致死实验结果显示:化合物3在40μg/mL浓度下对丰年虾的致死率为86.5%,表明卡拉霉素对丰年虾表现出很强的毒性作用。     

亲和素-生物素间接偶联的压电DNA传感器研究

采用3 3′-二巯基硫代丙酸的金电极自组装技术,用乙基3-（3-二甲氨基）碳二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）和N-羟基磺基琥珀酰亚胺（NHS）偶联剂将亲和素固定于金电极上,联于生物素标记的探针,制备成压电DNA传感器的检测电极,和杂交液中的待检葡萄球菌肠毒素B的ssDNA进行杂交,通过频率信号检测DNA杂交的量,达到检测的目的.采用不同长度的基因片段进行了研究,制作的传感器一致性、特异性都较好;杂交后的电极,电极再生后,传感器可以重复使用.     

藜蒿内生真菌Paraconiothyrium sp.YLHJ01化学成分研究CSCD

利用多种色谱分离技术从藜蒿内生真菌Paraconiothyrium sp.YLHJ01的发酵产物中分离得到7个化合物,并通过NMR、ECD、IR、HR-ESI-MS等波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,包括一个新化合物2-(1S,3R-dihydroxybutyl)benzene-1,4-diol(1)以及6个已知化合物:6-羟基-2S-甲基-4-色满酮(2)、10-norparvulenone(3)、(S)-7-羟基-3-((S)-1-羟乙基)异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮(4)、murranoic acid A(5)、modiolide G(6)、尿嘧啶核苷(7)。体外细胞毒活性结果显示化合物1~7在A549与HepG2细胞上均无明显的抑制活性。对化合物1~7进行金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抗菌活性测试,结果显示化合物1、4对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出弱抑制效果,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为400、100μg/mL,化合物2对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌表现为弱抑制效果,其MIC分别为800、400μg/mL。     

国产绿奇楠沉香的化学成分研究

为了解国产绿‘奇楠’沉香的化学成分,采用色谱和波谱方法从其乙醚和乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别鉴定为顺式-7-羟基菖蒲烯(1),(5R,6R,7S,8R)-2-(苯乙基)-6,7,8-三羟基-5,6,7,8-四氢-5-[2-(2-苯乙基)色酮基-6-氧代]色酮(2), 1-羟基-1,5-二苯基戊-3-酮(3),丁香树脂酚葡萄糖苷(4),(3β)-齐墩果-12-烯-3,23-二醇(5),β-谷甾醇(6)和棕榈酸-α-单甘油酯(7)。化合物1、3～5和7均为首次从沉香中分离得到,其中化合物1表现出非常甜的芳香气味。乙酰胆碱酯酶体外抑制活性测试结果表明,50μmol L~(–1)的化合物1对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制率为(49.9±1.4)%。     

Antioxidative activity of some phenoxy and organophosphorous compounds

Experiments were performed in order to check whether biological activity of some organophosphorous compounds widely applied as herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1) and its sodium salt (2), N-phosphonomethylglycine acid (3) and its sodium salt (4), diethyl 1-butylamino-1-cyclohexanephosphonate (5) and diethyl 9-butylamino-9-fluorenephosphonate (6) followed from their oxidative activity. The compounds studied differed in their polarity and hydrophobicity. On the contrary, it was found that all herbicides protected erythrocyte membranes against partial peroxidation induced by UV irradiation. The effect was somewhat differentiated and followed the sequence: 5 >1 >2 >6 >3 >4. The observed differences between the antioxidative activities of the compounds are probably related to differences in their ability to incorporate into the lipid phase of the erythrocyte membrane. Once incorporated, they change fluidity of the membranes. The extent of the changes was determined in fluorescence measurements. Polarization and anisotropy coefficients of erythrocyte membranes modified by micromolar concentrations of herbicides at different temperatures were measured for that purpose. Generally, they followed the sequence found for antioxidative activity of the herbicides studied, which confirms the assumption of close correlation between the depth of incorporation of a herbicide into the erythrocyte membrane and its protective efficiency.     

含酚基化合物抑制TBAS生成体系的抗氧化活性比较

含酚基化合物抑制ＴＢＡＳ生成体系的抗氧化活性比较张尔贤,俞丽君,陈展科,肖湘（汕头大学理学院生物学系,汕头５１５０６３）Ｈａｌｌｉｗｅｌｌ（１９８５）［１,２］设计了以２－脱氧－Ｄ－核糖（以下简称脱氧核糖）作为·ＯＨ自由基分子探针的反应系统,通过检测...     

Antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory compounds from aerial parts of Varthemia iphionoides Boiss

Various extracts of aerial parts of Varthemia (Varthemia iphionoides Boiss) were investigated for radical-scavenging activity, antioxidative activity, and porcine pancreas alpha-amylase inhibitory activity. The ethanol and water extracts showed a pronounced 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, with inhibition of about 90% at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, and alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of about 70% at a concentration of 200 microg/ml by the 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-maltotrioside (CNP-G3) degradation method. The ethanol extract was purified by column chromatography to give seven 3-methoxyflavones (1-7) and eudesmane sesquiterpene, selina-4,11(13)-dien-3-on-12-oic acid (8). The structures of these compounds were established by NMR, MS, and UV spectroscopy. Of 3-methoxyflavones, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxyflavone (2), and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone (3,7,3'-tri-O-methyl-quercetin) (7) exhibited pronounced radical-scavenging activity. The antioxidative activity in the linoleic acid system was considerable in compounds 1, 2, and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (4). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5 (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone), and 6 (5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone) showed markedly high inhibitory activity against porcine pancreas alpha-amylase. Eudesmane sesquiterpene did not show any activity.     

Antioxidative activity of sulfur-containing compounds in Allium species for human LDL oxidation in vitro

Sulfur-containing compounds contributing to health promotion in Allium species are produced via enzymic and thermochemical reactions. Sulfur-containing amino acids and volatile organosulfur compounds were prepared for an antioxidative assay. The inhibitory activity of S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteines and their sulfoxides, volatile alk(en)yl disulfides and trisulfides, and vinyldithiins in Allium species against lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined. It was elucidated that the alk(en)yl substituents (methyl, propyl, and allyl) and the number of sulfur atoms in the compounds were important for the antioxidative activity. 3,4-Dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, which is produced by a thermochemical reaction of allyl 2-propenethiosulfinate, exhibited the highest antioxidative activity of human LDL among sulfur-containing compounds.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

不同变性条件下肌酸激酶活力和构象变化的比较

以盐酸胍,十烷基硫酸钠和溴化十烷基三甲铵为变性剂,测定它们对肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）活力和构象之影响。结果发现：ＣＫ活力的丧失明显早于分子整体构象的变化;Ｃ１０Ｓ和Ｃ１０ＮＭ３对ＣＫ的变性有一定的饱和性;而ＧｕＨＣｌ对ＣＫ的变性则没有;溶液ＰＨ增加时,在一定范围内,ＧｕＨＣｌ,Ｃ１０Ｓ和Ｃ１０ＮＭ３对ＣＫ的变性能力都增加,在ＰＨ变化时,利用ＤＴＮＢ测定ＣＫ内埋巯基的暴露来反映构象的变化是成功的。     

Synthesis,further biological evaluation and pharmacodynamics of newly discovered inhibitors of TNF-alpha production

(1S,2R)-2-Acylamino-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl phosphate derivatives 2a, 2b, 3a, and 5a, which are conformationally restricted and metabolically stable analogues of (2R)-2-acylamino-2-phenylethyl phosphate derivatives 1a and 1b, are a new class of inhibitors of TNF-alpha production. More efficient alternative synthesis of a key intermediate, (1R,2S)-1-amino-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-ol hydrochloride (9), was achieved using one-step, three-component coupling of 3-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (13), (5S)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ol (14), and amino diphenyl methane (15), [as reported in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 11798]. Evaluation of the hypotensive activity of these compounds was done to assess one of their side effects. Among the compounds tested, the above-mentioned four compounds (2a, 2b, 3a, and 5a) were identified as inhibitors with both sufficient potency and an acceptable safety margin regarding their hypotensive activity. The pharmacodynamics of these compounds were also investigated. Single-dose pharmacokinetic data for compounds 2a, 2b, 3a, and 5a are displayed. These compounds were estimated to be mainly metabolized by the liver in the species tested based on their in vitro stability in tissue homogenates and plasma. A representative compound, 2a, showed good linearity of its plasma concentration after intravenous injection.     

Antiradical and antioxidant properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--derivatives of pyridinecarboxylic acid

A number of pyridincarboxylic acid derivatives PV-1-4, 7 and emoxypine preparation antioxidative activity in yolk lipoprotein suspension was studied by a method of Fe(2+)-initiated biochemiluminescence. Lipid peroxidation in suspension was effectively inhibited by the studied compounds in various concentration ranges. PV 1, 3, 4, 7 inhibited lipid peroxidation at the concentrations 100-fold, then those of PV 2 and emoxypine. Antiradical activity of the studied compounds was demonstrated by their forming a complex with the stable diphenylpickrylhydrazyl radical. The effect of these compounds as antioxidants is discussed.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of CX-659S and its related compounds for their inhibitory effects on the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction

In order to find novel nonsteroidal compounds possessing an inhibitory activity against delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, we conducted random screening using a picryl chloride (PC)-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction (CHR) in mice, and found compound 1 as a lead compound. Then we synthesized and evaluated an extensive series of 5-carboxamidouracil derivatives focused on both the uracil and the antioxidative moieties. Among them, we found that the hindered phenol moiety was necessary to exhibit the activities; especially, compounds 28a-28c having the partial structure of vitamin E were found to exert potent activities against the DTH reaction by both oral and topical administration. And compound 28c showed antioxidative activity against lipid peroxidation with an IC50 of 5.9 microM. Compound 28c (CX-659S) was chosen as a candidate drug for the treatment of cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.     

Inactivation, subunit dissociation, aggregation, and unfolding of myosin subfragment 1 during guanidine denaturation.

The effect of guanidine hydrochloride on ATPase activity, gel filtration, turbidity, exposure of thiol groups, far-UV circular dichroism, and the fluorescence emission intensity of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) was studied under equilibrium conditions. It was found that the denaturation process involves several intermediate states. The enzymatic activity of S-1 is at first lost at very low concentrations of GdnHCl (lower than 0.5 M). At a slightly higher GdnHCl concentration (about 0.5 M), the light chains dissociate and this dissociation is closely followed by the formation of aggregates between the naked heavy chains of S-1 molecules in the guanidine hydrochloride range of concentrations 0.5-1 M. At GdnHCl concentrations above 1 M, aggregates gradually disappear and S-1 loses its secondary and tertiary structures. These phenomena are partly reversible, and ATPase activity is only partially recovered under highly limited conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the nature of myosin subunit assembly. The head fragment of 20 kDa is thus suggested to be implicated in the binding of light chain to heavy chain and in the self-association of free heavy chains.