细爪叶蜂属研究及一新种记述(膜翅目,叶蜂科,平背叶蜂亚科)

对膜翅目叶蜂科平背叶蜂亚科的细爪叶蜂属Filix-ungulia Wei进行了系统研究,描述了分布于中国河南省西部的1新种：Filixungulia cylindrica sp．nov．,该新种唇基黑色,后足跗节细长,不膨大加粗,无硬刺毛,可与同属已知的2种鉴别。细爪叶蜂属是中国特有属,仅分布于中国中部的秦岭山地和中国东北地区,目前已发现3种。该属各足爪十分细长,无内齿和爪基片,与狭义平背叶蜂族已知各属均不相同,容易鉴别。编制了细爪叶蜂属已知种分种检索表,各种给出了简要记述、重要特征图和鉴别特征。新种模式标本保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室。     

Extreme male leg polymorphic asymmetry in a new empidine dance fly (Diptera: Empididae)

A new dance fly (Empididae: Empidinae) with hugely modified male fore tarsus, either on the right, left, both or neither sides, is described from Japan. Such massive polymorphic asymmetry occurring with so high an incidence in a population is previously unreported. In view of the courtship behaviour of other Empidinae, we hypothesize that the oversized tarsus is a secondary sexual character employed by males for attracting females. Alternative hypotheses are also discussed. We suggest that this extraordinary new species is a potential model for the study of mating biology in Empidinae and the evolution of mating systems in general.     

Morphological Observations on Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Including Comparisons with B. californicus and B. obovatus

The genus Brevipalpus has over 300 species worldwide. The three most important agricultural pest species in the genus, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu, and B. phoenicis (Geijskes), have been consistently confused and misidentified for more than 50 years. The present study provides a discussion of the characters and character states used to separate these mites. Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and traditional light microscopy techniques were used to illustrate the subtle morphological differences between these three species. Morphology of the dorsal propodosoma, opisthosoma, and leg chaetotaxy of all three species was examined and compared. The number of dorsal setae, the number of solenidia (omega) on tarsus II, and dorsal cuticular patterns were the most important characters in the identification of Brevipalpus species. B. phoenicis is similar to B. californicus in having two omega on tarsus leg II and different from B. obovatus which has only one omega on tarsus leg II and similar to B. obovatus in having only one pair of F setae (f3), but differing from B. californicus which has two pairs of F setae (f2-3). The dorsal opisthosomal and propodisomal cuticular patterns frequently used to distinguish between these three species are useful but one must be aware that age, feeding, and mounting techniques can affect the appearance of these characters.     

Morphogeographic variations in the genusMesopodopsis Czerniavsky with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea,Mysidacea)

Most of the exceptional morphological features of the genusMesopodopsis are shared withNanomysis, Diamysis, andLimnomysis in a mosaic-like pattern. This group, comprising euryhaline species from fresh-to metahaline waters, has its centre of recent species richness in the Mediterranean to Ponto-Caspian region. Within the genus one may distinguish two morphogeographic groups, Euro-African species with a spine below the statocyst, and Indo-Australasian species without this spine. Detailed study from the entire distribution range indicates thatM. slabberi (van Beneden) should be split into 4 species: the nominal form from the NE-Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Black Sea, with 5–8 segments on the tarsus of the fourth thoracic endopod;M. aegyptia n.sp., widely distributed in the Mediterranean, with 7–9 segments on this tarsus as well as dimorphic setation patterns on the eighth tarsus;M. tropicalis n.sp. from equatorial W-Africa with 5–6 segments and dimorphic setation patterns on the mandibular palp; andM. wooldridgei n.sp. from South African waters with 9–12 segments on the tarsal joint of the fourth thoracic appendage, respectively. A key to the seven known species of the genus is given.     

山西棉区寄生在棉蚜体上的一种足绒螨（真螨目：绒螨科）

经鉴定,山西棉区寄生在棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)体上有两种缄螨。除已报道的无视异绒螨(Allothrombium ignolum Willmann)外,尚有另一种足绒螨(Podothrombium sp.)本文对Podothrombium sp.的幼螨形态进行了描述;对该螨的背、腹毛数和须肢跗节毛数与足绒螨属已知的幼螨种类比较结果,它们之间存在着一定的差别。     

A taxonomic study of the Rana narina complex, with description of three new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)

A morphometric and electrophoretic survey was conducted to examine taxonomic relationships among eight population samples of the Rana narina complex from the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Taiwan. Five discrete morphotypes are differentiated, and these showed considerable genetic differentiation from each other. From the available information, each of the five morphotypes is judged to represent a species, and three are described as new. Rana utsunomiyaorum sp. nov. and R. supranarina sp. nov. are sympatric in Ishigakijima and Iriomotejima islands of the Yaeyama Group, and differ from the other members by having a shorter hindlimb. Rana utsunomiyaorum is the smallest in the complex, while R. supranarina is the largest. Rana amamiensis sp. nov . occurs on Amamioshima and Tokunoshima islands of the Amami Group and, like R. narina from Okinawajima of the Okinawa Group, has a long hindlimb; it differs from the latter species by having a larger body and relatively small tympanum. These two species differ from R. swinhoana from Taiwan by having a narrower disk on the third finger. A key to known species of the complex is given. Further, syslematics of the R. narina complex within Rana , body size in the two sympatric species, and sexual dimorphism found in this complex are discussed.     

A new freshwater species of the genus Jesogammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Anisogammaridae) from northern Japan

-A new species of anisogammarid amphipod, Jesogammarus (Jesogammarus) mikadoi sp. nov., is described from freshwater habitats in northern Honshu, Japan. The species is distinguished from its congeners by having dorsal setae on pereonites 5-7 and pleonites 1-3.     

A new genus and species of prickleback (Perciformes: Stichaeidae) from Japan

A stichaeid fish, Xenolumpenus longipterus gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of 2 specimens (107.1–114.9 mm in standard length) collected from 167 to 300 m in the northern Sea of Japan off southern Hokkaido, Japan. Xenolumpenus is unique among all known genera of the subfamily Lumpeninae in having all pectoral, pelvic, and anal fin rays elongate and unbranched with fin membranes well-incised. Xenolumpenus longipterus can be further distinguished from all species of the subfamily in having the following combination of characters: dorsal fin XLVI–XLVIII; anal fin II, 28–29; pectoral fin 11; large black blotches on pectoral fin; and black ocellus on caudal fin.     

中国多足揺蚊属指名亚属一新种(双翅目:摇蚊科)

记述中国多足摇蚊属指名亚属Polypedilum (s. str.) Kieffer 1新种——等跗多足摇蚊Polypedilum (Polypedilum) aequabe, sp. nov.,该新种雄虫可借以下组合特征与本亚属其它已知种类相区别:后足第 2 与第 3 跗节等长,肛尖具侧毛,上附器外侧毛位于近端部,下附器端部膨大。模式标本存放在南开大学生命科学学院摇蚊研究室。正模:♂,四川乡城硕曲河,2 700 m,1996-Ⅵ-12,灯诱,王新华采;副模:18♂♂,同正模;1♂,云南丽江石鼓冲江河,1750m,1996-Ⅴ-25,灯诱,周长发采。     

Allometric relations in three species of finches (Aves: Fringillidae)

Static nestling, adult and ontogenetic allometry were analysed in three species of finches. Static nestling allometry was very similar across age in early ontogeny and among species and could be approximated by a single matrix of phenotypic variances and covariances. The first eigenvector of this matrix showed negative allometry of bill and tarsus to mass, but positive for wing length to mass. Adult static allometry was also very similar among species, but differed from nestling pattern. In adults the bill had a positive allometry in relation to tarsus and wing, but negative to mass, while tarsus and wing were unrelated to mass. The ontogenetic allometry in each species was very similar to nestling static allometry. Viewed in relation to final size, bill characters grew more slowly than body characters, but for a longer time, which created the difference between adult and nestling allometric patterns. There were differences among species both with regard to elevation and slope of allometric coefficients, suggesting that the differences among species came about by changes in the three fundamental ontogenetic parameters namely growth rate, onset of growth and offset of growth.     

Two new freshwater species of the genus Jesogammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Anisogammaridae) from northern Japan

Two new anisogammarid species belonging to the genus Jesogammarus were obtained from freshwater habitats from northern Japan. They are Jesogammarus (J.) fujinoi sp. nov. and Jesogammarus (J.) shonaiensis sp. nov. The former new species is diagnosed by the pleonites without spine and the telson without distolateral spine. The other new species differs from the congeneric species in having many dorsal spines on pleonites 1-3.     

A new species of Coccidohystrix (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) intercepted in Japan from Pachypodium spp. (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) imported from Madagascar

A new species of Coccidohystrix Lindinger, intercepted by plant quarantine in Japan from imported Madagascar plant species, Pachypodium inopinatum Lavranos (Apocynaceae), and Pachypodium sp., is herein described and illustrated based on adult female. The new species is quite distinct in the genus in having anterior and posterior ostioles and trilocular pores on marginal cerarii and on elevated dorsal cerarii. The species is similar to Coccidohystrix primigenia Gavrilov-Zimin from Madagascar in having some morphological features mentioned above. However, the new species differs from C. primigenia in lacking multilocular pores on the dorsum, having fewer circuli, having numerous translucent pores on the back side surface of the hind tibiae, having 7–9 conical setae on anal lobe marginal cerarii, having only 2–3 conical setae on penultimate cerarii and having only 1–5 (mostly 1–2) conical setae on submarginal dorsal cerarii. An identification key for the genus, including the new species, is also provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9CEDFC41-D0C9-4569-9E7D-317B02AE424F     

Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915, a valid species of western Pacific tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae)

Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915, originally described only from the holotype taken in 390–542 m in Suruga Bay Japan, has long been considered a junior synonym ofS. strictus Gilbert, 1905, known from waters off Hawaii, Japan, the Philippine Islands, and South Africa. Based on new information from the holotype and a specimen recently captured from deep waters (789–815 m) off Amami-Oshima Island, southern Japan,S. hondoensis is now established as a valid species.Symphurus hondoensis is unique among congeners in having the combination of a 1–2–3 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal pterygiophores and neural spines, 10 abdominal vertebrae, 14 caudalfin rays, 111–113 dorsal-fin rays, 95 anal-fin rays, 59 total vertebrae, 105–106 scales in longitudinal series, blind side nearly as darkly pigmented as the ocular surface, and a black peritoneum. Recognition ofS. hondoensis increases the number of described species ofSymphurus in waters off Japan to three (S. orientalis Bleeker,S. strictus, andS. hondoensis), with at least one more underscribed species occurring in deepwater hydrothermal vent areas off southern Japan.     

Taxonomic review of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cottiusculus</Emphasis> (Cottoidei: Cottidae) with description of a new species from the Sea of Japan

A taxonomic review of the cottid genus Cottiusculus Jordan and Starks 1904 established three species, C. nihonkaiensis sp. nov., C. schmidti, and C. gonez. Cottiusculus nihonkaiensis sp. nov., which had been previously confused with C. schmidti, is described on the basis of 32 specimens (44.8–77.9 mm, SL) collected from the Sea of Japan. The new species is very similar to C. schmidti in having a curved barbless uppermost preopercular spine and the lateral line extending past the caudal fin base, but is distinguishable as follows: nasal spines simple or sometimes weakly bicuspid (vs. deeply bicuspid in C. schmidti); first dorsal fin not elongated in either males or females (vs. elongated in males); ventral lateral and lateral line cirri present (vs. absent). The former is known from the Sea of Japan coasts of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula, and Volcano Bay, Hokkaido, and the latter from the Pacific coast of Tohoku District, Japan. Cottiusculus gonez, known from the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific coast of Hokkaido, is characterized by having a simple nasal spine, the uppermost preopercular spine almost straight with two small cusps dorsally, posterior cusp barbed, and the lateral line almost reaching to the caudal fin base. A lectotype of C. gonez is designated here. Sequence differences in the cytochrome b gene among the above three species of Cottiusculus are also presented.     

The Old World species of Pygothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

Abstract. The Old World species of the genus Pygothrips are studied. Nine species are included. Four of them are previously known: P.mikrommatos (Moulton) from Fiji, P. pygus (Mound), P. rugicauda Hood and P. shavianus (Bagnall) from Australia. A further five species are new to science: P. breviceps from Japan, P. flavomaculatus from Obi Is., Indonesia, P. fusculus from Ogasawara Is., northwestern Micronesia, Japan, P. postocellaris from Fiji and P. vicinus from the Ryukyus, Japan. A key to species is provided.     

Discovery of the tribe Odontalgini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae; Pselaphinae) in Japan

A new species of the pselaphine genus Odontalgus is described from Honshu, Japan, under the name of Odontalgus masaoi. Odontalgus coreanus Löbl known from North Korea is recorded for the first time from Kyushu, Japan. These are the first formal records of the tribe Odontalgini from Japan.     

A new species of Hedgpethia (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida, Colossendeidae) from southwestern Japan

We describe Hedgpethia spinosasp. n. based on a single male specimen obtained from 197-207 m depth, south of Yaku Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Among 15 previously known congeners, the new species resembles Hedgpethia bicornis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943), and probably Hedgpethia brevitarsis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), in having a mid-dorsal tubercle on the posterior rim on each trunk segment. The new species, however, is distinguishable from those by a pair of horns on the anterior margin of the cephalic segment, spines on the first coxae, and denticulate spines on the strigilis. The new species represents the fifth member of the genus so far known from Japanese waters, in addition to Hedgpethia brevitarsis (Losina-Losinsky & Turpaeva, 1958), Hedgpethia chitinosa (Hilton, 1943), Hedgpethia dofleini (Loman, 1911), and Hedgpethia elongata Takahashi, Dick & Mawatari, 2007.     

A new species of Alcyonosyllis Glasby and Watson, 2001 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Shimoda,Japan, commensal with the gorgonian Melithaea flabellifera

A new species of Alcyonosyllis Glasby and Watson, 2001 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) is described from shallow water of Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Japan. The worms were commensal with the gorgonian Melithae flabellifera (Kükenthal, 1909). Alcyonosyllis glasbyi n. sp. differs from all other species of the genus in having a single chaeta per parapodium. The genus is new to Japan.