江西晚石炭世晚期及早二叠世早期的四射珊瑚

记述江西彭泽、于都、乐平、玉山、崇义及上高等地上石炭统船山组和下二叠统栖霞组的四射珊瑚16种,其中船山组有11属12种(包括8新种、1未定种),栖霞组有3属4种(包括3新种、1未定种).根据珊瑚化石的分布规律,将船山组的珊瑚建立2个组合,并与有关地区的珊瑚组合进行了对比.通过对这些珊瑚形态构造特征的剖析,文章还探讨了晚石炭世晚期及早二叠世早期本区珊瑚的生态特征.     

福建晚石炭世—早二叠世早期的四射珊瑚动物群*

福建西部龙岩、宁化、顺昌等地广泛出露的晚石炭世至早二叠世早期海相碳酸盐地层,富含珊瑚、(竹蜓)类等化石,其中四射珊瑚动物群迄今无专文报道。1984至1986年,笔者曾先后数次前往龙岩经洋和宁化湖村等地,详细测制了6条中甲阶及马平阶剖面,系统采集了大量四射珊瑚和(竹蜓)类等化石。经鉴定,四射珊瑚共有38属83种(或亚种),其中2新属10新种。根据它们在地层中的分布规律,笔者建立了3个组合,自下而上依序为:1).Nephelophyllum组合,2).Anfractophyllum-Kepingophyllum组合,3).Wentzellophyllum volzi组合。     

河南济源晚石炭世太原组的一种复体四射珊瑚

Ａｃｒｏｃｙａｔｈｕｓ是一类块状体或丛状体的四射珊瑚，在北美分布于下石炭统，我国见于上石炭统，但丛状体的在我国系首次发现。在连续切片上，可见两个生长阶段，其繁殖方式有侧芽繁殖和边缘泡沫板内繁殖，系统分类上另置独立的科级分类。根据形态分析，该珊瑚栖息在动水，能量略高及食料丰富的浅水环境。当前标本为一新种：Ａ．ｊｉｙｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

New offset-associated structures in some Carboniferous rugose corals

Tubular structures termed ducts, which extend from the base of offsets axially and upwards through the disscpimental tissue of the parent corallite, are described from some Carboniferous rugose corals. Two ducts are usually associated with each offset, one from each extremity where the offset wall meets that of the parent. The ducts may merge to form a tangentially elongate slit at higher levels in the disscpimcntarium of the parent. The structures served to prolong gastric and nervous communication between parent and daughter polpys following budding. Ducts and slits are well developed in cerioid Lonsdaleia but are absent in fasciculate Lonsdaleia , a distinction lending credence to the recognition of the former group of species as a distinct genus, Actinocyathas , within the Axophyllidac. In addition, less well developed ducts are present in at least some cerioid species of Lithostrotion , whereas they are absent from fasciculate species, supporting separation of the latter from Lithostrotion sensu stricto and their assignment to the genus Siphonodendron. The form and distribution of duets also confirms polyphyly in Thysanophyllum. The separation of T. pseudovermiculare (as Dorlodotia ), without ducts, from Thysanophyllum sensu stricto , with weak ducts similar to those in some Lithostrotion spp., is supported. Both arc assigned to the T. pmedictum has well developed ducts, however, which reinforces other evidence suggesting its removal from Thysanophyllum and classification in the Axophyllidac in close affinity with Actinocyathus, Rugosa, offsets, ducts, functional morphology, taxonomy, Carboniferous.     

Early Silurian (Rhuddanian) rugose corals and sponges from the Ak-Kerme Peninsula,Kazakhstan

An assemblage of earliest Silurian (Llandovery, Rhuddanian) fossils from South Kazakhstan (Ak-Kerme Peninsula, Lake Balkhash) contains solitary rugose corals (Calostylis denticulata, Streptelasma? sp., and Cystipaliphyllum sp.) and the demosponge Calycocoelia typicalis, which are described here. This assemblage occurs with previously described brachiopods and constitutes a post extinction survival fauna; such faunas are poorly known and this study fills a gap in our knowledge. All three genera of Rugosa were transitional across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary and are also reported from other parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan during the Llandovery. Streptelasma had already been present in Kazakhstan during the Ordovician, while during the Rhuddanian Calostylis immigrated from Baltica or China, and Cystipaliphyllum from the Australian part of Gondwana. Demosponges are rare during the Llandovery but probably had a cosmopolitan distribution. Calycocoelia typicalis marks the first Rhuddanian record of lithistid demosponges, and the first record of Silurian demosponges from Kazakhstan.     

Late Moscovian (mid-Pennsylvanian) rugose corals from Wadi Araba (Egypt,Eastern Desert): Taxonomy,palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography

An important late Moscovian rugose coral association is described from the Rod El Hamal Formation of the Wadi Araba area (northern Eastern Desert, Egypt). The upper part of the formation yielded a moderately abundant but poorly diversified coral fauna composed of large dissepimented solitary rugose corals. In total, six species belong to the Bothrophyllidae and the Geyerophyllidae, including three new species: Bothrophyllum suezensis, Bothrophyllum cylindricum, and Amygdalophylloides omarai. Three undeterminable Bothrophyllidae taxa are left in open nomenclature. The corals were attached to the soft substrate by talons and rootlets, either rooted and growing upward as mud-stickers or as secondary recliners. They show frequent rejuvenations and constrictions. Encrustation and/or bioerosion are scarce. Carbonate microfacies indicate a habitat in littoral and inner neritic zones adjacent to a low terrigenous hinterland. Colonial taxa are missing and tabulate corals are rare. The corals from the Rod El Hamal Formation are the only example of a late Moscovian coral fauna on the southern margin of the Palaeotethys, that is to say along the northern margin of Gondwana. The association shows similarities with northwestern Spain (Cantabrian Mountains), the Donets and Moscow basins, and thus a general attribution to the Palaeotethys realm.     

Vassiljukia,a new colonial rugose coral from the Early Visean (Mississippian) of the Donets Basin (Ukraine) and NW Turkey

The cerioid colonial coral previously described as Lithostrotion columnariformis from the Early Visean of the Donets Basin (Ukraine) is here reattributed to the new genus Vassiljukia. This genus is introduced for colonial amygdalophylloid developing a stable cerioid habitus. It differs from amygdalophylloid proto-colonies by its ability to produce second generation offsets. This ability is proposed here as a definition to differentiate proto-colonial stages from genuine colonies within the rugose corals. Vassiljukia columnariformis is also known from equivalent strata of northwestern Turkey where it occurs with the oldest cerioid Lithostrotion and Ceriodotia. The origin and affinity of Vassiljukia columnariformis within the Amygdalophyllidae are also discussed.     

安徽巢湖地区石炭系和州组的四射珊瑚

石炭纪密西西比亚纪是四射珊瑚相对繁盛的时期。维宪晚期至谢尔普霍夫期, 受晚古生代大冰期和海西运动的影响, 西欧等不少地区的海相沉积发生相变, 四射珊瑚记录稀少。华南在此时仍广泛发育浅海相碳酸盐岩沉积, 含有丰富的四射珊瑚化石记录。通过对安徽省巢湖地区和州组四射珊瑚的研究, 共鉴定出11属15个种, 其中包含2比较种1、亲近种和3未定种。珊瑚动物群面貌具有典型华南大塘晚期四射珊瑚的特征, 属于Aulina rotiformis带(原Yuanophyllum带上部), 年代为谢尔普霍夫期。和州组的四射珊瑚组合可与湘中梓门桥组上部 Yuanophyllum带的Neoclisiophyllum yengtzeense–Koninckophyllum stellatum亚带和Lophophyllum lophyphylloidea亚带对比 , 也可与黔西赵家山组的 Palaeosmillia murchisoni murchisoni 组合带和 Lithostrotion decipiens–Dibunophyllum bipartitum组合带对比。根据珊瑚动物群的组成、生长形态、共生关系和围岩的岩性特征, 可判断动物群生活在相对浑浊、局限、富营养化的近岸浅海环境中。     

Some aspects of life strategies of Early Palaeozoic rugose corals

Examination of some well-preserved specimens of Silurian rugose corals from Gotland reveals that the following categories of life strategies can be distinguished: ambitopic, liberosessile, fixosessile, rhizosessile and possibly limited vagile. Most solitary rugose corals appear to have been liberosessile and are characterized by initial attachment to a small sediment grain but subsequently becoming recumbent on a soft substrate. Detailed studies of Phaulactis angelini, Holophragma calceoloides, Laccophyllum lindstroemi, Rhegmaphyllum conulus and Rhabdocyclus ocksaroensis n. sp., and comparison with earlier described species, provide some new aspects on different life strategies for solitary corals.     

Life strategies of solitary undissepimented rugose corals from the upper member of the Picos de Europa Formation (Moscovian, Carboniferous, Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain)

Rugose corals belonging to the orders Metriophyllina, Stereolasmatina and Plerophyllina have been identified in the upper member of the Picos de Europa Formation (Moscovian). Corals occur in crinoidal limestones containing common bryozoans. The coral assemblage shows a high diversity. Mode of preservation and spatial distribution of corals demonstrate close relationships with biogenic components such as crinoids, bryozoans, brachiopods and bivalves. The morphology of corals provides valuable data for identifying their life strategies, four of which have been identified: liberosessile with straight growth, liberosessile with curved growth, fixosessile with straight growth and fixosessile with curved growth. Most corals from the Picos de Europa Formation appear to have been fixosessile with straight growth; they attached themselves to bioclasts and subsequently developed radiciform processes (mainly talons) to remain straight.     

Early Silurian(Telychian)rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province,China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation(early Telyehian)and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian)in Daguan area,northeast Yunnan Province,China was carded out.Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species,while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera,ten species.We described rugose coral fauna(12 genera,19 species)including one new genus and five new species,i.e.Protoketophyllum daguanense gen.et sp.nov..Crassilasma huanggexiense sp.nov.,Pseudophaulactis heae sp.nov.,P.convolutus sp.nov.,and Shensiphyllum minor sp.nov..The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed.Particularly,mgose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian(Llandovery)mgose coral assemblages in Yangtze region.It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch.     

Lower Carboniferous (middle Visean) foraminifers and algae from an interior sea,Southern Carnarvon Basin,Australia

A moderate diversity biota of foraminifers, algae and calcareous microproblematica is recorded from the Lower Carboniferous Yindagindy Formation within the intracratonic Southern Carnarvon Basin in Western Australia. Very shallow metahaline to hypersaline conditions are suggested. The palaeobotanical components are sporadic calcitarcha, tuberitinaceans, codiaceans Orthriosiphon? sp. 1, dasycladaleans? Koninckopora tenuiramosa, and algosponges Issinella devonica, Serrisinella cf. serrensis, Issinella? sp. 1, Kamaena cf. awirsi, Proninella? sp. and Stacheoides spp. The foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by a new koktjubinid taxon: Praekoktjubina yindagindyensis nov. gen., nov. sp. Subordinate associated foraminifers are more sporadic Salpingothurammina? sp. 1, Plectinopsis michelseni nov. gen., nov. sp., Rectopravina multifida nov. gen., nov. sp. (with 4 morphotypes), and scarce Endothyra spp. Despite many of these taxa being endemic, a middle Visean age is probable, based on: (1) the maximum global geographic extent of K. tenuiramosa reached during the middle Visean, (2) the disappearance of Plectinopsis nov. gen. in Palaeotethys and the Urals, and (3) the first occurrence of Praekoktjubina nov. gen. in Palaeotethys. An age no older than the middle Visean is supported by sparse conodonts from the Formation and comparison to episodes of carbonate deposition in the Bonaparte Basin, further north in the East Gondwana rift system. Absence of middle Visean archaediscoids may be due to high salinity. The following algal and foraminiferal families and superfamilies are emended: Scribroporellaceae (a lectotype is selected for Orthriosiphon saskatchewanense); Palaeospiroplectamminidae (due to the creation of Plectinopsis nov. gen.); Haplophragminoidea (due to the creation of Rectopravina nov. gen.); and Globivalvulinoidea and Koktjubinidae (due to the creation of Praekoktjubina nov. gen.).     

A new Carboniferous rugose coral genus from northern England

Pleionastraea gen. nov. of the family Lithostrotionidae is described from the Lower Carboniferous Brigantian Stage of northern England. Two species, P. magna P. matura , are referred to it. This astraeoid/thamnasterioid genus is distinguished from Orionastraea by its larger dimensions, but is considered to have followed the same evolutionary trend of a gradual breakdown of the corallite wall.