中国中三叠世龙蝎蛉新科的发现(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述龙蝎蛉新科Drakonochoristidae fam. nov.和1新亚科及其2新属、种和1个老亚科。2新属种的化石标本采自中国陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。新科性质及其分类位置在文中进行讨论。新科的建立填补这个类群在中国的空白,同时对于小蝎蛉科Nannochoristidae和二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae的演化关系的研究有一定的意义。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stage)。     

中国陕西铜川中三叠世二叠蝎蛉科两新属两新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中国陕西中三叠统铜川组二叠蝎蛉科Permochoristidae Tillyard,1918 2新属及2新种:陕西蝎蛉属Shaanxichorista gen.nov.,何家坊陕西蝎蛉S.hejiafangensis sp.nov.和化石蝎蛉属Choristites gen.nov.,马廷生化石蝎蛉C.matinsoni sp.nov.,前一新属以其翅呈近三角形;Sc很长,伸达R端部,带3支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;Rs MA主干明显短于MA;MP带5支,很早与Sc R MA汇合,之后与之分离,又与CuA汇合,形成一支合并脉M CuA;Pt不明显等特征与中蝎蛉属Mesochorista、秦蝎蛉属Qinochorista区别.后一新属以其翅呈近卵形;Sc、Rs很长,伸达R端部;Sc带6支脉;Rs与MA各自带2支;MA柄稍短于Rs MA主干;MA基部弯曲;MP带5支,基部弯曲,直接与CuA汇合,形成R MP CuA;Pt不明显等特征的脉序结构可与中蝎蛉属Mesocho-rista、里阿斯蝎蛉属Liassochorista明显区别.新属、种系陕西昆虫群(属中三叠世陕西生物群、也是陕西动物群的一个化石门类)铜川昆虫组合的新成员.时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(或阶)(Ladinian Stage).     

中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科三新属新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae 4属4种,其中包括3新属4新种：Longifurcula hejiafangensi gen.et sp.nov,Ladinochorista lata gen.et sp.nov.,Allochorista erdosensis gen.et sp.nov.,Itaphlebia tongchuanensis sp.nov..化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩.这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群铜川昆虫组合的新成员（属陕西动物群、陕西生物群的一个类别）.根据前人的植物、孢子、双壳、叶肢介、介形虫、昆虫化石等的研究结果,铜川组的时代划归中三叠世,相当于欧洲中三叠世拉丁尼期（Ladinian stage）.     

中国陕西中三叠世直脉蝎蛉科和新直脉蝎蛉科新属、种(昆虫纲,长翅目)(英文)

记述直脉蝎蛉科两亚属的两新种和新直脉蝎蛉科1新属、种,并讨论其分类位置.这些新属种是本区独特的地方性类群,对地层划分与对比有一定的意义.化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠统铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥页岩.这些新属种也是铜川昆虫组合的新成员,属陕西昆虫群(系陕西生物群的一个化石类别).根据陕西生物群的特征,其时代相当欧洲中三叠世拉丁期(Ladinian Stage).     

中国陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科一新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard,19181新种,宽形中蝎蛉Mesopanorpodes latus sp.nov.。化石标本采自于陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。新种属于陕西昆虫群铜川昆虫组合的新成员(属陕西动物群、陕西生物群的一个类别)。模式标本保存于北京自然博物馆标本馆。     

仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(昆虫纲,长翅目)在中国陕西首次发现

报道迄今仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids)在中国陕西发现.经研究确定1新属1新种:Sinothuama ladinica gen.et sp.,归入仙女蝎蛉科Meropeidae Handlisch,1906.此次这类化石的发现,其意义在于:首次发现迄今世界上仙女蝎蛉科的最古老化石(meropeids),从而打破了俄国学者发现最古老仙女蝎蛉化石在晚三叠世所保持30余年的纪录;并根据从晚三叠世至新生代中仙女蝎蛉化石的不同种类所反映出来的脉序变化特征,推论仙女蝎蛉早期分异于在三叠纪,继承和发展于侏罗纪.化石采自中国陕西铜川地区中三叠统铜川组(Tr2t),时代相当于欧洲标准时代的拉丁尼期(Ladinian stage).     

美蝎蛉化石在中国首次发现(昆虫纲,长翅目)

描述了美蝎蛉化石2新属2新种:Tsuchingothaumashihi gen.et sp.nov.,Typhothauma yixianensis gen. et sp.nov..化石采自于中国东北侏罗纪非海相地层中.这是美蝎蛉化石在中国的首次发现.新的化石表明美蝎蛉的早期分异在中侏罗世就已存在.     

中国蚊蝎蛉属四新种记述(长翅目,蚊蝎蛉科)

记述了中国蚊蝎蛉属Bittacus Latreille 4新种,即暗蚊蝎蛉Bittacus obscurus sp.nov.,浅黄蚊蝎蛉Bittacusflavidus sp nov,长突蚊蝎蛉Bittacus longiprocessus sp.nov.和四边蚊蝎蛉Bittacus trapezoideus sp.nov..模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

蝎蛉属Panorpa一新种记述(长翅目:蝎蛉科)

记述采自河南省王屋山的蝎蛉属Panorpa Linn．1新种：王屋山蝎蛉Panorpa wangwushana,sp．nov．。模式标本分别保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆和郑州大学生物系。     

New scorpionflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Permochoristidae) from the Ufimian of Cisuralia

Two new species of Protopanorpa Carpenter (Mecoptera: Permochoristidae), P. longicubitalis sp. nov. and P. similis sp. nov. from the Ufimian Solikamsk Horizon of the Perm Region (Tyulkino locality) are described. Scorpionflies of Tyulkino are compared with scorpionflies of the Kungurian Chekarda locality (Perm Region) and the Early Kazanian Soyana locality (Arkhangelsk Region).     

The first agetopanorpine mecopteroid insect from Middle Permian of China (Insecta: Mecoptera: Permochoristidae)

Sinoagetopanorpa permiana n. gen., n. sp., first Chinese Permian Agetopanorpinae, is described and compared to the other genera of this group.     

New species of Thylacocephala (Arthropoda) from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Chaohu,Anhui Province of China

We describe a new species of Thylacocephala, Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis sp. nov., from the Upper Spathian (Early Triassic) of Chaohu, Anhui Province, China. It is diagnosed by its unique outline of the carapace, small size, and the narrow and asymmetrical anterior notch. Fine preservation reveals at least 14 posterior appendages, traces of gills and raptorial appendages, and remains of trunk segments and muscles in Ankitokazocaris for the first time. This is the first report of Thylacocephala from the Early Triassic of China, confirming the wide distribution of this group in the Tethys. The new species is closer to the type species of Ankitokazocaris, which is stratigraphically somewhat older, than to a recently described almost coeval species from Japan.     

A well-preserved aneuretopsychid from the Jehol Biota of China (Insecta, Mecoptera, Aneuretopsychidae)

The Aneuretopsychidae is an unspeciose and enigmatic family of long-proboscid insects that presently consist of one known genus and three species from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of north-central Asia. In this paper, a new genus and species of fossil aneuretopsychid is described and illustrated, Jeholopsyche liaoningensisgen. et sp. n. Fossils representing this new taxon were collected from mid Early Cretaceous strata of the well known Jehol Biota in Liaoning Province, China. This finding documents the first formal record of fossil Aneuretopsychidae in China. In addition, this well-preserved and new material reveals previously unknown and detailed morphological structure of the mouthparts, antennae, head, thorax, legs and abdomen of this distinctive insect lineage.     

New insects (Insecta: Mecoptera,Grylloblattida) from the Middle Permian Chepanikha locality,Udmurtia

New scorpionflies, Asiachorista europaea sp. nov. and Petromantis udmurtica sp. nov. (Mecoptera: Permochoristidae), and new grylloblattids, Tshepanichoptera lacera gen. et sp. nov. (Grylloblattida: Aliculidae) and Miralioma urzhumica sp. nov. (Liomopteridae), are described from the Urzhumian of Udmurtia (Chepanikha locality). Liomopterites novissimus Aristov, 2004 (Liomopteridae) is redescribed.     

New fossil hangingflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China

Abstract: Two new genera with six new species of hangingflies (Mecoptera: Raptipedia: Cimbrophlebiidae) are described. They were collected from the Middle Jurassic nonmarine sedimentary strata of the Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, north‐eastern China. This report of Cimbrophlebiidae from the Yanliao Biota provides detailed morphological information and evidence of a broad diversity of Cimbrophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. A key to the known species of Cimbrophlebiidae is provided.     

Four new species of hangingflies (Insecta,Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China

Two new species of Mongolbittacus Petrulevičius, Huang & Ren, 2007, Mongolbittacus speciosus sp. n. and Mongolbittacus oligophlebius sp. n., and two new species of Exilibittacus Yang, Ren & Shih, 2012, Exilibittacus foliaceus sp. n. and Exilibittacus plagioneurus sp. n., in the family Bittacidae, are described and illustrated based on five well-preserved fossil specimens. These specimens were collected from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. These new findings enhance our understanding of the morphological characters of early hangingflies and highlight the diversity of bittacids in the Mid Mesozoic ecosystems.     

Fossils from the Middle Jurassic of China shed light on morphology of Choristopsychidae (Insecta,Mecoptera)

Choristopsychidae, established by Martynov in 1937 with a single isolated forewing, is a little known extinct family in Mecoptera. Since then, no new members of this enigmatic family have been described. Based on 23 well-preserved specimens with complete body and wings from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China, we report one new genus and three new species of Choristopsychidae, two new species of the genus Choristopsyche Martynov, 1937: Choristopsyche perfecta sp. n. and Choristopsyche asticta sp. n.; one new species of Paristopsyche gen. n.: Paristopsyche angelineae sp. n.; and re-describe Choristopsyche tenuinervis Martynov, 1937. In addition, we emend the diagnoses of Choristopsychidae and Choristopsyche. Analyzing the forewing length/width ratios of representative species in Mecoptera, we confirm that choristopsychids have the lowest ratio of forewing length/width, meaning broadest forewings. These findings, the first fossil choristopsychids with well-preserved body structure and the first record of Choristopsychidae in China, shed light on the morphology of these taxa and broaden their distribution from Tajikistan to China, while increasing the diversity of Mesozoic Mecoptera in China.     

The larval abdomen of the enigmatic Nannochoristidae (Mecoptera,Insecta)

External and internal structures of the larval abdomen of Nannochorista are described in detail, with emphasis on the posterior segments. The results are compared with conditions found in other groups of Antliophora, especially the mecopteran subgroups Boreidae and Pistillifera. Like the entire postcephalic body, the larval abdomen of Nannochorista is extremely slender and nearly cylindrical. The anterior segments are largely unmodified. The surface is smooth and lacks any protuberances or prolegs. The term “cloaca” for the posterior membranous pouch of Nannochorista sp. is morphologically unjustified. A list of muscles of segments IX and X is presented. The abdominal musculature was partly homologized following Snodgrass. The muscles of segment X are highly modified. They move the membranous pouch, the anal papillae, and the terminal lobes. The presence of these structures is likely an adaptation to the specific aquatic life style of nannochoristid larvae. The anal papillae are possibly homologous to the 4-lobed terminal attachment apparatus of larvae of Caurinus (Boreidae) and Pistillifera (Panorpidae, Bittacidae, Choristidae) but this is uncertain. The specific condition in both groups, i.e. two retractile papillae with tracheae and Malpighian tubules in Nannochoristidae, and a 4-lobed exposed attachment device in Pistillifera + Boreidae (groundplan) are very likely autapomorphic for both groups, respectively. A slender abdomen with smooth surface is very likely plesiomorphic within Antliophora and Mecopterida. This condition is found in Trichoptera (partim), Nannochoristidae, Siphonaptera, and many basal groups of Diptera. An eruciform or scarabaeiform body shape with a soft, largely unsclerotised cuticle is probably a synapomorphy of Boreidae and Pistillifera. The presence of ventral protuberances resembling prolegs on the anterior segments is an autapomorphy of the latter group. The homology of paired or unpaired terminal appendages of segment X is uncertain. However, the specific condition of paired and 3-segmented appendages with hooks in Nannochoristidae is almost certainly autapomorphic for this family. The protracted opening of the hind gut on the membranous pouch is another potential autapomorphy of Nannochoristidae. Aquatic habits of larvae, also very likely an apomorphic condition, have likely evolved several times independently in Antliophora.