登革热Ⅳ型病毒在地鼠肾细胞培养内减毒的研究

本文报道登革热Ⅳ型病毒Ban18株通过原代地鼠肾细胞连续传代后的适应和减毒过程。 Ban18原株对原代地鼠肾细胞无病变或仅有极轻微病变,对乳小白鼠及断乳鼠的脑内毒力高达LD_(50)为Log6—7。通过连续传20—70代后,病变逐渐加重,出现时间缩短,二天即可达到细胞完全破坏。培养液内的病毒含量也随之提高达10~6—10~7/ml TCID_(50)。但随着传代代数增加,病毒对乳小白鼠的嗜神经毒力逐渐降低,脑内接种后仅个别发病或完全不致死。脑组织病理变化也较原株明显减轻,接种树鼩不产生病毒血症。以上结果符合弱毒株的减毒指标,是一株有希望的活疫苗毒株。     

地鼠肾细胞培养的CTN株狂犬病新疫苗研究

应用细胞毒种代替豚鼠脑毒种制备狂犬病地鼠肾细胞纯化疫苗。将狂犬病毒CTN株在原代地鼠肾细胞（PHKC）传代适应,用病毒培养液上清作为生产用毒种,结果通过在PHKC传10多代,适应后病毒滴度达到了7.0LogLD50/ml,并应用适应株（CTN－LS－HK）细胞毒种制备三批疫苗,其效力在6.11-6.55IU/ml,高于用aG株豚鼠脑毒种制备的三批疫苗效力（3.77-5.85IU/ml)。     

森林脑炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

森林脑炎（ＴＢＥ）病毒是黄病毒科中的成员,象其它的黄病毒一样,基因组ＲＮＡ含有单个开放阅读框架,在基因组的５′端编码病毒的结构蛋白,在３′端编码非结构蛋白,翻译成聚蛋白后,通过细胞和病毒编码的蛋白酶裂解产生单个的病毒蛋白,成熟的病毒是由两个相关的Ｅ和Ｍ膜蛋白脂质包膜所包围的立体对称的核衣壳组成。包膜Ｅ蛋白在病毒的感染周期中对细胞的识别和穿入细胞具有极其重要的功能,同时Ｅ蛋白诱导保护性的免疫反应,Ｅ蛋白内某一位点单个氨基酸的改变可引起病毒毒力的改变。因此,对ＴＢＥ病毒分子生物学的研究有助于了解病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的机理,为病毒感染的异性诊断、疫苗的研制和抗病毒药物的设计提供理论依据。     

云南森林脑炎病毒的动物敏感性研究

本文对分离自云南的森林脑炎病毒进行了动物敏感性研究,实验证明云南森林脑炎病毒对小白鼠有较强的致病性,三日龄乳鼠无论经脑内、腹腔、皮下接种均能致病、死亡,但毒力较国内森林脑炎病毒标准株低;三周龄小白鼠经鼻腔接种亦能发病致死。对乳大白鼠、幼年豚鼠和金黄色地鼠能引起发病或死亡,病毒抗原定位主要在脑组织。病理检查表明感染的各种动物脑组织均有明显病变。此外,对鸡胚敏感,能引起BHK_(21)、Vero、Vero-E_6等传代细胞及人胚肾、乳猪肾原代细胞的CPE_0结果表明了云南森林脑炎病毒对细胞、动物的致病性与国内森林脑炎病毒标准株相似,仅毒力稍低。     

森林脑炎病毒疫苗株的全基因组序列分析

实验设计针对森林脑炎病毒的特异性引物,以被森林脑炎疫苗株病毒感染的鼠脑组织中提取的总RNA为模板,用PCR方法分段逆转录合成、扩增序列并测序,应用DNASTAR软件比较分析。结果表明,该病毒疫苗株的全基因组由10782个核苷酸组成,编码3414个氨基酸。森林脑炎疫苗株病毒全基因序列的测定,为研究该病毒疫苗株的生物学特性提供了分子基础。     

不同狂犬病毒株在地鼠肾细胞上培养的病毒滴度与免疫原性比较

三个狂犬病毒株,分别经地鼠肾细胞培养,将其抗原含量,病毒滴度和免疫原性进行比较。结果显示,三个病毒株的抗原含量有差异。但差异显著性,CTN-V10M3的毒力最高,CTN-BHK3的毒力最低,aG株的毒力虽然居中,但免疫原性最好,它仍是最适于地鼠肾细胞上培养的毒株。     

流行性乙型脑炎猪肾组织培养疫苗的研究 Ⅰ.病毒的培养和疫苗的制备

为了改进流行性乙型脑炎疫苗的质量,在国内曾进行了乙醚提纯脑炎疫苗,白陶土和硫酸铵提纯病毒及疫苗以及鸡胚组织培养疫苗的研究。我系曾证明以流行性乙型脑炎病毒感染猪后能引起毒血症,其病毒滴度可达10-3.5。因此,在1958年我们开始用猪肾单层细胞来培养流行性乙型脑炎病毒,并进行了猪肾组织培养疫苗的研究。应用这种方法有可能制备出一种安全。     

森林脑炎疫苗的研究进展

森林脑炎是严重危害人类健康的中枢神经系统急性病毒性传染病,在欧洲森林脑炎为一种地方病也是最重要的由节肢动物传播的病毒性传染病,成为主要的公共卫生问题。森林脑炎在我国存在有三大疫区、六个自然疫源地,其中东北疫区最为严重。森林脑炎为我国法定的由生物因素引起的职业病之一。美国CDC将森林脑炎病毒列为C类病毒类生物武器,并优先发展疫苗。预防森林脑炎病毒感染和流行以及抵御病毒类生物武器的袭击最有效的方法就是接种森林脑炎疫苗,森林脑炎疫苗在预防森林脑炎发病过程中发挥着重要作用,本文将森林脑炎疫苗研究现状和疫苗的免疫预防效果作以概述。     

树Ju对森林脑炎病毒的敏感性及发病机理的研究

从云南新分离森林脑炎病毒（YH和T570及东北株经脑内、皮下及腹腔感染成年中国云南树Ju,均发生病毒血症,持续时间为7－9天。抗体应答反应和病理改变程度成反比,病变轻的能产生较好的免疫应答。血凝抑制抗体、中和抗体和补体结合抗体分别于感染后的第5、7、13天出现,且血凝抑制抗体和中和抗体的升高呈正相关。经抗原定位研究发现,腹腔注射后48小时,各组织器官均能查到抗原,除中枢神经系统外,其它组织内病毒抗原消失都很快,随病毒血症的消失而转阴,中枢神经系统携带抗原可持续27天,且病变随病程的延长而加重,表面为充血、血管周围淋巴细胞呈套状浸润,局灶性出血,神经元变性,胶质细胞增生,轴索断裂等,说明靶器官是中枢神经系统。试验表明,成年中国云南树Ju对森林脑炎病毒比较敏感,是森林脑炎病毒动物模型研究首选动物。     

森林脑炎自然疫源地样本的监测及病毒的分离研究

为了解森林脑炎疫源地的分布变化趋势及样本分离病毒的特性,采集了森林脑炎高发区周边的森林全沟硬蜱、血蜱样本及森林脑炎患者的脑组织样本,用小白鼠脑内接种法检测、分离病毒分离的病毒经鉴别试验证明为森林脑炎病毒：蜱、脑两种标本检测的阳性率分别为50％和100％、结果表明森林脑炎的疫区有从林区向农业区扩散的趋势,且全沟硬蜱的带毒率较高;森脑患者的脑组织样本与蜱标本病毒的性状育差异     

Humans and viruses determine the nature of virus vaccine production processes

Vaccine production processes result from the interaction between humans with a particular cell and virus system. The factors that control progress lie not only in the nature of the virus and animal cell but also in the history of the environment in which the process is to be developed. This latter constraint strongly influences the nature of the technical process that is chosen for the production of the vaccine rather than the achievement of efficiency based on one or other of the many possible engineering parameters of the virus production process. In addition to this it is also clear that we have much to learn about the production of viruses from animal cells in culture and that we may be aided by changing our present paradigm of the virus as a cellular enemy to that of the viruses are the cell's best friend.Paper presented at Cell Engineering III Meeting, Florida, 1992.     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)生产工艺病毒灭活验证

目的:验证重组乙型肝炎疫苗(CHO细胞)生产工艺灭活病毒能力,评价疫苗安全性。方法:将乙型肝炎疫苗原液按1∶9比例加入指示病毒(麻疹病毒、VSV病毒),混匀后加入甲醛溶液,使甲醛终浓度达到1/2000和1/4000,放置于37℃,分别于0h、24h、48h、72h取样,用亚硫酸氢钠中和,贮存于-70℃待检或立即检测病毒滴度,对病毒检测阴性的样品盲传3代,进一步检测。结果:疫苗原液加入1/2000和1/4000的甲醛溶液,37℃作用24h、48h、72h,麻疹病毒滴度下降4.0个Log值,VSV病毒滴度下降5.0个Log值,且细胞盲传三代,均未出现细胞病变。结论:乙型肝炎疫苗原液在1/2000和1/4000甲醛浓度37℃72h作用下,均能有效灭活麻疹病毒和VSV病毒。     

Potentiation of the destructive effect of heat (42°C) on synchronized cancer cells in culture by cell specific antiserum

1. 1. A kinetic study was made of the effects of hyperthermia and cell specific antibody on non-synchronized lag phase cultures and synchronized exponentially growing cultures of a malignant cell line. The effects on the degree of cell synchrony were also investigated.

2. 2. Hyperthermic treatment of synchronized SDB monolayer cell populations with maximum replication rate sensitized the cells to subsequent destruction by cell specific antibody.

3. 3. Hyperthermic treatment of SDB monolayer cultures with low replication rate and varying degrees of metabolic activity produced no such sensitization.

4. 4. Hyperthermia was disruptive to a synchrony procedure involving a blockade of DNA synthesis by excess thymidine.

H1N1流感病毒在微载体培养MDCK细胞上增殖的研究

目的探索MDCK细胞在微载体上的培养条件,并研究H1N1型流感病毒在MDCK细胞上的增殖条件。方法在微载体上培养好MDCK细胞上用H1N1型流感病毒在不同的病毒感染复数(MOI)、胰酶浓度两个关键的病毒增殖条件进行流感病毒在细胞上的增殖研究。结果微载体质量浓度为6 g/L时,MDCK细胞培养密度可以达到4.5×106cells/mL。在MOI为0.05接种流感病毒,胰酶质量浓度4μg/mL,流感病毒在MDCK细胞上可获得较高的滴度。结论 MDCK细胞用微载体培养可以达到较高的细胞密度,可以作为规模化生产新型流感病毒疫苗的主要细胞基质进行进一步的研究。     

Effect of aluminum chloride and zinc sulfate onAutographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV) replication in cell culture

Summary When IPL-Sf-21AE III continuous insect cell line was grown and maintained in IPL-41 insect cell culture medium supplemented with 16μM of AlCl₃ or 0.24μM of ZnSO₄·7H₂O, or both metallic salts, and then infected withAutographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, virus replication was increased significantly. The yield of polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) was enhanced up to 121%. Synthesis of cellfree nonoccluded virus was increased to 365% when infectivity was assayed by the plaque method. Newly applied electron microscopic quantitation and stereological techniques also revealed a significant increase in virus particles (VP) and in amount and size of PIB as well as number of VP per PIB. Part of this program was supported by Grant 58-3204-8-5 from the United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, and Grant DAR-8021956 from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. We are also indebted to the Edgar G. Tobin Foundation of San Antonio, Texas, for the donation of a Royco TC-927 cell counter, to Burkitt Foundation, Houston, Texas, for the Wescor Osmometer, and Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, Las Vegas, Nevada, for the Leitz microscopy equipment. Mention of a commercial product does not constitute a recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations on the renal parenchyma of the Egyptian Nile Monitor Lizard (Varanus niloticus)

Varanus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1766), the Nile monitor lizard, is considered the largest lizard in Africa and one of the most widespread. The Egyptian Nile monitor lizard exists in variable habitats, from grasslands to rainforests. This study pointed to investigate the light and ultrastructural features of the renal tissue of this lizard. Microscopically, the lizard nephron deprived from loop of henle and no demarcation could be detected between the cortical and medullary tissues. The renal corpuscles were small, but complex structures. The proximal convoluted tubules were lined by acidophilic cuboidal cells with hemosiderin pigment in their apical cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the distal convoluted tubular cells reacted strongly with alcian blue stain. The sexual segment of the lizard kidney was lined with high columnar cells with massive periodic acid–Schiff-positive/alcian blue-negative supra-nuclear granules. Ultrastructurally, the basal infoldings of the proximal convoluted cells were evident. Supra-nuclear electron-dense vesicles were detected in the cytoplasm of the sexual segment cells. In summary, the kidney of the Egyptian Nile monitor lizard shares many histochemical features with other reptiles. However, they own several structural specializations in order to adapt to their harsh environments. Future studies focusing on the histochemical components of the sexual segment secretion would be required.