超干贮藏对芥兰种子生活力和活力的影响

1年的监测结果显示：芥兰种子开放贮藏时的生活力和活力下降最快,超干种子(含水量为4．91％、3．25％和2．84％)具有良好的耐藏性,其种子发芽率和简化活力指数增大,抗老化能力、超氧物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增强,膜进性降低,以2．84％含水量的芥兰种子贮藏效果为最好。     

洋葱种子含水量与贮藏温度对其寿命的影响

不同含水量（MC 7．1％－1．2）的洋葱种子贮藏在35℃、室温、15℃和5℃条件下1－3年,适度超于处理能延长种子的贮藏寿命;种子的贮藏寿命与种子含水量和贮藏温度密切相关。种子贮藏的最适含水量随温度的改变而发生相应的变化,35℃时MC为3．4％;室温时为3．4％－3．5％;15℃时为4．5％－5．1％。MC≤2．2％不利于延长种子寿命。在室温自然条件下贮藏1－3年,适度超干种子（MC3．4％）内MDA和H2O2含量、O2^-产生速率和LOX活性明显地低于未超干种子（MC7．1％）和高度超干种子（MC1．2％）,而抗氧化酶AsA-POD 、CAT和SOD的活性显著地高于未超干种子（MC7．1％）和高度超干种子（MC1．2％）。据此认为对脂质过氧化的抑制作用是适度超干种子耐贮藏的生理原因之一。     

洋葱种子含水量与贮藏温度对其寿命的影响

不同含水量（MC7.1％～1.2％）的洋葱种子贮藏在35℃、室温、15℃和5℃条件下1～3年,适度超干处理能延长种子的贮藏寿命;种子的贮藏寿命与种子含水量和贮藏温度密切相关。种子贮藏的最适含水量随温度的改变而发生相应的变化,35℃时MC为3.4％;室温时为3.4％～4.5％;15℃时为4.5%～5.1％。MC≤2.2％不利于延长种子寿命。在室温自然条件下贮藏1～3年,适度超干种子（MC3.4％）内MDA和H2O2含量、O－*2产生速率和LOX活性明显地低于未超干种子（MC7.1％）和高度超干种子（MC1.2％）,而抗氧化酶AsA-POD、CAT和SOD的活性显著地高于未超干种子（MC7.1％）和高度超干种子（MC1.2％）。据此认为对脂质过氧化的抑制作用是适度超干种子耐贮藏的生理原因之一。     

种子的寿命与贮藏

种子是活的有机体,是植物生命的基础,它对农林园艺生产的关系十分密切。植物学上的种子,是指受精后发育成熟的胚珠。生产上所指的种子,是泛指能“传宗接代”的播种材料,包括种子、播种用的果实和无性繁殖器官。     

超干贮藏杜仲种子的研究

杜仲种子含水量降至３．５％以下,其耐藏力增强。经５０℃１０天人工加速老化后,表现出较强的抗老化能力。室温贮藏２年后,与５℃、－２０℃条件贮藏种子相比,发芽率、根长及活力指数等均无显著性差异。超干种子比对照种子（含水量７．５％,室温贮藏）电导率降低４５％;脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的积累减少;对脱氢酶活性的保持能力比常规种子增强。超干种子幼苗的吸氧量高于对照种子。经过氧化物酶同工酶谱分析,超干种     

贮藏温度和种子含水量对洋葱种子发芽率的影响

贮藏温度低于15℃时,温度对洋葱种子发芽率影响变小,种子含水量低于8.8%时,其衰老过程变慢,高含水量种子在高温下贮存,衰老过程加快,含水量为100%和13%的种子在25℃下贮存分别不到5个月和2个月就失去商品性。     

超干贮藏提高梭梭种子的耐贮藏性

梭梭 (HaloxylonammodendronBge .)的种子为短命种子 ,在自然状态下 ,种子的含水量为 8.5 % ,寿命约为 10个月。将梭梭种子含水量降至 2 .5 %和 1.4% ,其耐贮藏力增强。经过 5 0℃下 5d和 10d的人工加速老化后 ,超干种子表现出较强的抗老化能力。与对照相比 ,超干种子具有较高的萌发率、活力指数及较长的根 ,其细胞膜具有较低的电导率和较高的脱氢酶活性     

超干贮藏提高梭梭种子的耐贮藏性

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron Bge.)的种子为短命种子,在自然状态下,种子的含水量为8.5%,寿命约为10个月.将梭梭种子含水量降至2.5%和1.4%,其耐贮藏力增强.经过50 ℃下5 d和10 d的人工加速老化后,超干种子表现出较强的抗老化能力.与对照相比,超干种子具有较高的萌发率、活力指数及较长的根,其细胞膜具有较低的电导率和较高的脱氢酶活性.     

不同含水量大葱种子贮藏后的脂肪代谢研究

将大葱种子干燥成1．8％-10．5％的不同含水量后。在50℃、35℃、20℃和-18℃条件下密闭贮存16个月。通过对棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量的研究,结果表明,随着贮存温度的升高,种子中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量不断升高,但在20℃和-18℃的差异不明显。在50℃下含水量为1．8％～6．6％的种子。5种脂肪酸含量明显大于含水量为7．4％-10.5％的种子。     

头花蓼种子贮藏与寿命研究

目的:研究包装材料、贮藏时间和环境对头花蓼种子发芽率的影响,为其贮藏提供科学方法。方法:将头花蓼种子分别装于牛皮纸袋与棉布袋后,置干燥器、冰箱里及室温下贮藏12个月时测发芽率,以后每隔6个月测1次发芽率,直至室温下的发芽率为零时。结果:用透气性良好的棉布袋与用透气性较差的牛皮纸袋包装贮藏头花蓼种子,其发芽率无显著差异。头花蓼种子贮藏于室温下18个月时,发芽率就显著下降,30个月时,发芽率降为零;贮藏于冰箱中24个月时,发芽率才显著降低,30个月时,仍有发芽能力;而贮藏于干燥器中达30个月时,发芽率才明显下降。结论:包装材料的透气性差异对头花蓼种子的发芽率无显著影响。头花蓼种子的寿命为30个月,干燥和低温环境能延长其寿命。     

Seed storage: maintaining seed viability and vigor for restoration use

Effective seed storage after sourcing (harvesting or purchasing) is critical to restoration practitioners and native seed producers, as it is key to maintaining seed viability. Inadequate seed storage can lead to a waste of both natural and economic resources when seeds of poor quality are sown. When working with native species with unknown storage behavior, general assumptions can be made based on studies on related species, and standard practices may be applied with caution; however, an investigation should be conducted to understand if specific storage requirements are needed and for how long seeds can be stored before they lose significant viability. In this paper of the Special Issue Standards for Native Seeds in Ecological Restoration, we provide an overview of the key concepts in seed storage and the steps to take for effective storage of native seeds for restoration use.     

超干贮藏榆树种子萌发过程中ATP和可溶性糖含量的变化

经过超干(种子含水量3.73%)贮藏(普通室温下2个月)的榆树种子萌发过程中ATP与可溶性糖含量和ATP酶、淀粉酶、抗氧化酶的活性都高于对照(种子含水量9.34%,普通室温下贮臧),说明适度的超干贮藏有利于保持种子活力.     

Low Moisture Content Limits to Relations Between Seed Longevity and Moisture

Discontinuities at low moisture contents in the otherwise logarithmicrelations between seed longevity and seed moisture content (%,f. wt basis) in hermetic storage at 65 °C were detectedat 2–0% in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), 3·5%in onion (Allium cepa L.), 4·5% in sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.), 4·6% in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 5·3%in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestinumL.), and 5·6% in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.].In contrast, the equilibrium relative humidity of seeds at thesevalues was similar, varying between 9·9% (onion and sugarbeet) and 11·5% (wheat). The mean value was 10·5%r.h. (s.e. 0.2). There was no significant (P > 0·05)effect of further reduction in seed moisture content below thesecritical values on longevity, except in wheat (P < 0·005),in which there was a further increase in longevity. In soyabean [Glycine max (L) Merrill], the logarithmic relation continueddown to the lowest moisture content investigated, 3·3%(11·4% equilibrium relative humidity). Above the criticalvalue, seed longevity in groundnut showed the least sensitivityto increase in percentage moisture content, while barley showedthe greatest, the values of the viability constant C_w (slopeof the negative logarithmic relation between longevity and moisture)being 4·089 (s.e. 0·278) and 5·966 (s.e.0·325), respectively. These differences in the valueof C_w among the eight crops were significant P < 0·005),whereas the relative sensitivity of seed longevity to changein equilibrium relative humidity above the critical moisturecontent did not differ significantly among the eight (P >0·10) and was equivalent to a doubling of longevity foreach 8·7% reduction in equilibrium relative humidity.Accordingly it is concluded that the relative effect of waterpotential on seed longevity can be considered to be the samefor these and probably also for many other orthodox species. Barley, chickpea, cowpea, groundnut, onion, soya bean, sugar beet, wheat, seed storage, seed longevity, seed moisture content, viability equation, water relations     

沙芥和斧形沙芥种子萌发对土壤含水量的适应性

以中国特有种沙芥[Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn.]和濒危种斧形沙芥(Pugionium dolabratum Max-im.)的种子为研究材料,利用自然生境的沙土在室内进行种子萌发人工模拟试验,研究沙芥和斧形沙芥种子萌发、幼苗出土和幼苗生长对土壤含水量的适应性。结果表明:沙芥和斧形沙芥果实适宜萌发的土壤含水量范围均为6%～12%,适宜出苗的土壤含水量范围均为6%～16%。当土壤含水量低于2%时,果实不能萌发;当土壤含水量低于3%时,幼苗不能出土定居;当土壤含水量为6%～12%时,最有利于幼苗的生长。当土壤含水量分别为3%～8%和4%～8%时,沙芥和斧形沙芥植株根冠比最大。因此,沙芥和斧形沙芥种子萌发机制对沙生环境有着极强的适应性;植株将更多的同化物用于根系生长,以吸收更深层次的水分,从而适应含水量低的土壤。     

植物种子寿命的生理及分子机制研究进展

种子寿命是衡量种子质量高低的关键指标之一,直接关系到种子萌发、萌发后幼苗的生长发育以及作物产量高低。种子寿命的调控是一个复杂的生物学过程,影响种子寿命的因素包括环境因素、种子自身的结构、营养成分组成及含量以及调控种子寿命相关的关键基因。研究储藏过程中种子生理生化指标的变化,以及相应关键基因的生物学功能,掌握调控种子寿命的生理及分子机制,对于减少种子内部能量消耗,进一步延长种子寿命具有重要意义。该文综述了近年来国内外有关调控种子寿命的生理及分子机制,重点阐述了调控种子寿命的相关关键基因的研究进展,并讨论了各种外部因素对种子寿命的调控机理。     

土壤水分对高山红景天生长和红景天甙含量的影响

温室中3种土壤水分条件(土壤相对含水量分别为35％～55％、55％～75％和75％～95％)下,以55％～75％土壤相对含水量上生长的高山红景天的株高、生物量、红景天甙含量和产量最高。     

The Effect of Temperature and Moisture Content on the Longevity of Seed of Ulmus carpinifolia and Terminalia brassii

Seeds of the Smooth-leafed Elm (Uimus carpinifolia) and of thetropical forest tree Terb (Terminalia brassii) were stored hermeticallyand sampled at intervals for periods of up to two years. Bothspecies possess ‘orthodox’ seed (increasing longevityis observed as either moisture content or temperature are reduced)within the temperature ranges from — 13 to 52°C (Elm)and from —4 to 42°C (Terb) and within the moisturecontent ranges from 3 to 19 per cent (Elm) and from 5 to 14per cent (Terb) on a fresh weight basis. Elm seed stored at—75°C showed the expected relationship between longevityand moisture content, but did not differ significantly in longevityfrom seed kept at — 13°C when moisture contents wereheld constant. Probit analysis of the relationship between germinationpercentage and time was performed for each storage environment,yielding a slope from which the standard deviation of the distributionof seed deaths over time () was calculated. Standard deviationvalues were used in turn to determine the values of constantsin a viability equation which had previously been applied toseed of barley, chickpea, cowpea and soybean. The equation,which gave a good fit to the results obtained, can be used topredict viability for seed in storage over a wide range of environmentalconditions. Some limitations to the applicability of the viability equationwere defined. At 22 per cent and higher moisture contents Elmseed survived longer than predicted. Furthermore, all Elm andTerb seed was killed quickly on placing in —75°C at22 and 20 per cent moisture content respectively, but high viabilitywas retained for several days at 19 and 17 per cent respectively.Practical implications of the results are discussed. Uimus carpinifolia Gleditsch, Smooth-leafed Elm, Terminalia brassii Exell, Terb, seed longevity, seed storage, moisture content, temperature     

A Low-Moisture-Content Limit to Logarithmic Relations Between Seed Moisture Content and Longevity

Seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), sunflower (Helianthusannuus L.) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) showed negativelogarithmic relations between longevity and moisture contentsbetween 4.4 and 15.4, 3.2 and 13.0, and 3.2 and 15.5%, respectively,in hermetic storage at 65 °C. However, between 1.8 and 3.1,1.1 and 1.9, and 1.1 and 2.1%, respectively, longevity did notvary. The critical moisture content, below which further reductionin moisture content no longer increased longevity in hermeticstorage at 65 °C, for each species was 4.1, 2.04 and 2.7%,respectively. Quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., linseed, Linum usitatissimum L., seed storage, improved viability equation, seed longevity, seed moisture content