拟南芥花粉细胞质游离钙离子荧光测定法

以拟南芥花粉为材料,利用低温装载法在完整的花粉粒中,成功地载入酯化形式的钙离子荧光探针Fura-2/AM。利用荧光比率分析法对花粉细胞质中游离钙离子的分布特点进行研究并测定了花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度。结果表明花粉萌发初期细胞质内游离钙离子呈极性分布,萌发沟附近的钙离子浓度明显高于其它部位,萌发孔附近最高,花粉细胞核中最低。花粉粒细胞萌发状态下的[Ca2 ]i=246±38nmol/L,该值与花粉粒细胞萌发状态下游离钙离子浓度用其它方法测得值接近,进一步表明所建立的用Fura-2/AM检测拟南芥花粉粒细胞质游离钙离子的方法是可靠的。     

外源钙调素与拟南芥悬浮培养细胞结合位点的观测及其胞外效应

以拟南芥悬浮培养细胞为实验体系,借助外源荧光及同位素标记钙调素,研究结果表明外源钙调素不能被主动内吞入细胞内,而是主要以完整分子形式结合在细胞外表面;外源纯化钙调素可促进正向型质膜囊泡中的鸟苷酸三磷酸水解酶活性升高,也可引起拟南芥悬浮细胞质游离钙离子浓度的特异升高,表明外源钙调素可能通过细胞表面位点跨膜信号转换为细胞内信号,从而调节生物学活性。     

增强UV-B辐射对小麦根尖细胞游离钙离子分布的影响

以小麦根尖为材料,利用低温装载法在根尖细胞中成功地装载了酯化形式的钙离子荧光指示剂fluo-3/AM,利用激光共聚焦显微技术检测了增强UV-B辐射后小麦根尖细胞内游离钙离子荧光强度的分布,并对胞质内游离钙离子浓度进行了测定.结果表明:(1)对照组小麦根尖细胞内钙离子荧光主要分布于细胞胞质周缘;而经UV-B辐射处理后,细胞内钙离子荧光不仅分布在胞质周缘,且在细胞壁与胞间隙可观察到大量钙离子荧光.(2)对单个细胞内钙离子荧光强度进行测定,发现UV-B处理使细胞胞质内游离钙离子浓度明显升高.     

β-肾上腺素受体调控心肌细胞兴奋收缩耦联的分子过程研究

兴奋收缩耦联是肌细胞兴奋期间由动作电位触发肌质网释放钙离子,从而导致收缩的过程。心肌细胞的兴奋收缩耦联是通过“钙致钙释放（Ca^2＋-induced Ca^2＋ release）的机制完成的。兴奋期间,细胞膜电位的去极化导致电压依赖性的L．型钙通道（LCC）开放,细胞外钙离子通过LCC流入细胞,激活了肌质网膜上称为ryanodine受体（RyR）的钙释放通道,后者从肌质网钙库中释放钙离子,使细胞质游离钙浓度迅速上升。细胞质钙浓度的升高一方面启动细胞收缩,另一方面激活了肌质网钙泵和细胞膜钠钙交换,二者分别将钙离子运回肌质网或细胞外,使细胞质钙浓度很快回落,从而完成了一次“钙瞬变（Ca^2＋ transient）”。钙瞬变在每个心动周期发生一次,是直接控制细胞收缩的细胞内信号。     

百合花粉细胞中钙离子的荧光测定法

以川百合花粉为材料,利用孵育法在花粉原生质体中,特别是利用低温装载法在完整花粉粒中,成功地载入酯化形成的钙离子荧光探针fluo-3AM,利用激光共聚焦显微技术对花粉细胞质中游离钙离子的分布特点进行了研究的结果表明,花粉萌发初期细胞质内游离钙离子呈极性分布,萌发沟附近的钙离子浓度明显高于其他部位,萌发孔附近最高,花粉细胞核中较低,文中对低温装载法的可行性进行了讨论。     

植物细胞中的钙离子传导

近年来的研究表明，Ca2＋在植物细胞的信号转导过程中一直起着非常重要的作用。通常，生活细胞内游离钙的浓度保持在30—200nmol/L的范围内, 但来自细胞外或细胞内的各种刺激，则可引起细胞内游离钙浓度的瞬时变化，从而使Ca2＋通过不同的信号转导途径，直接或间接地调节细胞生理和生化过程。在植物细胞的生命活动过程中，Ca2＋的调节功能表现为多种多样，其中包括离子运输、细胞运动、糖类代谢、细胞分裂、细胞分泌以及基因表达等等。有人研究发现，在植物细胞间隙、细胞壁以及液泡中Ca2＋的浓度远高于细胞内游离钙浓度，它们是细胞质…     

百合花粉细胞中钙离子的荧光测定法1

以川百合花粉为材料,利用孵育法在花粉原生质体中,特别是利用低温装载法在完整花粉粒中,成功地载入酯化形式的钙离子荧光探针fluo-3AM.利用激光共聚焦显微技术对花粉细胞质中游离钙离子的分布特点进行研究的结果表明,花粉萌发初期细胞质内游离钙离子呈极性分布,萌发沟附近的钙离子浓度明显高于其他部位,萌发孔附近最高,花粉细胞核中较低.文中对低温装载法的可行性进行了讨论.     

G蛋白调节剂对梨花粉萌发及花粉胞内Ca2+浓度变化的影响

用激光共聚焦技术研究了异三聚体G蛋白活性调节剂对梨花粉萌发、花粉管生长及花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度动态的影响。结果表明：异三聚体G蛋白激活剂霍乱毒素(CTX)可促进梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长,而其抑制剂百日咳毒素(PTX)则抑制花粉萌发与花粉管生长;霍乱毒素处理后,花粉细胞内产生特异性的“钙瞬变”信号,而百日咳毒素处理后则引起花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度的持续下降。这表明：异三聚体G蛋白可能参与了梨花粉萌发与花粉管生长的调控过程,G蛋白的活性变化对花粉萌发的效应可能是通过调控花粉细胞内游离Ca^2 浓度的动态变化产生特异性的钙信号来实现的。     

凝血酶引致的血小板内钙,镁离子浓度及分布状态的变化

我们使用荧光探针ｆｕｒａ２、ｍａｇ－ｆｕｒａ２和ｆｌｕｏ３测定了凝血酶引致的血小板凝聚过程中细胞内钙、镁离子浓度的变化及分布状态。在０．５Ｕ／ｍｌ凝血酶作用下,血小板细胞内钙离子浓度呈双时相变化。血小板细胞群中细胞内钙离子浓度呈正态分布。伴随血小板凝聚时细胞内钙离子浓度增加,血小板细胞内游离镁离子浓度也明显增加,提示镁离子在血小板凝聚中有重要的作用。     

蚕豆下表皮细胞外钙调素的存在及其对气孔运动的调节

细胞外钙调素可能作为多肽第一信使,调节细胞增殖,花粉萌发,特定基因表达等生理过程,气孔能灵敏地对外界刺激作出反应,快速开闭,本文用免疫电镜和免疫荧光显微镜技术证明保卫细胞及其它表皮细胞胞外都存在钙调素;外源纯化钙调素能促进气孔关闭,抑制气孔开放,最适浓度为10^-8mol/L;不能透过质膜的大分子钙调素拮抗剂W—-agarose和钙调素抗血清都能抑制气孔关闭,促进开放,说明保卫细胞的内源胞外钙调素确实能促进气孔关闭,抑制开放。而且只能在细胞外起作用,推测在自然情况下,保卫细胞内源胞外钙调素可能作为胞外第一信使和其它信号分子一起调节气孔的开关运动,而且可能在环境刺激与细胞响应之间起重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.