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1.
水稻叶片性状和根系活力的QTL定位 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
应用由247个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系(RIL)群体及其分子标记连锁图谱,检测控制剑叶、倒二叶、倒三叶的5个形态性状和控制根系伤流量性状的数量性状座位(QTL)。在9个标记区间检测到控制叶片形态性状的24个QTL,LOD值为2.9~11.8,单个QTL的表型变异贡献率为4.0%~32.5%;分别检测到56对和4对控制叶片形态和根系活力的上位性互作,绝大多数互作发生在2个不表现加性效应的座位之间。与该群体产量性状QTL的研究结果相比较,发现控制叶片性状和根系活力的QTL与产量性状QTL往往处于相似的染色体区间。 相似文献
2.
水稻产量库相关穗部性状的遗传分析 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
收人李源于珍汕97/明恢63的重组系群体中与产量库容有关的10个穗部性状的表现型数据。总体上,每穗颖花数与每穗二次枝梗数、每个二次枝梗上的颖花数、颖花密度有更大的相关性。对所研究的10个性状,两年间共检测到53个QTLs。约43.4%的QTLs能在两年同时检测到。5个染色体区域(第1染色体上G359-RG532和C567-C86-RG236,第2染色体上R712-RM29,第6染色体上P-RG424,第10染色体上C148-RM258)分别对多个穗部性状表现出效应。结果显示相关性状的QTLs大致定位在相似的染色体区域,这表明基因的多效性或紧密连锁是穗部性状间相关的遗传基因。在检测到的大量2位点互作对中,约18.2%在两年都能被检测到。不同性状的共同互作对的比例为8.7%~32.6%。在两年都能检测到2位点组合中,约26.7%的组合同时影响着多个性状,表现出多效效应。结果表明每个性状都由数个QTL、基因型与环境互作、大量的上位性互作所控制。 相似文献
3.
土壤盐渍化是一个世界性的资源问题和生态问题,是限制水稻生长发育、基因表达和产量的一个重要因子[1]. 相似文献
4.
水稻分蘖角度的QTL定位和主效基因的遗传分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
利用水稻籼粳亚种间组合Asominori×IR24重组自交系(RIL)群体71个株系和相应的全基因组染色体片段置换系(Chromosomesegmentsubstitutionline,CSSL)群体65个株系,在2种环境下对分蘖角度性状进行了数量性状基因座(QTL)定位和上位性效应的遗传分析。在两种群体中都出现了分蘖角度的超亲分离。在RIL群体中发现了5个主效QTLs和3对上位性双位点互作标记基因座,控制水稻分蘖角度。其中在第9染色体上位于XNpb108~C506RFLP分子标记区间的qTA-9基因座在2种环境中同时出现,其贡献率平均为28·6%,增加分蘖角度的等位基因来自籼稻品种IR24。利用CSSL群体图示基因型分析,证实在第9染色体上含有RFLP标记C609和C506约15cM的染色体区段,存在增加分蘖角度的基因,来源于染色体片段供体亲本IR24,在Asominori的遗传背景中能增加分蘖角度约15°,该基因的位置与RIL群体在第9染色体上定位的QTL相同,证实了qTA-9的存在。F1表型测定及F2代遗传分析表明,来自IR24的等位基因是一个不完全显性基因。除一对上位性位点存在显著的环境互作效应外,未发现其他位点存在与环境的互作效应。不同基因的加性效应和双位点的上位性效应的共同作用可能是造成水稻分蘖角度超亲分离的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
水稻株高构成因素的QTL剖析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用水稻籼粳杂交 (圭 6 30× 0 2 42 8) F1 的花药离体培养建立的一个含 81个 DH家系的作图群体 ,对水稻株高构成因素 (穗长、第 1节间长、……、第 5节间长 )进行基因定位。DH群体中株高构成因素均呈正态分布。相邻的构成因素间呈极显著的正相关 ,而相距较远的构成因素间的相关较弱或不显著。采用 QTL(Quantitative trait lo-cus)分析 ,定位了影响株高构成因素的 6个 QTL:qtl7同时影响穗长和第 1、2、3节间长 ,qtl1 和 qtl2 同时影响第 4和第 5节间长 ,qtl1 0 a和 qtl1 0 b仅影响第 1节间长 ,qtl3 仅影响第 3节间长。采用 QTL 互作分析 ,检测到 19对显著的互作 ,每个构成因素受 2个或 2个以上的 QTL 互作对的影响。并且还发现 ,同一个 QTL 互作对可能影响不同的性状 ,以及一个 QTL 可以分别与不同的 QTL 产生互作而影响同一个性状或影响不同的性状 ,但总的看来 ,加性效应是主要的。这些结果揭示了株高构成因素间相关的遗传基础 ,在水稻育种中运用这些 QTL 将有助于对株高 ,以及对穗长和上部节间长度进行精细的遗传调控。 相似文献
6.
用由247个株系组成的珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体及其含207个分子标记的连锁图谱,在2002年和2003年分别测定亲本和重组自交系群体开花后10 d和20 d籽粒的淀粉分支酶的活性,检测到3个控制开花后10 d Q酶活性的主效应QTL(qnantitative trait loci),联合贡献率为10%,其中qQ10-6与环境发生显著的互作;分别检测到5对和2对染色体区间对开花后10 d、20 d Q酶活性的影响具有加性×加性上位性作用,其中开花后10 d的3对染色体区间具有显著的上位性×环境互作效应.由此可见,水稻籽粒Q酶活性相关基因的表达,受到环境因子的极大影响. 相似文献
7.
为了研究不同水分条件下组成型根系性状和适应性根系性状的遗传机制,利用由IR64/Azucena发展的双单倍体(DH)群体分析了淹水和干旱条件下水稻幼苗种子根长(SRL)、不定根数(ARN)、总根干重(RW)及其对应的相对参数(干旱和淹水条件下根系性状的比值)的QTLs。淹水与干旱条件下检测到一个共同的种子根长QTL和一个共同的总根干重QTL。同时对前人发表的遗传群体定位的根系性状QTLs进行比较分析,检测到几个共同的根系性状QTLs。对与细胞伸长、分裂相关的候选基因进行了定位,其中4个细胞壁相关的ESTs(OsEXP2,OsEXP4,EXT和Xet)被定位在与不同水分条件下检测出的根系性状QTLs的相同区间。 相似文献
8.
水稻苗期根系性状的数量遗传分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根系不仅是水稻吸水吸肥和支持地上部的重要器官 ,同时也是许多重要生理活性物质的合成器官 ,发达的根系是水稻生长发育和产量形成的基础〔1,2〕。在我国水稻生产中具有重要地位的杂交水稻之所以高产稳产 ,其生理基础之一就是其根系发达 ,吸肥吸水能力强 ,生理代谢旺盛 〔3,4〕。由于对根系的观测很烦琐 ,因此在过去的育种实践中很少将其列入育种计划。今天 ,随着分子标记技术的发展 ,分子标记辅助选择 (marker- assisted selection,MAS)使得育种学家能较简便地对根系性状进行有针对性的选择和改良〔5,6〕。因此 ,有必要进一步加强对水稻… 相似文献
9.
水稻对叶瘟和穗瘟部分抗性的遗传分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在一个水稻籼籼交重组自交系群体中,选用由感病株系构成的2个亚群体和2个不同的稻瘟病菌小种,进行了水稻对叶瘟部分抗性的QTL定位,还选用由感病而且抽穗期相近的株系构成的亚群体和另一个病菌小种,进行了水稻对穗瘟部分抗性的QTL定位,将病叶面积百分比(DLA)、病斑大小(LS)和病斑数(LN)作为对叶瘟部分抗性的性状,将病斑长度(LL)和孢子量(CA)作为对穗瘟部分抗性的性状。所构建的图谱包含168个标记。应用QTLMapper 1.01b,共检测到11个表现主效应的QTL和28对双因子互作,有3个表现主效应的QTL参与对同一性状的互作。QTL的主效应对单一性状的贡献率为4.7%~38.8%,而上位性效应对单一性状的贡献率为16.0%~51.7%,QTL的主效应对大多数性状的贡献率小于互作效应,表明互作效应对于部分抗性的重要作用。对穗瘟部分抗性的两个性状LL和CA,所检测到QTL总效应的贡献率分别达到70.6%和82.6%,表明由排除了主效抗病基因的感病株系组成的亚群体适合于进行部分抗性QTL定位。 相似文献
10.
水稻幼苗中胚轴长度QTL及与Fe2+浓度的互作效应的遗传分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用珍汕97B/密阳46的RIL群体及其构建的分子连锁图谱,在4个浓度的FeSO4处理下发芽,测定中胚轴长度。采用QTLMapper基因定位软件检测控制中胚轴长度的加性效应QTLs和加性×加性上位性QTLs,分别在1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11、12等染色体上定位了27个控制中胚轴长度的QTLs,其中在第1、5、9等3条染色体上定位了6个具有加性效应的QTLs。在CK和FeSO41.79mmol/L浓度下,在第5染色体长臂相邻区间检测到1个加性效应QTL,其增效等位基因来自于父本密阳46,它能使中胚轴伸长0.042cm(CK)、0.172cm(1.79mmol/L),贡献率分别为4.3%和11.4%;在高浓度FeSO4(7.16mmol/L和14.32mmol/L)下分别在1、5、9染色体上检测到的4个加性效应QTL,贡献率为3.5%~10.4%,3个QTL中来自于母本珍汕97B的等位基因使中胚轴伸长0.024~0.046cm,1个QTL来自父本的增效等位基因使中胚轴伸长0.033cm。同时在第5染色体长臂上检测到具有显著的加性效应与Fe2 互作效应的QTL1个。 相似文献
11.
To understand the genetic background of root growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under different water supply conditions, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic effect on seminal root length, maximum adventitious root length, adventitious root number, total root dry weight and ratio of root to shoot were detected using molecular map including 103 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and 104 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers mapped on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with 150 lines derived from a cross between an lowland rice IR1552 and an upland rice Azucena in both solution culture (lowland condition) and paper culture (upland condition). Six QTLs and twenty-two pairs of epistatic loci for the four parameters were detected. Three QTLs detected for maximum adventitious root length in solution culture (MARLS), total root dry weight in both solution culture and paper culture (TRDWS and TRDWP) accounted for about 20%, 23% and 13% of the total variations, respectively. Only epistatic loci were found for maximum adventitious root length and adventitious root number in paper culture (MARLP and ARNP), and for ratio of root to shoot in both paper and solution culture (R/SP and R/SS), which accounted for about 12%-61% of the total variations in the parameters, respectively. No identical QTL or epistatic loci were found for the parameters in both solution and paper culture. The results indicate that there is a different genetic system responsible to root growth of rice seedlings under lowland and upland conditions and epistasis might be the major genetic basis for MARLP, ARNP, R/SP and R/SS. 相似文献
12.
Julian K Christians Kellie A Rance Sara A Knott Pat M Pignatelli Fiona Oliver Lutz Bünger 《遗传、选种与进化》2004,36(5):577-591
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a QTL in different genetic backgrounds. A QTL affecting body mass on chromosome 6 was identified in an F2 cross between two lines of mice that have been divergently selected for this trait. The effect of the QTL on mass increased between 6 and 10 weeks of age and was not sex-specific. Body composition analysis showed effects on fat-free dry body mass and fat mass. To examine the effect of this QTL in different genetic backgrounds, the high body mass sixth chromosome was introgressed into the low body mass genetic background and vice versa by repeated marker-assisted backcrossing. After three generations of backcrossing, new F2 populations were established within each of the introgression lines by crossing individuals that were heterozygous across the sixth chromosome. The estimated additive effect of the QTL on 10-week body mass was similar in both genetic backgrounds and in the original F2 population (i.e., ~0.4 phenotypic standard deviations); no evidence of epistatic interaction with the genetic background was found. The 95% confidence interval for the location of the QTL was refined to a region of approximately 7 cM between D6Mit268 and D6Mit123. 相似文献
13.
基于单片段代换系的水稻穗长QTL加性及其上位性效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
穗长是影响水稻(Oryza sativa)产量的重要因子之一, 研究水稻穗长QTL间的上位性效应对于发掘水稻产量潜力具有重要意义。该研究以16个单片段代换系(single segment substitution lines, SSSLs)和15个双片段聚合系(double segmentpyramiding lines, DSPLs)为材料研究了水稻穗长QTL的加性及上位性效应。以P<0.01为阈值, 共检测到6个穗长QTL和9对基因互作座位。其中2个(Pl-2和Pl-10)是尚未报道的穗长QTL。穗长QTL互作后, 一些互作对的上位性效应与单个QTL的作用方式及效应大小各不相同, 预示着基因聚合后会产生不同的互作效应。该研究结果对于通过分子聚合育种手段改良穗长具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
水稻种子活力QTL定位及上位性分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用1个粳/籼交来源(Lemont/Teqing)、包含264个重组自交系的作图群体,采用纸卷法在18℃培养箱中进行2次重复的发芽实验,考察了种子发芽7d、9d和1ld的发芽率,种子发芽15d后的芽长及干重等种子活力的相关性状。结合一张含有198个DNA标记的连锁图谱,用作图软件QTLMapper1.0定位与种子活力相关的QTL。共检测到13个主效应QTL,这些QTL对性状的贡献率为2.9%~12.7%,平均贡献率为6.2%。同时检测到18对贡献率≥5%的互作位点,其贡献率为5.1%~11.8%,平均贡献率为6.9%,比检测到的主效应QTL的平均贡献率稍大。种子活力相关性状的大多数主效应和互作QTL成串分布于少数几个染色体区段(Chromosome Regions,CRs),并且成串分布在同一染色体区段的QTL效应的方向总是一致,该结果与这些性状在表型上的正相关相一致。若将成串分布有3个及3个以上种子活力相关性状QTL的CRs视为与种子活力高度相关的CRs,则共检测到7个上述与种子活力高度相关的CRs,分别分布在水稻12条染色体中的7条染色体上。根据所含QTL的种类(主效应QTL或/和上位性QTL)可将这些CRs分成以下3种:1)M-CRs:只含有主效应QTL,如CR^sv-7;2)E-CRs:所含位点没有主效应,但与其他位点发生互作,如CR^sv-1、CR^sv-6和CR^sv-12;3)ME-CRs:既含有主效应QTL、也含有与其他位点产生互作的互作位点,如CR^sv-2、CR^sv-5和CR^sv-8。另外还发现,有的CR上的位点同时与多个不同CR上的位点互作,影响种子活力的相关性状。与前入的研究结果相比较,发现有些与种子活力高度相关的CR可在不同研究者所用的不同定位群体中被检测到,而有的CR只在特定的定位群体中被检测到。由此表明,水稻种子活力具有丰富的遗传多样性和复杂的遗传基础,其主效QTL和互作位点可能基于遗传背景的不同而相互转化。 相似文献
15.
穗长是影响水稻(Oryza sativa)产量的重要因子之一,研究水稻穗长QTL间的上位性效应对于发掘水稻产量潜力具有重要意义。该研究以16个单片段代换系(single segment substitution lines,SSSLs)和15个双片段聚合系(double segment pyramiding lines,DSPLs)为材料研究了水稻穗长QTL的加性及上位性效应。以P〈0.01为阈值,共检测到6个穗长QTL和9对基因互作座位。其中2个(Pl-2和Pl-10)是尚未报道的穗长QTL。穗长QTL互作后,一些互作对的上位性效应与单个QTL的作用方式及效应大小各不相同,预示着基因聚合后会产生不同的互作效应。该研究结果对于通过分子聚合育种手段改良穗长具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for egg production traits in an F2 intercross of Oh-Shamo and White Leghorn chickens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Goto T Ishikawa A Onitsuka S Goto N Fujikawa Y Umino T Nishibori M Tsudzuki M 《Animal genetics》2011,42(6):634-641
We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for egg production traits, including age at first egg (AFE) and egg production rates (EPR) measured every 4 weeks from 22 to 62 weeks of hen age, in a population of 421 F2 hens derived from an intercross between the Oh‐Shamo (Japanese Large Game) and White Leghorn breeds of chickens. Simple interval mapping revealed a main‐effect QTL for AFE on chromosome 1 and four main‐effect QTL for EPR on chromosomes 1 and 11 (three on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 11) at the genome‐wide 5% levels. Among the three EPR QTL on chromosome 1, two were identified at the early stage of egg laying (26–34 weeks of hen age) and the remaining one was discovered at the late stage (54–58 weeks). The alleles at the two EPR QTL derived from the Oh‐Shamo breed unexpectedly increased the trait values, irrespective of the Oh‐Shamo being inferior to the White Leghorn in the trait. This suggests that the Oh‐Shamo, one of the indigenous Japanese breeds, is an untapped resource that is important for further improvement of current elite commercial laying chickens. In addition, six epistatic QTL were identified on chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 8, 17 and 19, where none of the above main‐effect QTL were located. This is the first example of detection of epistatic QTL affecting egg production traits. The main and epistatic QTL identified accounted for 4–8% of the phenotypic variance. The total contribution of all QTL detected for each trait to the phenotypic and genetic variances ranged from 4.1% to 16.9% and from 11.5% to 58.5%, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Agricultural environments deteriorate due to excess nitrogen application.Breeding for low nitrogen responsive genotypes can reduce soil nitrogen input.Rice genotypes respond variably to soil available nitrogen.The present study attempted quantification of genotype x nitrogen level interaction and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and other associated agronomic traits.Twelve parameters were observed across a set of 82 double haploid (DH) lines derived from IR64/Azucena.Three nitrogen regimes namely,native (0 kg/ha; no nitrogen applied),optimum (100 kg/ha) and high (200 kg/ha) replicated thrice were the environments.The parents and DH lines were significantly varying for all traits under different nitrogen regimes.All traits except plant height recorded significant genotype x environment interaction.Individual plant yield was positively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake.Sixteen QTLs were detected by composite interval mapping.Eleven QTLs showed significant QTL x environment interactions.On chromosome 3,seven QTLs were detected associated with nitrogen use,plant yield and associated traits.A QTL region between markers RZ678,RZ574 and RZ284 was associated with nitrogen use and yield.This chromosomal region was enriched with expressed gene sequences of known key nitrogen assimilation genes. 相似文献
18.
Rodríguez C Tomás A Alves E Ramirez O Arqué M Muñoz G Barragán C Varona L Silió L Amills M Noguera JL 《Animal genetics》2005,36(6):490-496
The aim of this study was to investigate chromosomal regions affecting the number of teats in pigs and possible epistatic interactions between the identified quantitative trait loci (QTL). An experimental F2 cross between Iberian and Chinese Meishan lines was used for this purpose. A genomic scan was conducted with 117 markers covering the 18 porcine autosomes. Linkage analyses were performed by interval mapping using an animal model to estimate QTL and additive polygenic effects. Complementary analyses with models fitting two QTL were also carried out. The results showed three genomewide significant QTL mapping on chromosomes 5, 10 and 12, whose joint action control up to 30% of the phenotypic variance of the trait. Meishan alleles had a positive additive effect on teat number, and a positive-additive x additive-epistatic interaction was detected between QTL on chromosomes 10 and 12. 相似文献
19.
James M. Cheverud Eric J. Routman 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1996,50(3):1042-1051
The role of epistasis in evolution and speciation has remained controversial. We use a new parameterization of physiological epistasis to examine the effects of epistasis on levels of additive genetic variance during a population bottleneck. We found that all forms of epistasis increase average additive genetic variance in finite populations derived from initial populations with intermediate allele frequencies. Average additive variance continues to increase over many generations, especially at larger population sizes (N = 32 to 64). Additive-by-additive epistasis is the most potent source of additive genetic variance in this situation, whereas dominance-by-dominance epistasis contributes smaller amounts of additive genetic variance. With additive-by-dominance epistasis, additive genetic variance decreases at a relatively high rate immediately after a population bottleneck, rebounding to higher levels after several generations. Empirical examples of epistasis for murine adult body weight based on measured genotypes are provided illustrating the varying effects of epistasis on additive genetic variance during population bottlenecks. 相似文献