Taxonomic notes on the genus Syndiamesa Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Japan, with description of a new species

The Japanese species of the genus Syndiamesa are revised. A new species, Syndiamesa longipilosa sp. nov., from Honshu, Japan is described from male and female material. The male of Syndiamesa mira (Makarchenko) from Japan is redescribed and figured. Syndiamesa chuzemagna Sasa is synonymized with Syndiamesa yosiii Tokunaga. Syndiamesa bicolor Tokunaga is transferred to the genus Sympotthastia. A key to males of Japanese Syndiamesa is provided.     

Discovery of the termitophilous subfamily Termitoxeniinae (Diptera: Phoridae) in Japan,with description of a new genus and species

The subfamily Termitoxeniinae is discovered in Nansei‐shotô, Japan and the following species are recorded, described and keyed: Clitelloxenia formosana Shiraki 1925 , Horologiphora sinensis Disney 1997 , Pseudotermitoxenia nitobei Shiraki 1925 , and Selenophora shimadai Maruyama et Disney, gen. et sp. nov. Brevrostrophora Disney 1997 and B. fuscoterga Disney 1997 are synonymized with Pseudotermitoxenia Shiraki 1925 and P. nitobei, respectively. These species were collected from the fungus garden of the fungus growing termite Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki on the islands of Ishigaki‐jima and Iriomote‐jima of Nansei‐shotô, Japan.     

A review of the genus Strophidon (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae), with description of a new species

Strophidon McClelland is a muraenid genus with characteristic appearance of a very elongated body, a large mouth cleft and anteriorly placed eyes. The nomenclature and taxonomic history of species within Strophidon are contentious and its members are easily misidentified. In the present study, species of the genus Strophidon are revised based on morphological and molecular data, and five species are considered valid, including S. dawydoffi Prokofiev, S. dorsalis (Seale), S. sathete (Hamilton), S. ui Tanaka and a new species, S. tetraporus. Strophidon tetraporus sp. nov. is described based on 15 specimens from Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam with the unique characteristic of the constant presence of the fourth infraorbital pore among species of Strophidon. The intraspecific variation of vertebral formula within S. dorsalis is discussed based on molecular data. Muraena macrurus Bleeker and Thyrsoidea longissima Kaup are synonyms of S. sathete that can be distinguished from the most similar congener S. ui by a longer tail, smaller eyes and more inner maxillary and inner dentary teeth. A key to identify species of Strophidon is provided. The distribution and maximum size of each species are also re-evaluated.     

Taxonomic and faunistic studies of the Sepsidae (Diptera) from Vietnam,with descriptions of six new species

A total of 52 species belonging to nine genera of the Sepsidae are reported from Vietnam. Of these, six species (Dicranosepsis splendifica sp. nov., D. trochanteris sp. nov., Mucha rectotibialis sp. nov., Perochaeta exilis sp. nov., Sepsis nigriminima sp. nov. and S. silvicola sp. nov.) are described as new to science. Eighteen species are newly recorded from Vietnam. Toxopoda pseudoviduata Ozerov, 2010 is synonymized with T. cavata Iwasa, 2008. The faunal composition of Vietnamese Sepsidae is divided into six groups based on distributional data and discussed. A key to the species of Vietnamese Sepsidae is also provided.     

First record of the genus Buchananiella Reuter (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Japan, with description of a new species

Two species of the anthocorid genus Buchananiella Reuter are recorded from Japan for the first time. Buchananiella leptocephala sp. nov. is described here based on specimens from Honshu and the Ryukyus. Buchananiella crassicornis Carayon, hitherto known from the Ivory Coast and India, was found in the Ryukyus.     

Six new and two newly recorded species of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) in Korea

Adult chironomids were collected by light trap operations, sweeping grasses with insect nets, and aspiration of light‐attracted adults at various localities. All collected specimens were slide‐mounted and identified. Six species new to science were found and named: Rheotanytarsus pseudopentapoda n. sp., Cricotopus byeonsanensis n. sp., Cricotopus parajogantertius n. sp., Limnophyes bukhandecimus n. sp., Limnophyes simensis n. sp. and Orthocladius jeongnungensis. Two species, Ainuyusuroka tuberculatum (Tokunaga) and Pseudosmittia nishiharaensis Sasa and Hasegawa, are found for the first time in Korea. All species are fully described with illustrations. This is the first report of the genus Ainugusurika in Korea.     

The Females and immatures of Paracricotopus Thienemann and Harnisch, 1932, with the description of a new species (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Revised and emended generic diagnoses for all stages and both sexes of Paracricotopus Thienemann and Harnisch are given. The genus appears most closely related to Rheocricotopus Thienemann and Harnisch with some similarities of larvae and females to Nanocladius Kieff. and Mesocricotopus Brund. All stages and both sexes are described or redescribed of the Palaearctic Paracricotopus niger (Kieffer) and of Paracricotopus glaber n. sp. from South Carolina.     

中国似动蜉属及一新种记述 （蜉蝣目：扁蜉科）

似动蜉属Cinygmina是我国常见扁蜉科类群,分布广泛。本文对该属我国已知4种（湖南似动蜉C. hunanensis,斜纹似动蜉C. obliquistrita,红斑似动蜉C. rubromaculata,宜兴似动蜉C. yixingensis)和一新种（叉似动蜉Cinygmina furcata sp. Nov.）的鉴别特征作了对比和图示,并确认海南似动蜉C. hainanensis是红斑似动蜉C. rubromaculata的同物异名(新异名)。     

Mitogenomes provide new insights of evolutionary history of Boreheptagyiini and Diamesini (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae)

Mitogenomes have been widely used for phylogenetic reconstruction of various Dipteran groups, but specifically for chironomid, they have not been carried out to resolve the relationships. Diamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are important bioindicators for freshwater ecosystem monitoring, but its evolutionary history remains uncertain for lack of information. Here, coupled with one previously published and 30 new mitogenomes of Diamesinae, we carried out comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Mitogenomes of Diamesinae were conserved in structure, and all genes arranged in the same order as the ancestral insect mitogenome. All protein‐coding genes in Diamesinae were under stronger purifying selection than those of other nonbiting midge species, which may exhibit signs of adaptation to life at cold living conditions. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Diamesinae, with Boreheptagyiini deeply nested within Diamesini. In addition, phylogenetic relationship of selected six genera was resolved, except Sympotthastia remained unstable. Our study revealed that the mitogenomes of Diamesinae are highly conserved, and they are practically useful for phylogenetic inference.     

Trichopsomyia ochrozona (Stackelberg, 1952) (Diptera: Syrphidae) recorded from Iran for the first time with a key to the West Palaearctic Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 species

The hoverfly Trichopsomyia ochrozona (Stackelberg, 1952) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is recorded for the first time from Iran. An illustrated key to the West Palaearctic species of Trichopsomyia is presented. Illustrations of the puparium of Trichopsomyia joratensis Goeldin, 1997 and the larva and puparium of T. ochrozona are given and their larval and adult habitats are described. A short discussion is given on the known larval habitat of other West Palaearctic Trichopsomyia species. Some of the synonyms have been evaluated and Pipiza melancholica Meigen, 1822 is withdrawn from synonymy of Trichopsomyia flavitarsis (Meigen, 1822) and is considered as a junior synonym of Musca viduata Linnaeus, 1758 syn. nov.     

浙江古田山倒毛摇蚊属一新种记述（双翅目：摇蚊科）

记述采自中国浙江古田山倒毛摇蚊属1新种:短小倒毛摇蚊Microtendipes brevissimus sp.nov.。对其特征作了描述,绘制了雄成虫的特征图。新种的主要鉴别特征为:肛尖短小,无中附器,生殖节的第9背板中部无刚毛。     

A review of Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) chalybeatus species group from China,with the description of three new species (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) chalybeatus species group from China is reviewed. Three new species, R. (P.) brochus sp. n., R. (P.) rotundus sp. n. and R. (P.) serratus sp. n. are described as adult males. R. (P.) imperfectus Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2005, R. (P.) robacki (Beck & Beck, 1964) and R. (P.) valgus Chaudhuri & Sinharay, 1983 are recorded from China for the first time and annotated. The diagnosis for the species group is emended and a key to adult males of the species group in China is presented.     

New Podonominae from Japan,Boreochlus longicoxalsetosus sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) with a Key to Species of the Genus

During the survey of chiromonid midges from Kyushu, the authors found a new species of Podonominae (Chironomidae), Boreochlus longicoxalsetosus. The male imago of this new species is described and illustrated. This constitutes the third record of the subfamily Podonominae, and the second species of the genus from Japan. The new species has very long notable setae lying on the dorsomedial surface distal to the volsella, which are never seen in the other Boreochlus species. A key to species of the genus in the world is given.     

中国拟毛突摇蚊属一新种（双翅目：摇蚊科）

记述了采自中国西藏自治区的拟毛突摇蚊属1新种:三叉拟毛突摇蚊Paratrichocladius tridens sp.nov..该种与本属已知种的主要区别为:下附器发达并向外延伸,顶端圆形;阳茎内突色深部分明显骨化,呈三叉状,抱器端节细长,顶端有一小突状的业端背脊.     

Keys to the blow flies of Taiwan,with a checklist of recorded species and the description of a new species of Paradichosia Senior-White (Diptera,Calliphoridae)

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) show a great diversity in behavior and ecology, play important roles in ecosystems, and have medical and forensic importance to humans. Despite this, the taxonomy and classification of Taiwan''s Calliphoridae have rarely been studied. In this study, specimens of Taiwanese calliphorids were collected and carefully studied, and all 76 species recorded in Taiwan are listed following the identification keys. Dichotomous keys to all subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species of blow flies recorded in Taiwan are provided, including 16 species that are newly recorded from Taiwan. In addition, one new species of the genus Paradichosia Senior-White is described and illustrated. We also discuss the morphological differences between the specimens of Silbomyia hoeneana Enderlein collected from China and Taiwan, a species that has only been found previously in Southern China.     

A new species of Dicrotendipes (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica

The adult male of Dicrotendipes baru is described from the Dominical area of southwestern Costa Rica. The species is characterized by its elongate club-like superior volsella. This species represents the third member of the genus known from Costa Rica.