丽纹攀蜥粗线期染色体核型及微小染色体的分析

本文以精巢、四肢骨和脊椎骨为材料,利用直接制片法制备了丽纹攀蜥（Japalura splendida）染色体标本,首次对其精巢减数分裂粗线期染色体,特别是微小染色体的长度进行了测量,描述了染色体特征,并进行了核型分析.同时与二倍体细胞染色体的核型进行了比较,发现11对微小染色体类型中包括8对中着丝粒染色体、2对端着丝粒染色体和1对点状染色体.     

丽纹攀蜥头体大小的两性异形和繁殖期的生长

测定了丽纹攀蜥的体长、头长、头宽、头高、尾长和体重等形态指标,以及通过44天的生长后体长、头长、头宽和头高的增长。表明成年两性个体体长无显著的两性异形,局部形态特征皆与体长呈正相关。协方差分析表明,雄性的头长、头宽、头高和尾长显著大于雌性个体,繁殖期雌性个体的体重显著大于雄性个体。丽纹攀蜥繁殖期雄性体长的增长显著大于雌性体长的增长,雌雄两性头长、头宽和头高的增长无显著的差异。     

人工饲养条件下丽纹攀蜥捕食及繁殖行为观察

丽纹攀蜥是中国已知的17种攀蜥中分布范围最广的一种。本文就丽纹攀蜥人工饲养条件下的捕食与繁殖行为的特征做一描述。通过观察发现,丽纹攀蜥主要以小型节肢动物为食;在其求偶过程中,雄性个体间存在性内竞争;所产卵在孵化过程中体积有明显增大等现象。     

四川几种攀蜥的行为和繁殖观察

198 7～ 2 0 0 3年通过野外采集或室内饲养 ,对四川西部的几种攀蜥的栖息环境、活动规律、变色现象、摄食和繁殖等进行了观察。发现汶川攀蜥卵在孵化过程中有逐渐长大、增重的现象。     

简易制备牛蛙精巢染色体——观察动物细胞减数分裂

简化常规染色体滴片的操作程序,对牛蛙精巢进行染色体制片,基本观察到精巢组织中细胞行减数分裂各阶段的染色体行为。实验结果表明．用牛蛙精巢制备染色体能相对简捷稳定的获得有效的实验结果．是一种观察动物细胞减数分裂行为的好方法。     

四川攀蜥属一新种——汶川攀蜥

作者于2001年8月在四川省汶川县采到攀蜥属（Japalura)动物,经鉴定为攀蜥属一新种,订名为汶川攀蜥Japalura zhaoermii sp.nov.,对鉴别特征和形态进行了描述,标本保存于中国科学院成都生物研究所。     

红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥视网膜的组织学观察

为了进一步探讨动物视网膜结构与机能的关系,利用光镜和扫描电镜比较观察了红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、丽纹龙蜥(Jspalura splendida)视网膜的结构。结果表明,红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥的视网膜均由四层细胞构成,在光镜下均可分为十层结构。红腹锦鸡视网膜平均厚225·2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比约为2:1;丽纹龙蜥视网膜平均厚156.2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比为1:1。红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥视网膜视细胞的平均密度分别为(124828±24404)个/mm2和(33165±7034)个/mm2。显示了红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥均具有昼行性动物视网膜的结构特征。     

巴塘攀蜥冬眠的初步研究

2007年10月～2008年4月对巴塘攀蜥Japalura batangensis冬眠进行初步研究. 发现在模拟自然环境的圈养条件下,巴塘攀蜥主要选择在石缝、枯枝落叶等场所越冬.冬眠时间为当年11月中旬至翌年3月初,冬眠时全身伏贴树枝或洞壁.当室温下降至16℃左右时,巴塘攀蜥开始进入冬眠,当室温降至14℃左右时,巴塘攀蜥完全进入冬眠.翌年2～3月当室温回升至14℃左右时,巴塘攀蜥开始出眠,出眠初期活动量较小;当气温升至17℃时,巴塘攀蜥完全苏醒,活动恢复正常.     

四川几种攀蜥的行为和繁殖观察(图版Ⅸ,下)

1987～2003年通过野外采集或室内饲养，对四川西部的几种攀蜥的栖息环境、活动规律、变色现象、摄食和繁殖等进行了观察。发现汶川攀蜥卵在孵化过程中有逐渐长大、增重的现象。     

甜瓜花粉母细胞减数分裂及雄配子体的细胞学研究

以薄皮和厚皮类型甜瓜为试材,采用改良的染色体制片方法,系统观察了甜瓜花粉母细胞的减数分裂及雄配子体发育的过程,结果表明:(1)甜瓜细胞核减数分裂的同步性较高,细胞质是同时型分裂,在细胞核分裂的过程中,核仁在前期Ⅰ到中期Ⅰ逐渐消失,在前期Ⅱ再次出现,随后消失,染色体在前期Ⅰ到中期Ⅰ逐渐收缩,变得清晰,至末期Ⅰ变得模糊,在前期Ⅱ再次清晰;(2)2种类型甜瓜终变期的染色体构型都以环状二价体为主;(3)在后期Ⅱ,观察到染色体的垂直和平行2种分离方式;(4)在前期Ⅰ和前期Ⅱ,伽师瓜"形成了多个较小的核仁,呈现一定的特殊性;(5)雄配子体发育经历了单核期和双核期,最后形成了成熟的花粉粒.研究表明,薄皮和厚皮类型甜瓜减数分裂的染色体行为基本一致,没有明显差异;伽师瓜"的核仁数量表现特殊可能与其长期的生态适应性有关.     

土红粉盖鹅膏菌减数分裂及核相变化的观察

用双苯并咪唑（Ｈｏｅｃｈｓｔ ３３２５８）染色法对不同大小的土红粉盖鹅膏菌子０实体切取菌褶进行观察。结果表明：土红盖鹅膏菌最初形成单倍性双核原担子,单倍性双核原担子发生核配,形成二倍性单核原担子,二倍性单核原担子细胞核发生染色体复制,经减数分裂过程形成４个染色体减半的单倍性子核,这４个子核分别进入形成的４个担孢子中,留下无核的空担子;在减数分裂过程中,出现明显的土星环式细胞;在担孢子中子核又发生有     

Meiosis and chromosome painting of sex chromosome systems in Ceboidea

The identity of the chromosomes involved in the multiple sex system of Alouatta caraya (Aca) and the possible distribution of this system among other Ceboidea were investigated by chromosome painting of mitotic cells from five species and by analysis of meiosis at pachytene in two species. The identity of the autosome #7 (X2) involved in the multiple system of Aca and its breakage points were demonstrated by both meiosis and chromosome painting. These features are identical to those described by Consigliere et al. [1996] in Alouatta seniculus sara (Assa) and Alouatta seniculus arctoidea (Asar). This multiple system was absent in the other four Ceboidea species studied here. However, data from the literature strongly suggest the presence of this multiple in other members of this genus. The presence of this multiple system among several species and subspecies that show high levels of chromosome rearrangements may suggest a special selective value of this multiple. The meiotic features of the sex systems of Aca and Cebus apella paraguayanus (Cap) are strikingly different at pachytene, as the latter system is similar to the sex pair of man and other primates. The relatively large genetic distances between species presently showing this multiple system suggest that its origin is not recent. Other members of the same genus should be investigated at meiosis and by chromosome painting in order to know the extent and distribution of this complex sex-chromosome system.     

光温敏核雄性不育小麦BS366花粉母细胞减数分裂的细胞学研究

要以小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366为材料,采用卡宝品红压片法研究花粉母细胞减数分裂的细胞学变化。结果表明:不育环境下的BS366花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体和细胞形态异常现象较多。染色体异常主要表现为:染色体落后,染色体桥、染色体散乱排列,微核、染色体分离不同步。细胞形态异常表现为:二分体时期细胞质不完全分裂,细胞板不平整;四分体时期子细胞大小不一。花粉母细胞减数分裂后,异常四分体的比例为62.88%;成熟花粉粒中败育率为89.5%。推测减数分裂期间异常的染色体行为以及细胞形态可能是影响花粉育性降低的重要原因。     

番木瓜核型和减数分裂研究

对番木瓜核型和花粉母细胞减数分裂行为的研究表明,番木瓜染色体数目为2n=18,由9对中部着丝粒染色体组成。核型公式为2n=2x=18m。花粉母细胞减数分裂正常,在终变期和中期Ⅰ观察到9个二价体,未观察到染色体结构变异和行为异常。     

Recombination-Independent Mechanisms and Pairing of Homologous Chromosomes during Meiosis in Plants

Meiosis is the specialized eukaryotic cell division that permits the halving of ploidy necessary for game- togenesis in sexually reproducing organisms, This involves a single round of DNA replication followed by two successive divisions. To ensure balanced segregation, homologous chromosome pairs must migrate to opposite poles at the first meiotic division and this means that they must recognize and pair with each other beforehand. Although understanding of the mechanisms by which meiotic chromosomes find and pair with their homologs has greatly advanced, it remains far from being fully understood. With some notable exceptions such as male Drosophila, the recognition and physical link- age of homologs at the first meiotic division involves homologous recombination. However, in addition to this, it is clear that many organisms, including plants, have also evolved a series of recombination-independent mechanisms to facili- tate homolog recognition and pairing. These implicate chromosome structure and dynamics, telomeres, centromeres, and, most recently, small RNAs. With a particular focus on plants, we present here an overview of understanding of these early, recombination-independent events that act in the pairing of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division,     

GC1代换系与小麦杂交减数分裂行为的研究

用来自拟斯卑尔脱山羊草（Ae.speltoides）的杀配子染色体2S(GC基因),诱导普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）“宁农”、普通小麦—黑麦（Secale cereale L.）二体代换系（5R/5A）的染色体断裂,观察杂种F₁的减数分裂行为,在减数分裂中期I和中期II均出现较高频率的单价体、多价体,后期I和后期II出现大量的落后染色体、染色体断片和桥等异常现象,在二分孢子和四分孢子中出现较多的微核。在本实验中,GC1代换系与5R/5A代换系杂交F₁代减数分裂行为比GC1代换系与普通小麦“宁农”杂交F₁代减数分裂行为复杂,经统计学分析,含杀配子染色体的代换系间杂交比单一的杀配子染色体作用对单价体、多价体、微核的产生具有显著差异。因此,利用带有杀配子染色体的代换系间杂交来诱导染色体易位是一条有效的途径。