人p53启动子萤光素酶报告基因的构建及其活性测定

目的：克隆p53基因的启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体,并检测启动子活性。方法：采用PCR技术从人肝癌细胞系HepG2基因组中扩增人p53启动子,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL4．0-empty,将重组质粒转染293T、ZR75-1、HepG2、A549细胞,测定p53启动子的转录活性。结果：构建了p53启动子的萤光素酶报告基因;通过测序及质粒酶切鉴定,所构建的p53启动子正确;活性实验表明,报告基因在多种细胞中显示构建的p53启动子活性,并呈现一定的剂量效应;转录因子USF能以剂量效应方式提高p53报告基因的转录活性。结论：克隆了人p53启动子,为进一步研究调控p53的转录因子奠定了基础。     

用于筛选shRNA的新型双萤光素酶报告基因载体的构建及应用

目的:构建一个新型双萤光素酶报告基因载体用于准确高效地筛选有效抑制靶基因表达的shRNA。方法:采用PCR、定向克隆、基因重组等分子生物学方法,将双萤光素酶报告基因系统中需要的报告基因载体、shRNA真核表达载体和内参载体三个功能,整合于一个新型的双萤光素酶报告基因载体pFLuc-C-TK-RLuc-shRNA之中。应用该载体对靶向人PD1基因以及Furin基因的shRNA进行干涉效果比较。结果:应用p FLuc-C-TK-RLuc-shRNA载体进行单质粒转染方法与传统的三质粒转染方法均提示shRNA#1对靶基因PD1的抑制效果最优;但是使用新型双萤光素酶报告基因载体检测结果的标准差数值显著低于传统方法。以pFLuc-C-TK-RLuc-shRNA单质粒转染方法得到的各组样品结果的均一性显著提高,能够准确地反映出shRNA#3较shRNA#2具有更强的Furin基因抑制作用;而传统方法未能有效判断二者的差异。结论:新型双萤光素酶报告基因载体简化了操作步骤,降低了传统三质粒共转染方法所引起的检测结果大幅波动,进一步增强了双萤光素酶报告基因系统的信噪比,提高了筛选抑制靶基因表达shRNA的准确性。     

血管内皮细胞生长因子启动子突变体萤光素酶报告基因载体的构建

目的：构建含有不同片段血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）基因的启动子的萤光素酶报告基因载体,并定位缺氧诱导因子1a（HIF-1d）结合VEGF启动子的区域。方法：以VEGF全长启动子为模板,PCR扩增VEGF启动子的不同片段,插入萤光素酶报告基因载体pGL4-basic,确定所扩增的DNA序列后,将其与HIF-1a表达载体共转染293T细胞,定位HIF-1a结合VEGF启动子的区域。结果：测序结果表明扩增的不同片段的VEGF启动子序列正确;萤光素酶活性实验表明,-1128～-728bp片段是HIF-1a与VEGF相互作用激活VEGF启动子转录活性的区域。结论：克隆了VEGF启动子5’端缺失突变体报告基因表达载体,为调控VEGF表达的转录因子的筛选及功能研究打下了良好基础。     

Gaussia分泌型萤光素酶的研究进展及其应用

Gaussia分泌型萤光素酶是近年发现的一种来源于海洋桡脚类动物Gaussia princeps的新型分泌型萤光素酶,是目前已知的可自然分泌的最小萤光素酶,因其分子小、灵敏度高、半衰期短和可高效分泌,而成为一种理想的报告基因,广泛应用于体内外研究。我们就Gaussia分泌型萤光素酶的发光原理、荧光特性及其应用等进行简要综述。     

含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体的制备与表达分析

目的:制备含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的慢病毒载体,为慢病毒载体的进一步广泛应用奠定基础。方法:克隆构建含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的转基因载体pCS-gluc-2A-eGFP,酶切与序列分析鉴定其正确后,与包装质粒pCMVHR’Δ8.2、包膜质粒pVSV-G共转染293FT细胞,获得含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体;重组慢病毒载体感染A549、Huh7细胞后,用荧光显微镜直接观察报告基因GFP的表达,或取细胞上清实时检测分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结果:制备了含双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体,感染细胞后可以活体观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,也可以快速灵敏地检测到分泌型萤光素酶的表达。结论:所获含分泌型萤光素酶和绿色荧光蛋白双报告基因的重组慢病毒载体感染效率高,表达易于活体实时检测,灵敏度高。本研究为慢病毒载体的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

用于鉴定microRNA靶基因的新型双萤光素酶报告基因系统的构建及应用

目的:构建用于鉴定microRNA靶基因的报告基因系统。方法:在pGL3-Basic载体的luc基因上游插入CMV启动子,下游插入用于克隆靶基因3’UTR的多克隆位点,构建报告基因载体pMIR-luciferase;将pMIR-lu-ciferase载体的luc基因替换成Rluc基因,构建内参载体pMIR-control;将补体因子H(CFH)的3’UTR插入pMIR-luciferase载体的多克隆位点处,构建含有CFH 3’UTR的报告基因载体;用pIRES2-EGFP载体构建microRNA146a真核表达载体;将含有CFH 3’UTR的报告基因载体、microRNA146a真核表达载体及内参载体共转染HepG2细胞,进行报告基因的活性检测。结果:构建了报告基因载体、内参载体和microRNA146a真核表达载体,经酶切和测序鉴定正确;microRNA146a真核表达载体转染细胞72 h后,经荧光显微镜观察确认载体转染及表达;用实时定量PCR检测,microRNA146a的表达水平显著上调(P<0.01);用构建的报告基因系统检测,结果表明microRNA146a显著地抑制了含CFH 3’UTR的报告基因的活性(P<0.05)。结论:构建了一种新型的报告基因载体系统,该系统可用于miRNA靶基因的鉴定。     

cAMP反应元件萤光素酶报告基因载体的构建简

目的：构建含有cAMP反应元件（CRE）的萤光素酶报告基因载体。方法：以含有ga14位点的萤光素酶报告基因质粒为模板,利用PCR方法,在去除ga14位点的同时,连入4个CRE元件得到pCRE-luc;将该载体与G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）共转染人胚肾细胞HEK293,测定萤光素酶活性;应用蛋白激酶A（PKA）抑制剂确认CRE的活性是否与Gs通路相关。结果：pCRE-luc的活性直接相关于GPCR的激活程度,并依赖Gs信号通路。结论：CRE萤光素酶报告基因载体构建成功,可用于检测Gs偶联GPCR的活性,为基于GPCR的高通量药物筛选奠定了基础。     

双萤光素酶共表达载体构建及特性研究

利用来源于TaV的自剪切多肽2A的编码序列构建一种分泌型萤光素酶Gluc和非分泌型萤光素酶Fluc共表达的载体,对其体内外表达及活体成像特点进行研究。采用重叠PCR技术获得Gluc-2A-Fluc片段,克隆入表达质粒pAAV2neoCAG中,获得重组质粒pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc。将重组质粒瞬时转染BHK-21细胞,24h后在细胞上清液和细胞裂解液中均能检测到Gluc和Fluc的表达,其中Gluc98%以上分布在上清液中,而Fluc98%以上存在于细胞中,随时间延长Gluc活性在上清液中逐步增加,而细胞内Fluc活性则保持相对平稳。用水动力法经小鼠尾静脉注射pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc质粒DNA,通过尾静脉微量采血(2.5μl/次)即可实时地监测体内Gluc的表达情况。活体成像结果显示,注射Gluc的底物腔肠素时小鼠明显表现为全身显像,显像在10min内迅速衰减;而注射Fluc的底物D-Luciferin时显像主要集中在肝脏,显像在30min内都比较稳定。本研究设计和构建的pAAV2neoCAG-Gluc-2A-Fluc质粒实现了分泌型和非分泌型萤光素酶的共表达,既可以在不裂解细胞或处死动物的情况下直接在细胞培养上清或血液中动态检测Gluc的活性,又可以利用活体成像技术准确定位Fluc表达部位,比单一的萤光素酶报告载体在细胞标记和体内示踪研究方面更具优越性。     

视黄酸刺激RARE调控荧光素酶报告基因表达系统的构建与应用

类维生素A,通过视黄酸(retinoic acid,RA)代谢旺盛组织的靶基因调控,与生物节律通路相互作用,在代谢性疾病发展过程中发挥着重要作用。在293T及小鼠肝原代细胞中,构建视黄酸反应元件(RARE)调控的荧光素酶报告基因表达系统,为研究类维生素A与节律和代谢研究中靶基因上游调控信号分子提供可能。用定点突变PCR方法在p GL3-Basic载体中插入RARE片段,检测报告基因表达及RARE对视黄酸响应的半数有效浓度(EC50),初步筛选可能调控RARE的靶基因,通过酶切连接将荧光素酶报告基因Luciferase和启动子RARE片段构入穿梭载体p Shuttle,转入感受态细胞BJ518获得重组腺病毒载体Ad-BasicRARE-Luc,转染MGH细胞并进行扩增,在小鼠肝原代细胞检测腺病毒活性。结果显示,构建的RARE调控的荧光素酶报告基因表达载体在293T细胞可被RA刺激,RARβ促进RA刺激RARE表达,而CRY1抑制RARE-Luc对RA的响应,并成功构建了在小鼠肝原代细胞响应RA刺激的Adeasy-Basic-RARE-Luc腺病毒载体。     

小鼠HMGB1启动子荧光素酶报告基因的构建及功能鉴定

利用PCR技术扩增小鼠高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)基因启动子序列,构建小鼠HMGB1启动子荧光素酶报告基因pGL3-basic-HMGB1.经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定后,用脂质体法将pGL3-basic-HMGB1转入巨噬细胞264.7中,并应用萤光素酶测定系统检测其活性.检测结果显示pGL3-basic-HMGB1具有启动子活性.小鼠HMGB1启动子荧光素酶报告基因pGL3-basic-HMGB1的成功构建,为进一步研究HMGB1提供基本材料.     

含G0S2基因启动子的荧光素酶报告基因载体的构建

目的:克隆人G0S2基因启动子并构建荧光素酶报告基因载体,为进一步研究G0S2基因转录调控提供质粒。方法:利用PCR技术从人胚肾293A细胞基因组DNA中克隆获得G0S2基因启动子的DNA片段,将其克隆至pGL3-basic表达载体中,并转化人大肠杆菌DH5α,经限制性内切酶酶切、PCR及测序鉴定得到确认;将重组载体质粒与半乳糖苷酶表达质粒psV-β-Galactosidase共转染至大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC),检测细胞中荧光素酶的活性。结果:pGL3-G0S2-Promoter重组质粒插入片段和相邻序列正确,克隆的G0S2基因片段有启动子活性(P0.05)。结论:成功构建了pGL3-G0S2-Promoter报告基因质粒,为进一步研究G0S2基因的表达奠定了基础。     

Engineering an Enhanced,Thermostable, Monomeric Bacterial Luciferase Gene As a Reporter in Plant Protoplasts

The application of the luxCDABE operon of the bioluminescent bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens as a reporter has been published for bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells. We report here the optimization of fused luxAB (the bacterial luciferase heterodimeric enzyme) expression, quantum yield and its application as a reporter gene in plant protoplasts. The fused luxAB gene was mutated by error prone PCR or chemical mutagenesis and screened for enhanced luciferase activity utilizing decanal as substrate. Positive luxAB mutants with superior quantum yield were subsequently shuffled by DNase I digestion and PCR assembly for generation of recombinants with additional increases in luciferase activity in bacteria. The coding sequence of the best recombinant, called eluxAB, was then optimized further to conform to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) codon usage. A plant expression vector of the final, optimized eluxAB gene (opt-eluxAB) was constructed and transformed into protoplasts of Arabidopsis and maize (Zea mays). Luciferase activity was dramatically increased for opt-eluxAB compared to the original luxAB in Arabidopsis and maize cells. The opt-eluxAB driven by two copies of the 35S promoter expresses significantly higher than that driven by a single copy. These results indicate that the eluxAB gene can be used as a reporter in plant protoplasts. To our knowledge, this is the first report to engineer the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens luciferase luxAB as a reporter by directed evolution which paved the way for further improving the luxAB reporter in the future.     

荧光蛋白报告基因在植物寄生真菌研究中的应用

综述菌根真菌、植物内生菌和植物病原真菌等植物寄生真菌转荧光蛋白基因研究现状.介绍转化载体的构建、转化方法及特基因的检测方法,以及转荧光蛋白基因技术在植物寄生真菌侵染过程研究中的应用,指出真菌转荧光蛋白基因存在的问题和展望.     

Miniaturization of a Mammalian Cell-Based Assay: Luciferase Reporter Gene Readout in a 3 Microliter 1536-Well Plate

The combined efforts of the fields of combinatorial chemistry and genomics have significantly increased the number of compounds and therapeutic targets available for screening. The number of compounds will reach into the million range in the near future and provide vast chemical diversity for drug discovery. However, this reservoir of chemical diversity creates downstream hurdles for any screening effort. Properly examining this number of compounds increases investments dramatically, both in the number of dollars spent and amount of limited reagents depleted. Traditional HTS techniques, such as the use of 96-well microtiter plates, have paved the way for faster processing speeds, but are being rapidly overwhelmed by screening demands. Miniaturization of such assays will allow for greater throughput, while concurrently reducing cost. To date, miniaturization efforts have been most successfully applied to bacterial and soluble protein based assays. Questions about the ability to deliver microquantities of mammalian cells without disruption of the cell membrane and/or activation of stress responses have been raised. An assay has been developed in which a human T-cell screen has been adapted to a 1536-well plate format. Through the use of a luciferase reporter gene system, it is shown that a mammalian cell-based assay may be successfully performed in 3 μl and potent inhibitors of the target of interest identified.     

Characterization of In Vivo Reporter Systems for Gene Expression and Biosensor Applications Based on luxAB Luciferase Genes

Advances in genetic engineering methods have allowed the development of an increasing number of practical and scientific applications for bioluminescence with lux genes cloned from a variety of organisms. Bioluminescence derived from the shortened lux operon (luxAB genes) is a complex process, and applications seem to be proliferating in advance of an understanding of the underlying biochemical processes. In this report, we describe a two-phase kinetic behavior of the light emission which must be properly taken into account in any quantitative measurements of the bioluminescence signal. By using strains of Escherichia coli and Caulobacter crescentus, this behavior was characterized and interpreted in terms of the biochemistry underlying the bacterial luciferase mechanism. We show that the intensity profile of each of the two phases of the luminescence signal is responsive (and exhibits different sensitivities) to the concentration of added decanal and other components of the assay mix, as well as to the order of mixing and incubation times. This study illustrates the importance of appropriate protocol design, and specific recommendations for using the luxAB system as a molecular reporter are presented, along with versatile assay protocols that yield meaningful and reproducible signals.     

报告基因及其应用研究进展

报告基因是现代分子生物学研究领域中用于分析结构基因旁侧区域潜在的顺式元件(如启动子、增强子和沉默子等)和反式作用因子相互作用关系的一种重要工具,在解析基因时空表达调控的内在规律中发挥着重要作用,它具有便捷、可靠、灵敏度高和适用于大规模检测等优点.对目前已发展的多种报告基因(氯霉素转乙酰酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、荧光素酶以及荧光蛋白等)在动物、植物、微生物以及医学等领域的应用情况进行综述,为该技术的进一步拓展应用提供新线索和新思路.