被孢霉MA—90发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的研究

本文研究了由被孢霉变株ＭＡ－９０生产了γ－亚麻酸的发酵条件,确定了最适碳源、氮源及Ｃ／Ｎ,初步建立了生产γ－亚麻酸的工艺条件．葡萄糖、蔗糖及天冬酰胺和尿素为最适碳、氮源。在Ｃ／Ｎ为２０／１,葡萄糖浓度为８０ｇ／Ｌ的条件下,油脂产量和油脂中γ－亚麻酸的含量分别为８．５ｇ／Ｌ和１４．１３％,γ－亚麻酸产量及生物量分别为１．．１５７ｇ／Ｌ和３１．２ｇ／Ｌ。后期适当降低培养温度和良好的通气条件均有利于γ－     

深黄被孢霉发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的研究

以深黄色被孢霉ＡＳ３．３４１０（ＭｏｒｔｉｅｒｅａｌｌａｉｓｄｂｅｌｌｉｎａＡｓ３．３４１０）的变异株Ｍ６为出发菌株,γ－亚麻酸含量２１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。经紫外线和微波处理得到变异株Ｍ６－２２,摇瓶发酵γ－亚麻酸含量１１８１ｍｇ／Ｌ,２００升发酵罐发酵γ－亚麻酸含量达到１３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,对２００升罐发酵的后提取工艺进行了研究,以乙醇和正己烷分步抽提效果最好,脲素包合法的实验结果表明,在７０～７５℃,３ｈ     

深黄被孢霉发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的研究

以深黄被孢霉AS 3.3410(Mortierella isabellina AS 3.3410)的变异株M_6为出发菌株,γ—亚麻酸含量210mg/L,经紫外线和微波处理得到变异株M_(6-22),摇瓶发酵γ-亚麻酸含量1181mg/L,200升发酵罐发酵γ-亚麻酸含量达到1350mg/L。对200升罐发酵的后提取工艺进行了研究,以乙醇和正己烷分步抽提效果最好。脲素包合法的实验结果表明,在70～75℃、3h的条件下可以使γ-亚麻酸由7.2％浓缩到72％。     

拉曼被孢霉F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的最适碳源、氮源、发酵时间及温度、无机盐离子添加、最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨.最适发酵培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖100,酵母浸出粉4,蛋白胨1,K2HPO4 1,CaCl2 1×10-2,MgSO45×10-2,FeSO4 1×10-2,ZnSO4 7.5×10-3,CuSO4 0.5 × 10-5,MnSO4 2×10-3,pH 6.0.培养温度为25℃,140r/min振荡培养10天,培养8天后(即收获前2天)补加5%葡萄糖.发酵结果为:DC24.59g/L,TL 10.84g/L,TL/DC44.09%,GLA/TL10.67%,GLA产量为1156.63 mg/L. GLA产量较初始结果提高156.15%.该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求.     

拉曼被孢霉F_5发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的最适碳源、氮源、发酵时间及温度、无机盐离子添加、最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨。最适发酵培养基组成为 (g/L) :葡萄糖 1 0 0 ,酵母浸出粉 4 ,蛋白胨 1 ,K2 HPO4 1 ,CaCl2 1× 1 0 - 2 ,MgSO4 5× 1 0 - 2 ,FeSO4 1× 1 0 - 2 ,ZnSO4 7.5× 1 0 - 3,CuSO4 0 .5× 1 0 - 3,MnSO4 2× 1 0 - 3,pH 6.0。培养温度为 2 5℃ ,1 4 0r/min振荡培养 1 0天 ,培养 8天后 (即收获前 2天 )补加 5 %葡萄糖。发酵结果为 :DC 2 4 .5 9g/L ,TL 1 0 .84g/L ,TL/DC 4 4.0 9% ,GLA/TL 1 0 .67% ,GLA产量为 1 1 5 6.63mg/L。GLA产量较初始结果提高 1 5 6.1 5 %。该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求     

拉曼被孢霉F5发酵生产γ—亚麻酸的实验研究

对拉曼被孢霉突变株F5发酵生产γ-亚麻酸的最适碳源,氮源,发酵时间及湿度,无机盐离子的添加,最适碳源浓度及补加碳源时间等发酵条件进行了研究探讨,最适发酵培养基组成为（g/L)：葡萄糖100,酵母浸出粉4,蛋白胨1,K2HPO41,CaCl2 1*10^-2,MgSO4 5*10^-2,FeSO4 1*10^-2,ZnSO4 7.5*10^-3,CuSO40.5*10^-3,MnSO4 2*10^-3,pH6.0,培养湿度为25度,140rpm 振荡培养10天,培养8天后（即收获前2天）补加5％葡萄糖,发酵结果为：DC24．59 g/L,TL10.84g/L,TL/DC 44.09%,GLA/TL10.67%,GLA产量为1156．63mg/L,GLA产量较初始结果提高156．15％,该菌株已达到工业化生产菌株要求。     

γ——亚麻酸生产菌深黄被孢霉原生质体的形成和再生

采用２％的溶壁酶加４％的蜗牛酶,从深黄被孢霉的菌丝中获得了大量的原生质体,同时对菌丝的培养时间,渗透压稳定性,酶解系统和酶解温度等因素了进行了系统的观察,从而获得了制备深黄被孢霉原生质体的最适条件,并对该原生质体在高渗培养基上进行了再生实验,其再生率为３２％。     

拉曼被孢霉产γ-亚麻酸的发酵条件优化

对影响发酵产γ-亚麻酸的因素（温度、N源、P源等）进行单因素考察。结果发现,各因素对拉曼被孢霉（Mortierella ramanniana NBRC 8187）产γ-亚麻酸均有不同程度的影响。通过正交试验设计对KH2PO4、NaNO3、酵母膏和温度进行了L9（34）试验设计,以γ-亚麻酸产量为优化目标,直观分析得出影响产量的因素大小顺序为酵母膏、温度、KH2PO4、NaNO3,最终确定最佳的培养条件：酵母膏5 g/L、25℃、KH2PO41 g/L、NaNO33 g/L。在此条件下,检测得出在第5天γ-亚麻酸产量达到0.968 g/L,相比优化前（0.583 g/L）提高了66%。     

影响被孢霉产生含γ-亚麻酸油脂的几种因素

对培养条件,如氮源种类、C／N比率、pH、种子种龄与接种量对被孢霉(Mortierellasp.)M14菌株的细胞生长和油脂形成的影响作了研究。结果表明,二级发酵优于一级发酵。M14菌株二级发酵时,种子种龄以49h为适,接种量宜大(30％)。无机氮源有利于不饱和脂肪酸的产生,有机氮源有利于细胞的增殖。低C／N比率有利于菌丝体产量的提高,提高C／N比率则能促进菌体细胞内的油脂合成。pH对菌体生长、油脂产生以及γ-亚麻酸含量都有显著的影响。     

甘草提取物对被孢霉生产γ—亚麻酸的影响

利用甘草滤液和甘草酸对被孢霉（ＭｏｒｔｉｅｒｅｌａＳＰ）原始菌株进行定量处理,结果大大提高了被孢霉对γ亚麻酸的产量,说明甘草酸对被孢霉生产γ亚麻酸有明显的促进作用。     

Production of γ-linolenic acid from the marine green alga Chlorella sp. NKG 042401

Abstract γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) production using a high GLA producing marine green alga, Chlorella sp. NKG 042401, was studied. GLA was presented in the galactolipid fraction (37.9%/total fatty acids). The effects of growth conditions on GLA production were studied. Optimum salinity for GLA production was 5 g 1⁻¹, at which salinity the highest cell concentration was achieved, resulting in a 1.6-fold increase in GLA productivity. Total fatty acid, however, was not drastically affected by change of salinity. Nitrogen starvation decreased the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids, and consequently GLA ratio in total fatty acid decreased. The urea adduct method was used to concentrate GLA from crude extract. As a result, after 5 sequential concentration procedures, GLA was concentrated 5-fold with a yield of 49%.     

Three New Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Derivatives and A New Alkaloid from Endophytic Fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. and Their Antibacterial Activity

Three new hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, stachylines E-G ( 1 – 3 ), and a new alkaloid, mortieridinone ( 4 ), along with six known compounds ( 5 – 10 ), were isolated from endophytic fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. Their structures were determined by their spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 7 and 10 showed selective antibacterial activity against tested multidrug-resistant bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 25 to 3.13 μg/mL.     

1株聚乳酸降解细菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶研究

从污泥中筛选出1株对聚乳酸（poly—L—lacticacid,PLA）具有降解活力的细菌DSL09,该菌株对PLA的乳化液、粉末及薄膜都具有降解作用。通过形态学、16SrDNA比对及生理生化特性的分析,鉴定该菌株属于芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus sp．）。为提高该菌株对PLA的降解活力,对其进行了紫外诱变,获得了稳定遗传的突变株DSL09-60b,该突变株的PLA降解活性提高至原始菌株的1．5倍。对该突变株产PLA降解酶的发酵条件进行了优化,经测定DSL09-60b在初始培养基pH为8．0、0．5％酪蛋白为诱导物、接种量6％（体积比）的条件下37℃培养54h时发酵液酶活性最高。     

芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶的发酵条件研究

本文研究了芽孢杆菌Ｌ２３产木聚糖酶的时间曲线,碳源种类和浓度,添加物,发酵起始ｐｈ以及接种量对产酶的影响。该菌经３７℃培养５０小时,酶活力为３０ＩＵ／ｍｌ,酶最适反应温度为５７℃,最适ｐＨ值为７．０。     

根霉菌利用木质纤维素发酵生产有机酸的研究进展*

木质纤维素是世界上储量最丰富、最廉价的可再生生物质资源,利用木质纤维素发酵生产有机酸具有重大的经济效益及社会效益。为发掘影响木质纤维素利用的关键因素,对根霉菌的木糖代谢途径以及利用木质纤维素发酵生产乳酸、富马酸等重要有机酸的生产方式、发酵策略等进行了阐述,指出针对木糖的转化率是制约木质纤维素高效利用的瓶颈。     

Plasmodium (Huffia) hermani sp. n. from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Florida*

SYNOPSIS. Plasmodium (Huffia) hermani sp. n. is described from wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus) in Florida. It produces rounded schizonts with 6–14 nuclei arranged peripherally as a rosette and elongate, slender gametocytes with irregular margins. Asexual stages parasitize all cells in the erythrocyte series and, in heavy infections, predominantly occur in erythroblasts and their precursors. Presence and degree of pigmentation vary with maturity of the host cell. Gametocytes occupy erythrocytes only, with pigment dispersed in black granules throughout the cytoplasm. Cells containing schizonts are often rounded and enlarged and those parasitized by gametocytes may be somewhat distorted in shape by lateral hypertrophy. Host cell nuclei may be displaced, but are not distorted, except slightly by pressure from the parasite. Plasmodium hermani differs from P. (Giovannolaia) durae by producing low level (> 6%), nonlethal parasitemias in turkey poults, an absence of phanerozoites in capillary endothelium of the brain and viscera, and inability to infect chicks. Plasmodium hermani is more like P. (Huffia) elongatum in gametocyte morphology, schizogony in all types of erythrocyte precursors, with gametocytes occurring in erythrocytes only, and concentration of schizonts in heavy infections in bone marrow and spleen. It differs from P. elongatum by its lack of infectivity to passeriform and anseriform hosts and by a strong immune response which develops in infected birds.     

诺卡氏菌对油酸的羟基化作用

诺卡氏菌(Nocardia sp．N13)休止细胞对油酸(顾-9-十八碳烯酸)进行羟基化作用。用休止细胞转化时最适温度为30℃,最适pH为6．5,当菌体(干菌)与底物的最适比例为20 ：1对,对油酸的转化率为83．4％,不同的表面活性剂影响转化的效果。N13休止细胞在磷酸缓冲液中重复转化3次仍可保持50％左右的转化率。红外光谱、质谱、棱磁共振鉴定产物为10－羟基硬脂酸。     

酿酒酵母by1.1b产D-(-)-扁桃酸脱氢酶的发酵条件优化

对一株产D-(-)-扁桃酸对映选择性脱氢酶的酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.strain by1.1b)发酵产酶条件进行了优化.研究各种碳源、氮源及无机盐对产酶的影响,应用正交试验优化发酵培养基组成,结果为:蛋白胨60 g/L,麦芽糖30 g/L,MgSO4 0.5 g/L,ZnSO4 0.01 g/L,KCl 1.0 g/L.优化后酶产量提高了7.9倍(由2.56 U/mL增至20.21 U/mL).摇瓶培养最佳条件为:装液量40%,发酵pH 6.5,接种量10%,发酵温度30℃.考察了细胞生长及产酶的时间进程,最佳培养时间为25 h.     

假丝酵母YQ5产S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的发酵培养基优化

利用单因子实验和正交实验对假丝酵母(Candida sp.)突变菌株YQ5摇瓶发酵产生S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的培养基成分进行了优化。单因子实验结果表明, 发酵最适pH值为6.0, 最佳碳源为 8%蔗糖, 最佳氮源为1.5%胰蛋白胨, 酵母粉最适浓度为2%, MgSO4·7H2O、CaCl2、FeSO4·7H2O、CoCl2、CuSO4·5H2O、H3BO3等作为无机离子对胞内S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的积累均有促进作用。利 用正交实验获得了最终的发酵培养基配方。在最适条件下发酵48 h, S-腺苷甲硫氨酸含量可达1740.0 mg/L。