Tylenchorhynchus microconus n.sp., T. crassicaudatus leviterminalis n.subsp. and T. coffeae Siddiqi & Basir, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

Summary Tylenchorhynchus microconus n.sp. from around roots of Australian acacia in West Bengal, India has females 0.46–0.65 mm long with coarse body annules, 15–18 m long spear with conus less than half its total length and a short conoid tail (c >1.7–2.8) with 10–15 annules and smooth terminus. T. crassicaudatus leviterminalis n.subsp. differs from T. c. crassicaudatus Williams, 1960 in having a small smooth lip region lacking annules. T. coffeae Siddiqi & Basir, 1959 is fully described from type specimens. ac]19811221     

Description of Tylenchorhynchus thermophilus n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchina) from Saltgrass in Death Valley,California

A stunt nematode, Tylenchorhynchus thermophilus n. sp., is described and illustrated from soil collected around roots of saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) in Death Valley, California. It is distinguished from the similar species, T. ewingi, T. mexicanus, and T. mashoodi, in having a longer female body, longer tail with more annules, and larger phasmids. Physical and chemical analysis of soil from saltgrass roots showed it to consist of 71% sand and possess high salinity (salt content of 0.51%) and a pH of 9.3.     

Description of Pratylenchoides camachoi n. sp. (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) from Spain

Pratylenchoides camachoi n. sp. from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in Sierra De Cazorla in southeastern Spain is described and illustrated. Pratylenchoides camachoi n. sp. is a bisexual species characterized by a cylindroid, sometimes clavate-shaped, male tail with a uniquely shaped smooth, rounded terminus. Females are characterized by a short esophageal overlap and six lines in the lateral field, which reduce to four in the tail region; not areolated except outer bands in the esophageal and tail regions.     

Two New Species of Tylenchidae,Basiroides nortoni n. sp. and Tylenchus hageneri n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

Basiroides nortoni n. sp. and Tylenchus hageneri n. sp. from soil around roots of corn from Ollie, Iowa, are described and illustrated. B. nortoni n. sp. has a posterior vulva, a long posterior uterine branch and an arcuate tail with pointed terminus. T. hageneri n. sp. has four lines in the lateral field, coarse transverse cuticular striae along the whole body, and a filiform tail slightly shorter than vulva-anus distance.     

Description of Globodera ellingtonae n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Oregon

A new species of cyst nematode, Globodera ellingtonae, is described from soil collected from a field in Oregon. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of the species are characterized by body length of 365-515 μm, stylet length of 19-22.5 μm, basal knobs rounded posteriorly and pointed anteriorly, tail 39-55 μm, hyaline tail terminus 20-32.5 μm, and tail tapering uniformly but abruptly narrowing and constricted near the posterior third of the hyaline portion, ending with a peg-like, finely rounded to pointed terminus. Cysts are spherical to sub-spherical, dark to light brown and circumfenestrate and cyst wall pattern is ridge-like with heavy punctations. Males have a stylet length of 21-25 μm and spicule length of 30-37 μm with a pointed thorn-like tip. Females have a stylet length of 20-22.5 μm, one head annule and labial disc, heavy punctations on the cuticle, and short vulval slit 7.5-8 μm long. Morphologically this new, round-cyst species differs from the related species G. pallida, G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum complex and G. mexicana by its distinctive J2 tail, and by one or another of the following: shorter mean stylet length in J2, females and males; number of refractive bodies in the hyaline tail terminus of J2; cyst morphology including Granek’s ratio; number of cuticular ridges between the anus and vulva; and in the shape and length of spicules in males. Its relationship to these closely related species are discussed. Based upon analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, G. ellingtonae n. sp. is distinct from G. pallida, G. rostochiensis, G. tabacum and G. mexicana. Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analysis of cloned ITS rRNA gene sequences indicated three clades, with intraspecific variability as high as 2.8%. In silico analysis revealed ITS restriction fragment length polymorphisms for enzymes Bsh 1236I, Hinf I, and Rsa I that overlap patterns for other Globodera species.     

Description of Goffartia phalacra n. sp. (Diplogastridae: Nematoda) from India

A new species, Goffartia phalacra n. sp. is described and illustrated. The body is thin and slender with L = 511 to 646 μm; a = 37.1 to 47.4; b = 4.8 to 6; c = 2.6 to 4.8; c′ = 13.6 to 32.8; V = 40% to 49% in females. Males are smaller but similar to females and the posterior region is strongly curved. The species is characterized by a tubular stoma, a smooth round lip region, anterior pharynx much smaller than posterior pharynx, two pairs of unicellular glands associated with the vagina, and males with a broad keel-shaped gubernaculum. G. phalacra n. sp. can be differentiated from all other species of the genus by its lip region and the structure of the gubernaculum. This is the first instance of a species of Goffartia occurring in a terrestrial habitat and the first report of a species from India.     

Description of Trilineellus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. (Tylenchorhynchinae: Tylenchida Thorne, 1949) with a Key to Species and Observations on Tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto

TrilineeIlus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. It was found as an associate of corn (Zea mays) in Stockton, Georgia, USA, and is related to a group of Tylenchorhynchus sensu lato species having three lines in nonareolated lateral fields. This new species is closely related to Tylenehorhynehus divittatus Siddiqi 1961, T. sculptus Seinhorst 1963, and T. triglyphus Seinhorst 1963 (syn. T. chonai Sethi & Swarup 1968) Tarjan 1973. It differs from these species primarily by having longitudinal striae on the body. These four species are differentiated from Tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto by having three lateral lines instead of four. They differ from Uliginotylenchus Siddiqi 1971 by having nonareolated lateral fields, fewer than 25 annules on conoid rounded tails, differently shaped gubernacula, nonattenuated stylets, and other distinctive characters. They differ from Triversus Sher 1973 by having the male tail enclosed by the bursa and by having rounded female tails. SEM observations of T. clathrocutis reveal a cuticle deeply cut by longitudinal and horizontal striae and bearing wide (> 2.0 μm) annules. Trilineellus is proposed to accommodate the new species and the three-incisured species still within Tylenchorhynchus. Tylenchorhynchus is thereby the repository for species within Tylenchorhynchinae having four lines in the lateral field, no conspicuous labial disc, and bursa enclosing the male tail.     

Description of Pararotylenchus belli n.sp. (Nematoda:Hoplolaimidae)

A new species of Pararotylenchus Baldwin &Bell, 1981 from the Pacific coastal area of California is described. Numerous females and juveniles were recovered, but no males were found. Pararotylenchus belli n.sp. is most similar to P. sphaerocephalus, but females of P. belli are shorter and have a shorter stylet and a hemispherical tail. Specimens from a cereal field in South Dakota were identified as P. colocaudatus.     

Description of Bakernema dauniense n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Italy

Bakernema dauniense n. sp., a bisexual species from the rhizosphere of Pinus halepensis Mill. in Italy, is described and illustrated. Primary differentiating characteristics of the female are body annules bearing short, membranous projections 1.4-2.2 μm long, an anterior vulval lip slightly overlapping the posterior, and a linearly arcuate vagina. The juvenile differs markedly from adults by having annules with a beaded margin, which lack membranous projections. Generic and specific relationships of B. dauniense n. sp. are discussed. This occurrence is the first for a species of Bakernema in Europe.     

Description of Pratylenchoides sheri n. sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)

Pratylenchoides sheri n. sp., a bisexual species from the Pacific coastal area of California, is described and illustrated. Its most distinctive characters are the esophageal glands slightly overlapping the intestine dorsally, the large ventrally slanting esophago-intestinal valve, the lack of labial sectors in the first lip annule, the presence of males, and apparently functional spermatheca. Pratylenchoides sheri is morphologically similar to P. magnicauda, but differs in length and labial conformation, its more anterior vulva, and the presence of males. Relationships of head and esophagus gland lobe characters of P. sheri are compared to other Pratylenchoides species.     

Description of Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae)

Dolichodorus grandaspicatus n. sp., collected from soil about roots of a red maple (Acer rubrum L.) in a creek bottom near Ludwig. Johnson County, Arkansas, is described. It differs from two closely related species, D. marylandicus and D. heterocephalus, by the longer spike on the female tail, the lenght of the female tail, and the shape of the extrudable portion of the gubernaculum of the males. It further differs from D. marylandicus by having heavily sclerotized accessory pieces of the vuvla and from D. heterocephalus by having a shorter stylet.     

Description of Tylenchorhynchus qasimii sp. n. with a New Report of T. kegasawai from Pakistan

A new stunt nematode, from soil around the roots of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Karachi, Pakistan, is described and illustrated as Tylenchorhynchus qasimii n. sp. This new species is characterized by having females with 3–4 head annules, anteriorly directed stylet knobs, absence of post anal extension, presence of rounded sperm filled spermatheca and conoid to bluntly rounded hemispherical tail terminus. Males are common. Also included is the record of T. kegasawai from around the roots of rice (O. sativa L.), a new report from Sindh, Pakistan.     

Helicotylenchus scoticus n.sp. and a conspectus of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Nematoda)

Summary Helicotylenchus scoticus n. sp. is described. It was found at an altitude of 660 m on the north-west slope of Sgurr Cos na Breachd-laoidh, Scotland, in a rough grassland consisting predominantly of tufted hair grass (Deschampsia caespitosa). This species is characterized by a relatively long spear and an oesophagus which superficially appears to abut on to the intestine with virtually no overlap. The number of nominal species in the genus Helicotylenchus has increased considerably over recent years and stands now at 154 species. The task of identifying species in this genus using dichotomous keys has become increasingly more difficult. As a practical alternative a compendium is given which uses nine of the most diagnostic characters.     

Description of Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) with Description of Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) with Morphometrics and Lectotype Designation of D. heterocephalus Cobb, 1914

Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. is described and illustrated from soil around roots of "woods" on the Stanley Farm, Scott County, Arkansas. This species is distinguishable from others of the genus by its short tail projection. It is most closely related to D. marylandicus but differs in having a short tail projection, longer stylet, greater body length, larger c value, and also in position of excretory pore. A limited number of Cobb''s original specimens and drawings of D. heterocephalus were examined. A lectotype and paralectotype were designated to establish the taxonomic base for the genus. Cobb''s original modified labeled drawing of D. heterocephalus is also included. Morphometric data on D. heterocephalus from the type locality and several other populations are given. Some variations in female tail shape, body length, and stylet length were noted.     

Description of Distorhabditis poonchiana n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) from Jammu and Kashmir,India

Distorhabditis poonchiana n. gen., n. sp. from humus in Jammu and Kashmir, India, is described and illustrated. The new genus is characterized by a small body; slightly setoff labial region; long tubular gymnostom; prominently cuticularized cheilostom; absence of glottoid apparatus; monoprodelphic reproductive system; vulva (V) = 81 to 84; spicules with trifurcated distal ends, simple gubernaculum, peloderan bursa with eight pairs of bursal papillae arranged in 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 arrangement.     

Some studies on Tylenchorhynchinae: proposal ofDivittus n.g. (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

Summary A new genusDivittus is proposed in the subfamily Tylenchorhynchinae Eliava, 1964 with only three incisures in the non-areolated lateral fields and the body cuticle without longitudinal ridges or lamellae. It is also proposed to restrictTrilineellus Lewis & Golden, 1981 to its type species only, i.e.,T. clathrocutis which has three incisures in the lateral fields and longitudinal ridges or lamellae on the body, andTylenchorhynchus to species which have four incisures in the lateral fields but no ridges or lammellae.T. divittatus Siddiqi, 1961,T. triglyphus Seinhorst, 1963 andT. sculptus Seinhorst, 1963 which were transferred toTrilineellus by Lewis & Golden (1981) are now included inDivittus with the following species ofTylenchorhynchus which have three incisures in the lateral fields:T. obscurisulcatus Andrássy, 1959,T. chonai Sethi & Swarup, 1968,T. madrasensis Gupta & Uma, 1981 andT. pruni Gupta & Uma, 1981. The synonymy ofT. chonai withT. triglyphus proposed by Tarjan (1973) is not accepted.Divittus labiatus n.sp. from soil around roots of sugarcane from north-eastern Nigeria is described. It is characterized by having the lip region continuous with the body, the spear 14–16 m long, the basal oesophageal bulb with a small overlap over the intestine and the tail with a large post-anal intestinal sac and 20 to 30 annules. A key to species ofDivittus is provided. ac]19830105     

Hemicycliphora ekrami n.sp. (Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980: Hemicycliophoroidea) from Punjab,India

Summary A new species of Hemicycliphora de Man, 1921 from around the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is described and illustrated from Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Hemicycliophora ekrami n.sp. is close to H. labiata Colbran, 1960, H. mangiferum Misra & Edward, 1971 and H. dhirendri Husain & Khan, 1967 from which it differs in having smooth body annules not interrupted by lateral fields.