多巴胺参与P物质对胃肌电活动和胃运动的毒蕈碱抑制效应

我们以前的工作表明尾核注射Ｐ物质能抑制胃肌电快波和胃运动,该效应是通过胆碱能Ｍ受体介导的。本文观察到Ｐ物质的抑胃效应可分别被尾核注射Ｐ物质抗血清、Ｐ物质受体拮抗剂［Ａｒｇ＾６,Ｄ－Ｔｒｉｐ＾７,ＭｅＰｈｅ＾８］－ＳＰ６－１１以及多巴胺Ｄ２受体了民剂氟哌啶醇所消除;尾核注射多巴胺对胃肌电快波和胃运动也有抑制作用,且能被尾核注射氟哌啶醇以及阿托品所阻断。据此,我们高想尾核Ｐ物质可能是通过多巴胺Ｄ２受体     

与咬肌运动神经元直接联系的运动前神经元在脑干的分布

目的为了定位向咬肌运动神经元投射的最后一级运动前神经元在脑干内的分布。方法注射麦芽凝集素结合的辣根过氧化物酶(WGA-HRP)至咬肌神经逆行跨突触追踪,然后通过免疫组织化学方法显示了该类神经元。结果这类神经元分布在双侧三叉上核(Vsup)、三叉神经感觉主核背侧部(Vpdm)、小细胞网状结构(PCR)和三叉神经脊束核吻侧亚核背侧部(Vodm),以及对侧三叉神经运动核(Vmo)。数量上,Vsup,特别是注射侧Vsup中,标记的神经元数量最多;其他核团内,双侧标记的神经元的数量无明显差别。结论一侧咬肌运动神经元直接接受脑干双侧多个区域调控。     

针刺及电磁波照射联合康复运动训练对膝骨关节炎康复效果及不良反应的影响

目的 探讨针刺及电磁波照射联合康复运动训练对膝骨关节炎康复效果及不良反应的影响。方法 选择我院骨科2020年3月～2021年3月收治的71例膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象,根据随机原则将患者分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=35)。两组患者均给予常规治疗,其中对照组采用常规康复运动训练,观察组在对照组基础上增加针刺及电磁波照射,比较两组治疗前后膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、IL-1β、iNOS及SOD水平以及lysholm膝关节康复量表评分、不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后,观察组的VAS评分、IL-1β、iNOS及SOD水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组的Lysholm评分比较,观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在常规康复训练的基础上加用针刺及电磁波照射能有效改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛情况,提高膝关节功能,且安全性高,值得临床应用。     

十二指肠内胆盐对胃肌电和运动的影响及其神经机制探讨

本文观察了牛磺胆酸钠(ST)灌入小鼠十二指肠后胃肌电快波、慢波和胃收缩波的变化,并对其神经机制作了探讨。用胃壁双电极和胃内水囊-压力换能器法将胃电和胃运动信号输至放大器,然后由记录仪及电子计算机对该信号进行记录、采集、贮存和处理。以5min为单位,计算出灌注 ST 前、后胃电快波、慢波和收缩波频率与总幅度变化的百分数。结果为:十二指肠灌注 ST(n=10)后,胃电快波频率、幅度和收缩波幅度明显抑制。腹腔神经丛麻醉,利血平化和碳酰胆碱可消除 ST 引起的抑制效应。酚妥拉明不能去除该抑制效应,心得安可部分消除 ST 的抑制效应。上述结果表明,十二指肠灌注 ST 对胃电快波和胃运动有抑制效应,并提示该抑制效应的神经传出途径可能为交感肾上腺素能纤维,由β受体介导。     

大鼠ARC-BMA nesfatin-1神经通路及对GD神经元放电活动和胃运动的影响

目的:探讨弓状核(ARC)-杏仁核(BMA)间nesfatin-1神经通路的构成及其对胃牵张敏感(GD)神经放电活动和胃运动的影响。方法:逆行追踪结合免疫组化观察ARC-BMA间nesfatin-1神经通路;细胞外放电记录,观察nesfatin-1对GD神经元放电活动的影响及电刺激ARC对BMA内GD神经元放电活动的影响;在体胃运动研究,观察nesfatin-1对胃运动及胃排空的影响及电刺激ARC对胃运动的影响。结果:大鼠ARC-BMA间存在nesfatin-1神经通路;BMA微量注射Nesfatin-1能够促进GD-E神经元放电(4.25±1.02 Hz vs.5.32±1.17 Hz,P0.01),抑制GD-I神经元放电(3.73±0.92 Hz vs.2.64±0.86 Hz,P0.01),并且胃收缩频率及幅度下降,nesfatin-1的这些效应可被SHU9119部分阻断;电刺激ARC后,BMA内nesfatin-1反应性GD神经元放电频率增加(GD-E:5.14±1.32 Hz vs.6.75±1.84 Hz,P0.05;GD-I:2.84±0.86 Hz vs.4.05±1.12 Hz,P0.05),并且胃收缩频率和幅度增强。结论:ARC-BMA间nesfafin-1通路可调控大鼠胃牵张敏感神经元放电活动和胃运动,该效应可能与黑色素信号通路有关。     

人类小腿肌肉对运动训练生理响应的电学特性研究

目的 运动训练已被证明能够改善许多慢性肌肉功能疾病,被用于治疗衰老型肌萎缩。本文采用电阻抗成像(electrical impedance tomography,EIT)研究人类小腿肌肉对运动训练生理响应的电学特性,旨在使用EIT方法可视化运动训练对人类小腿响应肌肉隔室内肌肉纤维体积增加的效果。方法 实验对象被要求在连续5个实验日进行左、右腿单侧提踵训练,应用EIT检测每日运动训练前和运动训练后小腿肌肉的电导率分布。为了定量分析运动训练对响应肌肉隔室的作用,使用配对样本t检验分析EIT重建图像的空间平均电导率<σ>。结果 运动训练后,由小腿腓肠肌组成的M₁肌肉隔室空间平均电导率<σ>_M1显著增加。此外,连续5个实验日的EIT测量结果显示,运动训练前的空间平均电导率<σ^pre>_M1呈上升趋势。所有实验对象在实验日1早晨进行实验前的腿部瘦体重与<σ>_M1呈线性关系,即<σ>_M1随腿部瘦体重增加而增加;运...     

替加色罗对内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电及运动的恢复

目的：探讨内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电活动和结肠运动的特点以及替加色罗治疗的疗效。方法：实验分对照组、模型组和替加色罗组,后两组腹腔注射鸡卵清蛋白使大鼠内脏致敏。记录结肠快波、慢波及收缩波,观察消化间期复合肌电及结肠收缩波数目、指数。结果：模型组消化间期复合肌电及结肠收缩波数目、指数均有明显变化。经替加色罗治疗后,各数据均有显著恢复。结论：内脏高敏感大鼠结肠电及运动有明显的异常,替加色罗治疗后能恢复被改变的电及运动。     

羰基化蛋白质组学研究规律运动调控大鼠脑纹状体细胞凋亡的作用与适应性机制

为研究探讨规律运动对老年大鼠纹状体蛋白质氧化应激与细胞凋亡的影响,通过差异羰基化蛋白质组学特征分析,筛选靶标蛋白质并阐明其作用机制.将24只健康雄性23月龄老年大鼠随机分为静息组(Con-SED)和规律运动组(Aero-EXE).采用运动强度相当于最大摄氧量(VO2max)60％～65％逐渐递增到70％ ～75％的10...     

A Simulation Study to Examine the Effect of Common Motoneuron Inputs on Correlated Patterns of Motor Unit Discharge

The influence of common oscillatory inputs to the motoneuron pool on correlated patterns of motor unit discharge was examined using model simulations. Motor unit synchronization, in-phase fluctuations in mean firing rates known as ‘common drive’, and the coefficient of variation of the muscle force were examined as the frequency and amplitude of common oscillatory inputs to the motoneuron pool were varied. The amount of synchronization, the peak correlation between mean firing rates and the coefficient of variation of the force varied with both the frequency and amplitude of the common input signal. Values for ‘common drive’ and the force coefficient of variation were highest for oscillatory inputs at frequencies less than 5 Hz, while synchronization reached a maximum when the frequency of the common input was close to the average motor unit firing rate. The frequency of the common input signal for which the highest levels of synchronization were observed increased as motoneuron firing rates increased in response to higher target force levels. The simulation results suggest that common low-frequency oscillations in motor unit firing rates and short-term synchronization result from oscillatory activity in different bands of the frequency spectrum of shared motoneuron inputs. The results also indicate that the amount of synchronization between motor unit discharges depends not only on the amplitude of the shared input signal, but also on its frequency in relation to the present firing rates of the individual motor units.     

连续性被动运动训练对老年全膝关节置换术后下肢运动功能及炎症因子水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨连续性被动运动训练（CPM）对老年全膝关节置换术（TKA）后下肢运动功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法：82例老年TKA患者随机分为对照组（41例）和观察组（41例）。对照组采用常规康复措施,观察组在对照组基础上采用CPM治疗。于训练前1d,训练后第1d、3d、7d及14d记录两组患者肿胀程度和膝关节功能（HSS）功能评分。采用应用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测患者训练前后血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。随访100d,记录两组患者不良反应发生情况,并采用Kaplan-Meier法评价患者首次独立活动情况。结果：训练后第3d,观察组患者肿胀程度明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,而两组HSS功能评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;训练后第7d及14 d,观察组患者肿胀程度明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,而HSS功能评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。训练后3d、7d及14d,观察组患者血清IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α表达水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier法分析发现观察组首次独立活动平均时间69d,短于对照组82.5d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：CPM对改善老年患者肿胀程度和膝关节功能有明显优势,并有助于减少并发症的发生,其机制可能与降低患者炎症反应有关。     

Consensus for experimental design in electromyography (CEDE) project: Single motor unit matrix

The analysis of single motor unit (SMU) activity provides the foundation from which information about the neural strategies underlying the control of muscle force can be identified, due to the one-to-one association between the action potentials generated by an alpha motor neuron and those received by the innervated muscle fibers. Such a powerful assessment has been conventionally performed with invasive electrodes (i.e., intramuscular electromyography (EMG)), however, recent advances in signal processing techniques have enabled the identification of single motor unit (SMU) activity in high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) recordings. This matrix, developed by the Consensus for Experimental Design in Electromyography (CEDE) project, provides recommendations for the recording and analysis of SMU activity with both invasive (needle and fine-wire EMG) and non-invasive (HDsEMG) SMU identification methods, summarizing their advantages and disadvantages when used during different testing conditions. Recommendations for the analysis and reporting of discharge rate and peripheral (i.e., muscle fiber conduction velocity) SMU properties are also provided. The results of the Delphi process to reach consensus are contained in an appendix. This matrix is intended to help researchers to collect, report, and interpret SMU data in the context of both research and clinical applications.     

Alteration of Enzymatic Activities Implicating Neuronal Degeneration in the Spinal Cord of the Motor Neuron Degeneration Mouse During Postnatal Development

Oxidative stress is suggested as a significant causative factor forpathogenesis of neuronal degeneration on spinal cord of human ALS. Wemeasured some enzymic activities implicating neuronal degenerationprocess, such as cytochrome c oxidase (CO), superoxidedismutase (SOD), and transglutaminase (TG) in spinalcord of an animal model of ALS, motor neuron degeneration(Mnd) mouse, a mutant that exhibits progressivedegeneration of lower spinal neurons during developmental growth, andcompared them with age-matched control C57BL/6 mice. CO activity inMnd spinal cord decreased during early postnatal period, whileSOD activity reduced in later stage. In Mnd tissue, TG activityin lumbar cord was increasing during early stage, but tended to declinein later period gradually. These biochemical alterations became evidentprior to the appearance of clinical motor dysfunction which wereobserved in later stages of development in Mnd spinal cord.     

Sex differences in the detection of motor unit action potentials identified using high-density surface electromyography

Sex-related disparities in force production of humans have been widely observed. Previous literature has attributed differences in peripheral traits, such as muscle size, to explain these disparities. However, less is known about potential sex-related differences in central neuromuscular traits and many comparable studies, not exploring sex-related differences, exhibit a selection-bias in the recruitment of subjects making the generalization of their findings difficult. Utilizing high-density electromyography arrays and motor unit (MU) decomposition, the aim of the current study is to compare MU yield and discharge properties of the tibialis anterior between male and female humans. Twenty-four subjects (10 females) performed two submaximal (20%) isometric dorsiflexion contractions. On average, males yielded nearly twice the amount of MUs as females. Further, females had significantly higher MU discharge rate, lower MU action potential amplitude, and lower MU action potential frequency content than males despite similar levels of torque and MU discharge variability. These findings suggest differences in central neuromuscular control of force production between sexes; however, it is unclear how lower yield counts affect the accuracy of these results.