雪松松针总多酚的纯化工艺和抗氧化活性研究

通过吸附-解吸附能力考察,从树脂NKA-9、S-8、AB-8、D101、HPD-100及HPD-600中筛选出适合纯化雪松松针总多酚的大孔树脂,并确定纯化工艺参数。结果表明,HPD-600树脂为纯化雪松松针总多酚的优良材料;最佳纯化工艺为:上样量为8 BV、浓度1.5 mg/m L、p H 4.0~5.0,以2 BV/h流速进行动态吸附;以10 BV/h流速的6 BV蒸馏水冲洗除杂后,用3 BV的70%乙醇以4 BV/h的流速进行解吸。在此条件下,多酚的纯度由9.88%提高到34.56%,约为纯化前的3.5倍。利用DPPH和ABTS自由基法对纯化前后雪松松针总多酚的抗氧化活性进行了比较,结果显示,清除DPPH和ABTS自由基能力依次为Vc纯化后的总多酚提取物BHT纯化前的总多酚提取物。通过测定纯化后雪松松针总多酚对野生型秀丽隐杆线虫体内活性氧的水平评价其体内抗氧化能力,结果显示,雪松松针总多酚降低了线虫体内的活性氧水平,10μg/m L雪松松针总多酚提取物溶液与4000μM/L的Vc对线虫的体内抗氧化能力相当,表现出良好的抗氧化活性。     

瓦尼桑黄多酚类化合物纯化及抗氧化活性

瓦尼桑黄中含有较多的酚类化合物,多酚类化合物具有较高的抗氧化活性。本研究采用深共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvent,DES)提取多酚类化合物,通过单因素试验确定大孔树脂纯化桑黄多酚的最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明：HPD-100大孔树脂纯化桑黄多酚的效果最好,其静态吸附-解吸最佳参数为：吸附时间为4 h,上样浓度10 mg/mL、上样液pH 4.0、解吸乙醇浓度为70%;动态吸附-解吸最佳参数为：上样量100mL、洗脱量110mL。在最佳条件下桑黄子实体多酚的纯度从14.56%提高到33.81%,纯化后的多酚具有良好的抗氧化活性能力。DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力分别为92.75%和93.03%,对牛血清蛋白氧化损伤保护效果良好,能有效抑制L929细胞的衰老。     

大孔树脂纯化岩高兰多酚的工艺研究

为获得大孔树脂纯化岩高兰多酚的最佳工艺,以岩高兰的地上部分为原料,通过考察6种不同类型树脂(HPD-100、X-5、AB-8、D101、HPD-600、NKA-II)的含水率、吸附率和解吸率的大小,筛选出一种最适合纯化岩高兰多酚的树脂。在此基础上,选择对纯化工艺影响较大的4种因素(上样浓度、乙醇浓度、洗脱流速、洗脱体积),进行响应面法分析得到最佳工艺。结果表明:HPD-600型大孔树脂对岩高兰多酚的纯化效果最佳,其最优工艺参数为:上样浓度0.84 mg·mL^-1;乙醇浓度62.15%;洗脱流速0.67 mL·min^-1;洗脱体积2.71 BV。该条件下,岩高兰多酚的提取率为229.18 mg·g^-1,岩高兰多酚的纯度由8.11%提高到22.56%,回收率为67.78%。本研究为岩高兰多酚的纯化工艺提供了新的技术路线,也可为岩高兰提取物的研究和应用提供参考。     

余甘原汁中多酚的大孔树脂提取分离及其抗氧化活性

为研究余甘子多酚的分离提取方法,本文以余甘原汁为原料,采用NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂,对上样量、洗脱剂、洗脱体积及洗脱速度等条件进行了考察,并对提取物的抗氧化活性进行了对比分析。通过试验确定了余甘原汁多酚的大孔树脂分离提取条件为:上样速度2BV/h,上样量0.8BV,洗脱剂为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱体积3BV,洗脱速度8BV/h,在此条件下NKA-Ⅱ大孔树脂对余甘原汁中多酚的吸附率可达到88.42%,洗脱率为90.93%,提取率为80.39%;对提取物的抗氧化活性分析显示,与分离前的余甘原汁干燥物相比,提取物的多酚和维生素C含量均提高了0.53倍,类超氧化物歧化酶活性(SODL)提高了1.4倍;铁离子还原能力(FRAP)明显高于分离前,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及脂质氧化的半抑制浓度(IC50)均显著低于分离前的原汁干燥物,表明通过大孔吸附树脂分离,使余甘原汁中的多酚等抗氧化活性成分得到了有效的分离纯化。     

牡丹籽饼粕中芍药苷类成分及其大孔吸附树脂纯化研究

采用乙醇提取,树脂纯化,HPLC制备以及LC-MS和1H NMR鉴定,从牡丹籽粕的醇提物中分离纯化了4种主要成分,分别为6'-O-β-D-葡萄糖芍药内酯苷、芍药内酯苷、β-gentiobiosylpaeoniflorin和芍药苷。对大孔吸附树脂法纯化芍药苷类成分的条件进行了试验,从4类11种树脂中筛选出HPD-200A型大孔吸附树脂,其较优的吸附分离条件为:上样液浓度(芍药苷)8.0 mg/mL,上样体积为4.5倍床体积(BV),流速为1/16 BV/min,洗脱剂乙醇溶液浓度为50%(v/v),洗脱体积为4 BV,流速为1/16 BV/min。此条件下所得提取物中含芍药苷32.3%、芍药内酯苷16.5%、6'-O-β-D-葡萄糖芍药内酯苷8.02%、β-gentiobiosylpaeoniflorin 6.63%。     

大孔树脂分离纯化“黑金刚”紫马铃薯花青苷工艺研究

以紫色马铃薯"黑金刚"花青苷为原料,采用D101、HDP100A、HDP450A、NK-9、AB-8五种大孔吸附树脂对花青苷的吸附与解析特性进行了比较研究,并在此基础上,采用最佳大孔树脂对花青苷纯化过程中的静态、动态吸附和解析附条件进行了优化研究。结果表明AB-8大孔树脂具有较好的吸附和解析能力,是纯化紫色马铃薯花青苷的最佳树脂,较优纯化条件为:上样液花青苷浓度为0.028mg.g-1,上样液pH=2,洗脱液乙醇浓度为50%,洗脱液pH=1,吸附流速为1mL.min-1,洗脱流速为1mL.min-1。经大孔树脂纯化后,色价值比纯化前提高了7.55倍。     

星点设计-效应面法优化大孔树脂纯化还原型萝卜硫苷工艺及体外抗氧化活性研究

为研究大孔树脂纯化还原型萝卜硫苷的最佳工艺及其抗氧化能力。实验以8种不同型号的大孔树脂对还原型萝卜硫苷的比吸附量、吸附率和洗脱率为指标筛选出最佳型号的大孔树脂,采用单因素考察和星点设计-效应面法优选出大孔树脂纯化还原型萝卜硫苷的工艺参数,通过测定纯化前后还原型萝卜硫苷提取物对DPPH自由基及ABTS~+·自由基的清除能力来表征其抗氧化活性。结果表明,HPD-722型大孔树脂纯化还原型萝卜硫苷效果最好,最佳纯化工艺为:上样液pH 5.3,上样流速2.5 BV/h,上样液浓度0.53 mg/mL;洗脱液为70%乙醇溶液,洗脱液体积为2.5 BV,洗脱液流速为1.5 BV/h,还原型萝卜硫苷纯度由0.404%提高到17.903%,纯度提高了44.35倍,纯化后的还原型萝卜硫苷GRH提取物与萝卜提取液相比,清除DPPH自由基和ABTS~+·自由基的能力分别提高了67.31和45.27倍。     

石榴皮多酚提取物及纯化物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用研究

采用紫外分光光度法研究了石榴皮多酚提取物及其2种纯化物(P-1和P-2)对α-葡萄糖苷酶体外抑制作用以及纯化物对该酶的抑制作用类型.结果显示,石榴皮多酚提取物和纯化物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性均表现出较强的抑制作用,且其作用大小与浓度呈明显的剂量-效应关系;3种多酚样品中,纯化物P-2的抑酶活性最强,纯化物P-1次之,提取物最弱,它们对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50,mg/mL)分别为0.045、0.185和0.278.石榴皮多酚纯化物P-2对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用类型为反竞争性抑制;浓度为0.01 mg/mL时该纯化物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制常数Ki为1.22 μg/mL.     

橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究CSCD

探索橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。采用40%乙醇和纤维素酶组合提取,石油醚、乙酸乙酯依次萃取分离,获得橡实粗提物、石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、萃余水相。通过测定酶抑制作用,研究各极性萃取物的体外降糖活性,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和分子对接实验验证各提取物可能的活性成分。结果表明:橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均有明显的抑制作用,其中乙酸乙酯相抑制效果最佳,其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶IC_(50)分别为1.590±0.073 mg/g、3.927±0.019(×10^(-3) mg/g);通过HPLC含量测定发现乙酸乙酯相中6种活性成含量最高,鞣花酸含量为500.75±6.93 mg/g,高于其他组分10~50倍;分子对接结果表明只有鞣花酸与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有良好的结合活性。以上结果表明,鞣花酸可能是橡实乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要活性成分。     

秦艽环烯醚萜苷类成分分离纯化工艺及抑菌活性研究

研究优化XDA-1大孔吸附树脂分离纯化秦艽环烯醚萜苷的最佳工艺,并测试其纯化产物的抑菌活性。以龙胆苦苷的含量为指标,利用动态吸附分离方法,确定秦艽环烯醚萜苷的最佳分离纯化工艺。结果表明XDA-1大孔吸附树脂分离纯化秦艽环烯醚萜苷类化学成分的最佳工艺条件为:上样液浓度0.07 g原药材/mL,pH值为5.0,吸附流速4 BV/h,上样液体积32 BV,洗脱剂浓度50%乙醇溶液,pH值7.0,解吸附流速3 BV/h,洗脱剂用量为8 BV,纯化后环烯醚萜苷含量可达62.97%,并证明了所选的大孔树脂纯化工艺稳定、可靠,值得在生产中推广应用。通过对3种细菌抑菌圈和最小抑菌浓度测定,初步评判该纯化产物的抑菌活性,结果表明,该纯化后产物具有一定的抑菌活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.