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1.
Résumé Le rubidium et le césium introduits à l'état de chlorure dans le milieu de culture ont à faible dose un effet stimulant sur la croissance de Chara fragilis et de Chara vulgaris. La résistance de ces végétaux à l'action toxique des deux ions est accrue par l'addition de potassium au milieu.Les analyses chimiques confirment que le rubidium et le césium sont antagonistes vis-à-vis du potassium et du sodium alors qu'ils ne modifient pas de manière significative le taux de calcium.
Chara fragilis and Chara vulgaris were cultivated in a natural medium containing rubidium and caesium as chloride.The growth of Characeae was increased after culture in the solutions containing Rb and Cs in small amount. The resistance to the toxic effects of these two ions is enhanced if potassium chloride is added to the medium.Quantitative analyses indicate that Rb and Cs decrease the rate of Na and K but have no significative influence on the rate of Ca.
Université de Dijon, Laboratoire de Nutrition minérale des Végétaux  相似文献   

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Résumé La fréquence des gouttelettes de miellat excrétées par Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de F.) augmente en la présence de Tapinoma simrothi Krausse., mais le phénomène est seulement important quand les aphides sont familiarisés avec la visite des fourmis. En présence d'ouvrières pourvoyeuses âgées, le nombre de gouttelettes de miellat excrétées par une colonie d'aphides est multiplié par 4,9. Les meilleures performances sont obtenues avec les larves, qui défèquent plus vite que les adultes. Les jeunes ouvrières âgées de moins de deux semaines et isolées juste avant la naissance, sont capables d'augmenter la production de gouttelettes, et ceci sans apprentissage. Mais l'effet est plutôt faible. Dans tous les cas, le nombre de sollicitations pour la nourriture est plus élevé que le nombre des gouttelettes excrétées. Habituellement, les fourmis collectent le miellat directement sur les aphides. Néanmoins, le miellat restant sur les feuilles peut être ramassé, mais cette récolte n'est pas très importante.
Summary The frequency of honeydew droplets excreted by Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de F.) increases in the presence of Tapinoma simrothi Krausse., but the phenomenon is only important when aphids are familiarized with ant-attendance. In presence of old foraging workers, the number of honeydew droplets excreted by an aphid colony is multiplied by 4.9. The best performances are obtained with larvae, which defecate faster than adults. Young workers less than two weeks old and isolated just before birth, are able to increase the droplets production, and this without apprenticeship. But the effect is rather slight. In all cases, the number of food sollicitations is higher than the number of excreted droplets. Usually, ants collect honeydew directly on aphids. Nevertheless, honeydew remaining on leaves can be picked up, but this gathering is not very important.
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Sami Lakkis 《Hydrobiologia》1973,43(1-2):235-252
2275 samples have been collected with the Continuous Plankton Recorder of Hardy at a standard depth of 10 meteres in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay between 1958–1965. Biological as well as statistical analyses have been carried out to provide data on annual fluctuations of 34 species of copepods and phytoplankton. Methods of analysis of variance and the correlation coefficient analysis were used for this purpose. The results are presented in the form of triangular matrices showing the annual fluctuations of species in the different areas considered and the relationship between different species in each area. These methods allowed us to define separate groups of species that could be called annual communities.

Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.

Extrait d'une thèse de Doctorat en Oceanographie biologique, soutenue à la faculté des Sciences de Paris le 19 décembre 1967. Ce travail a été subventionné par the Office of Naval Research, Department of the United States Navy en vertu du contrat No 62558-3612.  相似文献   

6.
In 1979 and 1980, batch culture experiments were conducted to observe the inhibitory effect of copper ion (concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg Cu · l–1) on the standing crops and photosynthesis of phytoplankton of the Saguenay River (for 124 hours) and in Chlorella vulgaris (for 8 days). These algal assays were carried out using the surface water of the Saguenay River. In natural populatoins of phytoplankton, it was found that photosynthesis was more sensitive than growth: at the lowest concentrations, such as 10 µg Cu · 1–1, copper seemed to increase the chlorophyll concentrations whereas the rates of primary production show a decrease of 60% with respect to the control. At higher concentrations of copper, the effect is weak in chlorophyll concentrations and more pronounced in the rates of primary production (decrease of 86 to 90%). The pennate diatoms are dominant (in all the samples) and these organisms are known as relatively resistant to copper. In Chlorella vulgaris, it was observed that with 100 µg Cu · 1–1, chlorophyll concentrations and rates of photosynthesis respectively decrease by 63 and 99% with respect to the control. At higher concentrations of copper, a maximum decrease of 70% and 99% respectively for chlorophyll concentrations and rates of primaryproduction are observed.
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7.
Leon Tetreault 《CMAJ》1964,91(2):61-66
The subjective effects of dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and placebo were evaluated in 16 medical students during the period just prior to their final oral examinations. The subjects served as their own controls. The order of administration of the three medications for each student was randomized, and a double-blind technique was used throughout. A questionnaire method was employed for the collection of results, which proved to be a useful and effective means. It demonstrated that dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and placebo were statistically different from one another with regard to their effect on efficiency of studying, fatigue, duration of sleep and appetite. There were also significant differences in the number of side effects caused by the three medications. The stimulants, however, did not increase the number of study hours, nor was their use recommended by the students when preparing for important examinations.  相似文献   

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《Médecine Nucléaire》2017,41(5):329-334
Prostate cancer is the most frequent of cancers and represents the third leading cause of death by cancer, for men over 50 years, in France and Europe. The incidence decreases since about ten years. Mass screening is not recommended. Individual early diagnosis is based on a yearly exam including Prostate Specific Antigene (PSA) blood test and a digital rectal exam. The target for this diagnostic approach are men from 50 to 75 years with more than 10 years of life expectancy. A series of prostatic biopsy are carried out in case of clinical and/or biological prostate cancer suspicion. The additional examinations recommended in the assessment of extension of prostate cancer with intermediate and high risk are: MRI, bones scintigraphy, scan CAP (metastatic stage), and sometimes Choline PET-CT. Curative treatments are proposed to men with a probability of survival over 10 years, suffering from localized or locally advanced cancer. Gold standard treatments are: active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, radiotherapy alone or with surgery and/or hormone therapy. Experimental treatments of localized tumors are: focal treatments (phototherapy dynamic, high intensity focused ultrasound). For the more advanced forms, the interest of early chemotherapy is extensively studied.  相似文献   

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Résumé Le programme biogaz au Burundi a démarré par la création d'un Département chargé de la mise au point de stratégies de vulgarisation de nouvelles sources d'énergie. Au sein de ce Département on a établi les constats suivants: (1) la nécessité de former des cadres et d'établir un inventaire de la biomasse biodégradable au Burundi; (2) un problème de collecte des déchets et de distribution du gaz et des effluents dû à l'habitat dispersé; (3) l'existence de collectivités (écoles, hôpitaux, casernes); et (4) l'évacuation dans le lac Tanganyka des déchets des usines agro-alimentaires. En conséquence le Burundi a fait appel à trois formes de coopération. Un financement de l'Administration Belge de la Coopération au Développement a permis l'éstablissement d'un centre de démonstration et d'un laboratoire responsables de recherches, cours de formation, démonstration et suivis scientifiques et techniques. Un financement du Gouvernement Burundais permet à trois experts chinois la réalisation de digesteurs pilotes à raison de cinq à six par province. Un financement de la GTZ permet la diffusion de la technologie par le biais de la mise en place d'une structure (bureaux régionaux, formation de techniciens maçons et de multiplicateurs potentiels) et la construction d'installations.
Summary The Burundi biogas programme started with the setting up of a new Department with the overall responsibility for the popularization of new sources of energy. The biogas programme started because : (1) it was felt necessary to train staff and to establish an inventory of the biodegradable biomass in Burundi; (2) a largely scattered habitat complicated both the collection of domestic waste and the distribution of gas; (3) there existed large communities like schools, hospitals, etc.; and (4) the fact that Lake Tanganyka was more and more used as a dumping area for the wastes of the agro-industrial industry. Thus three cooperation programmes were started. From Belgium a funding by BADC allowed setting up of a demonstration centre and laboratory to promote research on biomethanation, to train personnel and permit scientific and technical follow-up of biomethanation projects. Three Chinese experts were recruited to help realize pilot digesters in all the provinces. And finally a programme funded by West Germany realized the dissemination of the technology through the country with the training of peasants via local training centres.

Resumen El programa de biogas de Burundi empezó con la creación de un nuevo departamento con la misión de popularizar nuevas fuentes de energía. El programa de biogas empezó porque (1) se creyó necesaria la formación de personal y el establecimiento de un inventario de la biomasa biodegradable en Burundi, (2) el hábitat muy desperdigado complica tanto la recolección de basuras domésticas como la distribución de gas, (3) existen comunidades numerosas como escuelas, hospitales etc. y (4) el lago Tanganika se estaba utilizando cada vez más como un basurero para los desechos de la industria agro-industrial. Así pues se iniciaron tres programas de cooperación: Bélgica mediante la financiación del BADC permitió la creación de un centro de demostración y de un laboratorio para promocionar la investigación en biometanación, formar al personal y permitir un seguimiento científico y técnico de los proyectos de biometanación. Se ha obtenido la colaboración de tres expertos chinos para ayundar a la realización de digestores piloto en todas las provincias. Y finalmente un programa financiado por Alemania Occidental se encarga de la distridución de la tecnología por todo el país formando campesinos a través de centros de formación locales.
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Résumé Trente cinq enzymes sont recherchées lors de l'étude comparative de la lutéinisation et la lutéolyse. Vingt six sont histochimiquement décelables dans les corps jaunes gestatifs leur permettant de stocker et métaboliser glucides, corps gras, nucléotides, amines, phosphates, sulfates et d'autres métabolites. Les activités importantes des enzymes de la voie des pentoses, des diaphorases et de la stéroïde 3 ol DH témoigneraient d'une stéroïdogenèse active. Les cellules lutéiniques thécales semblent histoenzymatiquement mieux pourvues au début de la luteinisation; les cellules lutéiniques granuleuses le sont pendant les stades ultérieurs.La lutéolyse est marquée par une diminution de la plupart des activités enzymatiques. Les activités tant qu'elles existent, sont topographiquement limitées (ilôts actifs extra lutéaux) et surtout métaboliquement restreintes. L'équipement enzymatique des structures lutéales très involuées suggère plutôt qu'une stéroïdogenèse même résiduelle des processus typiques et une activité des éléments conjonctifs (fibrillogenèse).
Histoenzymatic functions of the evolution and the luteolysis of the corpus luteum of the rabbit
Summary 35 enzymes were investigated in the course of a comparative study on the luteinisation and luteolysis. 26 of them were found in the corpora lutea during gestation. They were able as a consequence to stock and the metabolize glucides, lipides, nucleotides, amines, phosphates, sulphates as well as other metabolites. The strong activities of the pentose shunt's enzymes, of the tetrazolium reductases and 5 3 OH-steroide DH indicated most probably an active steroidogenesis. The theca-luteinic cells appeared having a stronger histoenzymatic activity in the beginning of the luteinisation; the granuloso-luteinic cells showed a stronger activity in the later stades.The luteolysis is characterized by a decrease of the activity of the preponderant number of the enzymes mainly in the degenerated luteal cells. The enzymes activities as far as such existed were topographically limited (active extraluteal islands) and restricted mainly in their metabolizing possibilities. The author's results suggested as more probable the existence of a process of lysis and an activity of the connective tissue elements (fibrillogenesis) than a steroidogenesis, even though in a residual or terminal form.
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The crossed nerve anastomosis between the peripheral end of the vagus nerve, cut above the nodose ganglion, and the peripheral end of the accessory nerve has demonstrated the capacity of some vagal afférents to reinnervate, via the accessory nerve stump, certain sternocephalicus muscle fibers in the rabbit. These results add to our understanding of the capacity of these afferents to counter the post-denervational atrophying process that occurs in the reinnervated muscles and to evaluate the changes induced in these muscles during reinnervation. Our work shows that within 3 months, the vagal sensory reinnervation of previously denervated sternocephalicus muscles induces their total weight recovery. This recovery is concomitant on the one hand with the hypertrophy of the four muscle fiber types (I, IIbd, IIc and IIa) identified histochemically in the normal muscles and, on the other, with the appearance of small newly formed myofibers, which are often underlined by characteristic central nuclei. The vagal sensory neurones induce important changes in the percentages and the muscle cross-sectional distribution of the fibers in reinnervated muscles. In these muscles we see also the disappearance of the fast myosin heavy chains MHCiib and MHCiid, the upholding of the fast MHCiia percentage and an increase in the slow MHCi isoform.  相似文献   

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Sans résuméCollège de France et Centre de Recherches Hydrobiologiques du C.N.R.S. à Gif.  相似文献   

17.
Résumé Les fibrilles constitutives du phragmoplaste sont de nature protéique. L'action du-mercaptoéthanol permet de conclure que ces protéines sont liées par des ponts S-S. En présence d'urée, la structure du phragmoplaste est détruite, ce qui indique l'existence de liaisons hydrogènes.
Zusammenfassung Unsere Arbeit führt zu folgenden Resultaten: 1. Die im Phragmoplast befindliche Faserstruktur besitzt einen Eiweißstoffcharakter. 2. Der Effekt des-Merkaptoäthanols gestattet die Annahme, daß die Proteine mit S-S-Brücken verbunden sind. 3. Bei Anwesenheit von Harnstoff wird die Phragmoplaststruktur zerstört, was für das Vorhandensein von H-Brücken spricht.


Boursière de la Fondation Rockefeller  相似文献   

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Résumé Du cordo-mésoderme dorsal greffé sur la région ventrale d'un massif endodermique de même âge provoque sa différenciation locale (st. 17/neurula). Des néo-formations nombreuses et variées sont obtenues en faisant varier les caractéristiques du greffon (cordo-mésoderme) et du porte-greffe (endoderme). L'existence, la nature et le volume de ces néo-formations dépendent: de l'étroitesse et de la durée du contact greffon/porte-greffe, de l'âge du cordo-mésoderme et de l'âge de l'endoderme, des niveaux de contact, plus ou moins antérieurs, du greffon et du porte-greffe.Les résultats des greffes (st. 17) sont interprétés grâce à la construction de modèles théoriques. Ces modèles sont bâtis sur les quatre paramètres suivants: 1) l'existence de 2 facteurs morphogénétiques, l'un de nature endodermique et l'autre de nature cordo-mésodermique. Ces 2 facteurs sont responsables de l'apparition de néo-formations; 2) la localisation de ces 2 facteurs actifs dans les deux tiers (antérieur et moyen) de l'endoderme et du cordo-mésoderme; 3) la décroissance de l'activité des 2 facteurs selon l'axe antéro-postérieur de l'embryon; 4) le rôle différent de chacun de ces 2 facteurs. Le facteur endodermique déterminerait la nature et la taille des néo-formations; le facteur cordo-mésodermique jouerait un rôle stimulant.Une discussion est engagée sur la méthode, la démarche et l'intérêt de ce type d'interprétation des résultats.
Effect of dorsal chordo-mesoderm on regionalisation and differentiation of the endodermal mass inRana dalmatina bon (Amphibia Anura)Elaboration of a theoretical model
Summary Chordo-mesoderm grafted onto the ventral area of yolk endoderm of the same age causes its local differentiation (Rana dalmatina: st. 17/neurula). Numerous and various neo-formations are achieved by variation of the grafted tissue (chordo-mesoderm) and host (endoderm) characteristics. The existence, the constitution and the volume of the neo-formations are dependant on: the tightness and the duration of the graft/host contact, the age of the chordo-mesoderm and the age of the endoderm, and the antero-posterior level of contact with grafted tissue and host.The results of the grafts (st. 17) are explained by the elaboration of a theoretical model. These models are elaborated according to four parameters: (1) the existence of two morphogenetic factors, one endodermal and the other mesodermal. These two factors are responsible for the constitution of neo-formations; (2) the localization of these two factors, active in the anterior and median thirds of the endoderm and the chorda-mesoderm; (3) decreasing activity of these two factors along to the antero-posterior axis of the embryo; (4) the different notes of each of these two factors. The endodermal factor might determine the constitution and the size of the neo-formations; the chordo-mesodermal factor might play a stimulatory role.The method, the procedure and the interpretation of this kind of results are discussed.
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In order to estimate the phytoplankton net production, a model based on the relationships between phytoplankton photosynthesis and underwater irradiance established from measurements performed in a mesotrophic reservoir (Pareloup) over 8 years has been coupled with a model of algal respiration, taking into account variations of maintenance and mitochondrial respiration among algal groups. Simulations were carried out in different hydrodynamic and meteorological conditions. The results indicated that the depth and the stability of thermocline have a great impact on the actual light energy available for phytoplankton and consequently on the net production values. Periods of light limitation coincide with the predominance of diatoms, which are best adapted to grow in low light conditions owing to high P/R ratios. Changes in light conditions related to the transient disturbances of the thermal structure may be at the origin of the replacements of species characterized by different P/R ratios. At Lake Pareloup, the mean depth is almost equal to the depth of the euphotic layer and, whatever level of water, the areal net production of the littoral zone does not significantly differ from the mean areal net production of the whole lake. The biomass produced is simultaneously eliminated from the water column by sedimentation and/or by Zooplankton grazing.  相似文献   

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