PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER—Review of 173 Cases

One hundred seventy-three cases of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder were analyzed. In the group studied they made 2.11 per cent of all malignant tumors found at autopsy and were found in 1.89 per cent of all cases in which operation was done on the biliary tract. There was no appreciable change in the incidence of this tumor at autopsy during the period studied (1918-1948) at the Los Angeles County Hospital. Sixty-eight per cent of the cases were in females. A particularly high incidence was noted in Mexican females.Upper abdominal pain, loss of weight, nausea and vomiting, jaundice, and palpable mass or enlarged liver were the most common clinical features. Approximately one-third of the patients in whom the lesion was found at operation and one-fifth of all the patients whose records were studied had a history of chronic gallbladder disease.All but two of the 38 patients operated on were dead or had clinical recurrence within two years. One was alive and well 12 years after cholecystectomy.The most common gross appearance, particularly at autopsy, was a large tumor mass replacing the gallbladder and radiating to nearby organs, particularly the liver. In about one-third of the cases the tumor was grossly limited to the gallbladder. Polypoid tumors occurred in only about 10 per cent of the cases and most of the tumors were diffusely growing adenocarcinoma. Perforation appeared in nine cases, usually with fistula to the gastrointestinal tract. All of the tumors were histologically adenocarcinoma, usually of simple glandular structure. No purely squamous cell growth occurred.Gallstones were found in 79.8 per cent of the cases.     

手法治疗老年性退行性脊柱炎173例

1992年以来 ,我院采用手法治疗老年性退行性脊柱炎 1 73例 ,经临床观察疗效满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般情况　本组 1 73例中 ,男 1 48例 ,女 2 5例 ,年龄 5 6～ 79岁 ,平均 6 2 .3岁 ,病程 2～ 7年平均 4.5年 ,其中以颈椎为主的 74例 ,以腰椎为主的 99例。1 .2　诊断依据　 (1 )病程较长 ,颈项及腰背强直 ,板滞及疼痛 ,并有不同程度的功能受限或障碍 ;(2 )晨起症状加重 ,活动后减轻 ;(3 ) X线检查可见脊柱关节有不同程度的增生性改变。1 .3　治疗方法　以通经活络 ,顺理肌筋 ,补益肾气 ,通畅脏腑 ,除湿祛寒 ,填精补髓 ,强壮腰…     

Effect of the Deletion of the (173–280) Fragment of the Inserted α-Helical Domain on the Functional Properties of АТР-Dependent Lon Protease from <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis>

The effect of the coiled-coil (CC) region of the α-helical inserted domain of Escherichia coli Lon protease (Ec-Lon) on the functional activity of the enzyme has been characterized. A recombinant form des-CC(G5)-Lon in which the deleted CC fragment is replaced by a pentaglycine peptide has been obtained and investigated. It has been shown that the CC region is involved in the recognition of the nucleotide nature by the enzyme and the interaction of the enzyme with the protein substrate. It has been also established that the CC region is necessary for the formation and functioning of the ATPase and peptidase active centers, the occurrence of allosteric interactions between them, and for the implementation of proteolysis by a unique processive mechanism.     

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene -173G>C polymorphism and risk of bladder cancer in southeast China: a case–control analysis

Inflammatory factors may promote carcinogenesis. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is derived from T-cell, known as a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, plays an important role in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response to infection and in the etiology of bladder cancer. We hypothesized that MIF-173 locus polymorphism might contribute to genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer. In a hospital-based case–control study of 325 patients with bladder cancer and 345 cancer-free controls frequency-matched by age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol use, we genotyped the MIF polymorphism and analyzed immunohistochemical stained operational bladder cancer tissue sections for MIF. We found that individuals with GC/CC genotype had a significantly decreased risk of bladder cancer (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.41–0.79) than those with GG genotype. In the stratification analysis, we found that the decreased risk was more pronounced among older subjects (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.39–0.81), men (0.47, 0.33–0.68), smokers (0.54, 0.35–0.85), and ever-drinkers (0.44, 0.27–0.71). The percentage of positive staining in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the normal and bladder cancer with CC/GC genotype tissues was higher than that of GG genotype bladder cancer tissue(39.1% vs. 75.0% in strong staining for GG and GC/CC genotypes, respectively, P = 0.028). In conclusion, MIF -173G>C polymorphism may play a role in the etiology of bladder cancer in southern Chinese population. Large studies are warranted to validate our findings.     

2007年1～12期(总第162～173期)总目次

荒漠河岸林胡杨吸水根系空间分布特征…司建华等(1.1)澳门路氹湿地芦苇氮磷含量的季节变化…林小涛等(1.5)油页岩废渣对植物生长的影响及石灰改良效应黄娟等(1.9)…………………………………………………………聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠固定Microbacteriumsp.S2-4的微环境分析…………………………………李海波等(1.16)常温环境中产嗜热蛋白酶菌资源……………王国惠(1.21)华北高产农田生态系统中冬小麦分蘖期生长与碳截留屈波等(1.25)………………………………………………模拟酸雨对乐东拟单性木兰幼苗部分生理指标的影响李志国等(1.31)……………     

173株嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的菌群分布及对常用抗生素的药物敏感分析

目的了解嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的菌群分布及耐药性。方法用VITEK-60细菌鉴定仪对病原菌进行测定,药敏分析采用K-B法。结果嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌引起的感染主要在重症监护病区和呼吸病区,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,复方新诺明、头孢他啶、替卡西林/克拉维酸、氧氟沙星的敏感率最高分别为81.8%、70.6%、68.6%、66.5%、62.5%。其余药物的耐药率均达50%。结论明确病原菌并根据药敏结果合理使用有效抗生素极为重要。     

A comparative analysis of karyotypes of three species of Macleaya—producers of a complex of isoquinoline alkaloids

Using a set of methods (C-banding, DAPI-staining, fluorescence hybridization in situ (FISH) with probes of 26S and 5S rDNA, and analysis of meiosis), the first comparative cytogenetic study of three species of Macleaya, producers of complex isoquinoline alkaloids, cordate Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. (2n = 20), small-fruited Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde (2n = 20) and Macleaya kewensis Turrill (2n = 20), was first carried out. On the basis of morphometric analysis, formulas of karyotypes were made for each species. Species ideograms for M. cordata, M. microcarpa, and M. kewensis were constructed taking into account the polymorphic variants of the C-banding patterns and indicating the location of 26S and 5S rDNA sites. A comparative study revealed that the karyotypes of M. microcarpa and M. kewensis have more in common with each other than with M. cordata. Analysis of meiotic chromosomes suggests of genetic stability of Macleaya genomes. The results of chromosome analysis were used to confirm the close relationship of Macleaya and to clarify their phylogenetic relationships.     

不同鼠龄的人多巴胺D5^F173L突变基因转基因高血压小鼠血压及心脏结构与功能分析

目的通过对不同年龄多巴胺D5^F173L突变基因及D5正常基因转基因小鼠的血压和心脏结构与功能进行分析,了解多巴胺D5受体在高血压发生发展过程中的作用。方法利用无创血压测量仪和高分辨率小动物超声系统检测两种转基因小鼠的血压和左心室壁厚度、左心室内径、左心室容积、射血分数、短轴缩短率和左心室质量等心脏功能指标。结果 D5^F173L转基因小鼠4月龄、6月龄、16月龄时收缩压、舒张压都明显高于D5转基因小鼠;4月龄、6月龄的D5F173L转基因小鼠与D5转基因小鼠相比舒张期和收缩期左室壁厚度均明显增大、左室内容积均明显变小、左心室重量增加;16月龄的D5^F173L转基因小鼠与D5转基因小鼠相比左心室前壁增厚、心腔内径缩短,心腔容积下降、心室重量增加、射血分数提高、短轴缩短率提高;在18月龄时D5^F173L转基因小鼠相比于D5转基因小鼠左心室收缩期前壁厚度增加,后壁厚度减少,舒张期前壁厚度增加,后壁厚度减少;另外在18月龄时D5^F173L转基因小鼠与其16月龄时相比,射血分数、短轴缩短率明显降低,收缩期左心室容积明显增大。结论 D5^F173L转基因小鼠的血压及心脏功能与结构的分析结果符合原发性高血压的特征。D5^F173L转基因小鼠可作为原发性高血压动物模型。     

Effect of γ-Irradiation on Development of Lachrymator of Onion

A thermosensitive uracil requiring mutant of Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 thy trp₂ ts42 was examined as to the colony forming ability at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. The viability of the mutant cells decreased rapidly at the restrictive temperature in the modified Woese’s (MW) medium. However, the cells retained viability when sodium succinate or potassium chloride was added to the medium at that temperature although uracil deficiency was unchanged. A little but significant incorporation of adenine-8-¹⁴C into RNA still continued even after the incorporation of N-acetyl-³H-d-glucosamine into acid insoluble fraction of the cells terminated in the MW medium at 48°C. Both incorporations as well as increase of absorbance were slowed down in the presence of sodium succinate at 48°C. This mutant, ts42, was more sensitive to deoxycholate (DOC) than the parent strain. The restoration of colony forming ability after the temperature shift back from 48 to 37°C was suppressed by the addition of DOC to the medium. However, the cell became resistant to DOC when uracil was added to the medium prior to the temperature shift.     

Mechanisms of action of the α-amylase of Micromonospora melanosporea

The -amylase of Micromonospora melanosporea was produced extracellularly during batch fermentation in a 5.0-1 fermentor. The absence of an organic nitrogen source in its growth medium facilitated subsequent purification of the enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation and two consecutive Superose-12 gel-filtration steps. The enzyme exhibited maxima for activity at pH 7.0 and 55° C and was 72% stable at pH 6.0–12.0 for 30 min at 40° C. It had a relative molecular mass of 45 000 and an isoelectric point at pH 7.6. The enzyme catalyses the conversion of starch to maltose (53%, w/w) as the predominant final end-product. Initial hydrolysis of this substrate, however, gave rise to the formation of maltooligosaccharides in the range maltotriose to maltohexaose. Maximum yields of these intermediate sugars accumulated to between 31 and 42% (w/w) as the reaction proceeded. The action of the M. melanosporea amylase on high concentrations of saccharides larger than maltotriose resulted in the formation of mainly maltose and maltotriose without concomitant glucose production. A combination of hydrolytic and transfer events is postulated to be responsible for this phenomenon and for the high maltose levels achieved. Correspondence to: C. T. Kelly     

Selection of optimal variants of Gō-like models of proteins through studies of stretching

The Gō-like models of proteins are constructed based on the knowledge of the native conformation. However, there are many possible choices of a Hamiltonian for which the ground state coincides with the native state. Here, we propose to use experimental data on protein stretching to determine what choices are most adequate physically. This criterion is motivated by the fact that stretching processes usually start with the native structure, in the vicinity of which the Gō-like models should work the best. Our selection procedure is applied to 62 different versions of the Gō model and is based on 28 proteins. We consider different potentials, contact maps, local stiffness energies, and energy scales—uniform and nonuniform. In the latter case, the strength of the nonuniformity was governed either by specificity or by properties related to positioning of the side groups. Among them is the simplest variant: uniform couplings with no i, i + 2 contacts. This choice also leads to good folding properties in most cases. We elucidate relationship between the local stiffness described by a potential which involves local chirality and the one which involves dihedral and bond angles. The latter stiffness improves folding but there is little difference between them when it comes to stretching.     

Mechanism of action of α-galactosidase

The effect ofpH on K_m and V_max values of coconut α-galactosidase indicates the involvement of two ionizing groups with pK_a values of 3.5 and 6.5 in catalysis. Chemical modification has indicated the presence of two carboxyl groups, a tryptophan and a tyrosine, at or near the active site of α-galactosidase. Based on these facts a new mechanism of action for α-galactosidase is proposed in which the ionizing group with a pK_a of 3.5 is a carboxyl group involved in stabilizing a carbonium ion intermediate and the ionizing group with a pK_a of 6.5 is a carboxyl group perturbed due to the presence of a hydrophobic residues in its vicinity which donates a H⁺ ion in catalysis.     

Chemistry of the “molecular trap” of protease-catalyzed splicing reaction of complementary segments of α-subunit of hemoglobin A

The complementary fragments of human Hb α, α_1–30, and α_31–141 are spliced together by V8 protease in the presence of 30%n-propanol to generate the full-length molecule (Hb α-semisynthetic reaction). Unlike the other protease-catalyzed protein/peptide splicing reactions of fragment complementing systems, the enzymic condensation of nonassociating segments of Hb α is facilitated by the organic cosolvent induced α-helical conformation of product acting as the “molecular trap” of the splicing reaction. The segments α_24–30 and α_31–40 are the shortest complementary segments that can be spliced by V8 protease. In the present study, the chemistry of the contiguous segment (product) α_24–40 has been manipulated by engineering the amino acid replacements to the positions α²⁷ and α³¹ to delineate the structural basis of the molecular trap. The location of Glu²⁷ and Arg³¹ residues in the contiguous segment α_24–40 (as well as in other larger segments) is ideal to generate (i, i+4) side-chain carboxylate-guanidino interaction in its α-helical conformation. The amino acid residue replacement studies have confirmed that the side chains at α²⁷ and α³¹ facilitate the semisynthetic reaction. The relative influence of the substitute at these sites on the splicing reaction depends on the chemical nature of the side chain and the location. The γ-carboxylate guanidino side-chain interaction appears to contribute up to a maximum of 85% of the thermodynamic stability of the molecular trap. The studies also demonstrate that the thermodynamic stability of the molecular trap is determined by two interdependent conformational aspects of the peptide. One is an amino acid-sequence-specific event that facilitates the induction of an α-helical conformation to the contiguous segment in the presence of organic cosolvent that imparts some amount of protease resistance to Glu³⁰-Arg³¹ peptide bond. The second structural aspect is a site-specific event, ani, i+4 side-chain interaction in the α-helical conformation of the peptide which imparts an additional thermodynamic stability to the molecular trap. The results suggest that conformationally driven “molecular traps” of protease-mediated ligation reactions of peptides could be designed into products to facilitate the modular assembly of peptides/proteins.     

Association of the subunits of the calcium-independent receptor of α-latrotoxin

CIRL-1 also called latrophilin 1 or CL belongs to the family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). As all members of adhesion GPSR family CIRL-1 consists of two heterologous subunits, extracellular hydrophilic p120 and heptahelical membrane protein p85. Both CIRL-1 subunits are encoded by one gene but as a result of intracellular proteolysis of precursor, mature receptor has two-subunit structure. It was also shown that a minor portion of the CIRL-1 receptor complexes dissociates, producing the soluble receptor ectodomain, and this dissociation is due to the second cleavage at the site between the site of primary proteolysis and the first transmembrane domain. Recently model of independent localization p120 and p85 on the cell surface was proposed. In this article we evaluated the amount of p120-p85 complex still presented on the cellular membrane and confirmed that on cell surface major amount of mature CIRL-1 presented as a p120-p85 subunit complex.