Age-related features of the metabolism of fatty acid components of phospholipids of the cell nuclei of rat liver under the effect of dietetic factors

The metabolism of nuclear phospholipid acyl components of liver in uneven-aged rats was studied in vitro under different dietary fat implications. The activity of phospholipases A1 and A2 in the nuclei was found to sharply increase in animals pretreated with excess of fat. The incorporation of labelled palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid into nuclear phospholipids is under control of age and diet manipulations. The observed changes in the level of fatty acids metabolism are more pronounced in cell nuclei of the young rat liver. The lipid composition of cell nuclei in the test 3-month old animals does not differ from that of the control animals. At the same time dietary implications induce deep changes in the composition of nuclear lipids in 24-months old animals.     

平疣桑椹石磺精子结构观察

通过电光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了平疣桑椹石磺精子的形态及其超微结构。平疣桑椹石磺成熟精子属于进化型,由头部、中段和末段组成。头部由顶体和精核构成,顶体长约0.7μm,呈细奶嘴状,内含物分布均匀,电子密度稍低于细胞核。顶体基部与精核前端紧密相连,无间隙。精核长约3.8μm,宽约1.0μm,核质高度浓缩,电子密度高,无核泡,纵切似辣椒状,核后端内凹形成核后窝。中段加长,结构复杂,线粒体演化成线粒体鞘,螺旋状包绕轴丝。精子末段由轴丝及包绕轴丝的质膜组成,轴丝为典型的“9＋2”结构。比较了平疣桑椹石磺精子与相关腹足类精子结构的异同,进一步证实了腹足纲贝类精子结构之间的区别主要在于顶体有无及形态,精核的长短与外形、中段线粒体的数目及其排列方式等。     

F肌动蛋白作为胞间连丝组分的结构与生理学证据

以蒜 (AlliumsativumL .)瓣鞘外表皮为材料 ,利用荧光特异探针与共焦镜检术 ,结合透射电镜与免疫金标记对表皮细胞间胞间联络的性质、结构进行了系统观察。结果表明 ,加厚壁上的通道是由狭长的管状胞质和初生纹孔场上成束的胞间连丝衔接组成 ,前者实为原生质体的一部分。单个胞间连丝的孔径为 6 0～ 70nm ,属正常胞间连丝范围 ,它们乃相邻细胞间共质联系的所在。荧光探针TRITC_Phalloidin (TRITC_Ph)标记的结果显示 ,整个通道上呈现红色荧光的纤索在接近初生纹孔场处明显变窄 ,与超微结构观察中所见的结构特点相吻合 ,共焦镜下观察到的初生壁上的荧光亮斑乃初生纹孔场中成束胞间连丝被标记的反映 ,从而有效地证实了F肌动蛋白在常态胞间连丝上的存在。免疫金标记实验显示在管状胞质中和胞间连丝上有金颗粒分布 ,这一结果为证实荧光标记物具肌动蛋白性质提供了有说服力的补充。     

齿瓣石斛多倍体的诱导初报

采用多倍体育种技术,对云南的野生热带兰花齿瓣石斛(Dendrobium devonianum)进行多倍体诱导试验。利用秋水仙素作为诱导剂,对二倍体试管苗进行诱导,在短期内培育出多倍体植株。用0.03%的秋水仙素处理齿瓣石斛丛生芽24h,其诱导效果最好。观察结果显示:多倍体齿瓣石斛材料在形态、气孔直径、染色体数目上都有变化。DNA指纹图谱等方面都发生了显著的改变。多倍体齿瓣石斛试管苗出现了植株粗壮、叶片增厚等优良性状。此研究是多倍体育种技术在我国热带兰花育种中的一次成功尝试。     

Molecular-genetic basis of regulation of the synthesis of individual types of hemoglobin

The data on the control of ontogenetic hemoglobin type synthesis were analyzed in normal and pathological human and animal organisms. The assumption is made that such control depends on the level of erythroid cell differentiation and erythropoetic factors activity. The latters act as a trigger in switching of qualitative hemoglobin production.     

Morpho-functional grounds of mode of life of Cladocera. V. Morphology and adaptive modifications of trunk limbs of anomopoda

Summary The structure of trunk limbs of Cladocera is comparatively reviewed. The structure of thoracic limbs of the primitive Chydorids Saycia cooki and Eurycercus glacialis is described and figured. The structure of leg I is described and figured in detail. The component parts of leg I of Chydoridae are homologized with those of other Anomopoda. The main phylogenetic trends are pointed out for leg I formation: involution of the posterior lobe of the endite, oligomerization of the setae in the homologous groups, especially those of the posterior lobes of the endite, specialization of the external branch of the endite for creeping in littoral forms and its general involution in planktonic forms. In connection with creeping the setae of the external branch of the endite differentiate in length and form, some of setules may enlarge or disappear. Legs II–V are built according to the same pattern but considerably differ in form and function in Cladocera, which are related to Conchostraca, possessing little differing appendages of different segments. The structure and the chaetal system of the homologous parts of legs II–VI of Anomopoda are analysed. Phylogenetic trends towards specialization and oligomerization are pointed out. The setae tend to form functional groups (e.g. in legs I, III). Thoracic legs II–VI present an example of a plasticity of a metameric organ built by the same pattern. These legs lost a locomotory function and perform other tasks. Setae of Cladocera have rather high formative possibilities. The examples of extreme changes of form are pointed out.     

Two types of haemolytic activity of detergents

The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 at concentrations of about 0.003 to 0.008% causes swelling followed by the haemolysis of erythrocytes suspended in 160 mM KCl. The rate of haemolysis increases with the increase in detergent concentration. Finally all the erythrocytes are haemolysed. The resistance of erythrocytes to this detergent decreases with an increase in temperature. The effect of Triton X-100 is explained by increased membrane permeability to KCl and colloid osmotic haemolysis. The anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), at concentrations of about 0.003 to 0.001% causes the haemolysis of a certain number of erythrocytes. This number increases with an increase in detergent concentration. The resistance of erythrocytes to SDS increases with an increase in temperature. The effect of SDS is explained by direct disruption of membranes by the detergent.     

Morphological characteristics of tissue components of various layers of the rat myocardium in the early period of development of myocardial hypertrophy]

The tissue components of the subendocardial, intramural and subepicardial layers of the myocardium of rats were examined by morphometry on the 10 day after 50% subphrenic coarctation of the abdominal aorta. The decrease of the relative volume of cardiomyocytes in the subendocardial layer and the increase of this index in the other layers of myocardium were discovered. The decrease of the surface of cardiomyocytes was maximal in the intramural layer and in the other examined layers the decrease was less. Some increase of the average diameters of cardiomyocytes in subepicardial and intramural layers was shown. The cardiomyocytes diameter practically did not change in the subendocardial layer. The increase of the relative volume and surface of the capillaries was revealed in the subendocardial layer. These indexes were decreased in a different degree in the subepicardial and intramural layers.     

陕西秦岭半仓山蝎蛉的生物学观察

2004~2005年,在陕西省南部米仓山黎坪国家森林公园研究了秦岭蝎蛉Panorpa qinlingensisChouetRan的年生活史和生物学习性,通过饲养,成功获得卵、幼虫、蛹等虫态。结果表明,秦岭蝎蛉在米仓山1年发生2代,以预蛹在土室里越冬,5月中旬始见越冬代成虫,5月中旬末~6月上旬为越冬代成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬~8月中旬为第1代成虫羽化盛期,成虫在室内可存活35~60 d。羽化近1周后开始交尾,交尾4~8 d后开始产卵,单雌产卵量35~180粒,卵期5~9 d;幼虫型,共4龄,历期38~50d;蛹为强颚离蛹,蛹期8~18 d。记述了主要生物学习性。     

The influence of denervation of the maturation of the flight muscle of Periplaneta americana.

The metathoracic musculature of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana was denervated by dissecting the nerves originating in the metathoracic ganglion on one side within 2 days after the last moult. The biochemical and morphological differences between normal and denervated musculature were followed two weeks later. Denervation completely prevents the gain in weight, protein content and cytochrome oxidase activity which occur in normal muscles during the two weeks after previous moulting. The content of phosphoarginine in the denervated muscle does not differ from the control muscle and is lower than in young muscles. The ability to resynthesize phosphoarginine postanaerobically is substantially lower in the denervated muscle than in control muscles, or in young muscles immediately after the last moult. The ultramicroscopic structure of the denervated muscle differs from that of the normal muscle: the mitochondria possess less cristae, the matrix between them appears less dense and the sarcoplasmatic reticulum is less developed. Thus the denervated muscle not only fails to mature, but also developes serious structural and biochemical disorders.     

Chronology and dynamics of the development of female genital organs of cattle fetuses

The chronology and dynamics of the female germ cell development, of the mitotic activity of oogonia, and of the chromosome rearrangements at prophase I of meiosis have been quantitatively estimated in 30 cow embryos and foetuses at the age of 1.5 to 9 months. The sexual differentiation of the gonads was shown in a 1.5 month old embryo. The oocytes at the stages of preleptotene chromosome condensation and decondensation occurred in the 1.5 month old embryos and their maximum number was observed in the 2-5 month old foetuses. The leptotene oocytes were found in the 2-2.5 month old foetuses. The transition to zygotene and pachytene was also recorded in the 2-2.5 month old foetuses but their maximum number was observed in the 4-6 month old foetuses; their number was reduced to single oocytes thereafter. The first diplotene oocytes appeared in the 3 month old foetuses but the active transition of the oocytes to diplotene was observed after four months of development. The formation of a layer of follicle cells takes place around the diplotene oocytes. The vast majority of degenerating germ cells are the oocytes in zygotene-pachytene and in diplotene. The population of germ cells is formed by the mitotic division of oogonia in the cow foetuses, mainly at the age of 1.5 to 4 months of development.     

Current problems of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases and standardization of medical immunobiological preparations

The state of immunoprophylaxis in the whole of the USSR and in individual Union Republics in 1981-1982 is ralyzed. The connection between an increase in diphtheria, pertussis and measles morbidity and the widening of the scope of contraindications to vaccination has been revealed. The optimum vaccination tactics in Union Republics with regard to differences in their climatic conditions and demographic situation is planned. The problems of the standardization of prophylactic and therapeutic immunobiological preparations are considered. Organizational measures leading to the improvement of their quality are outlined.     

Some regularities of the regeneration of the musculature of internal organs]

The paper summarizes the data of the author and his co-workers on regulation of the musculature of vessels, digestive tract, uterus, ureters and urinary bladder. The smooth muscle cells have different degrees of differentiation. The muscular tissue of the vessels is most differentiated. The uterus musculature is very plastical. After injury mature myocytes are the first to undergo destruction. The intermedial substance is more stable. Myoblasts, young elements of the fibroblast row and the subendothelial layer cells are the origin of muscular regeneration. Figures of mitosis and amitosis are noted. Mature myocytes and intercellular substance are formed in the process of differentiation of the regeneration. The content of RNP in the regeneration cells is high, but in the process of differentiation of its elements it becomes lower. The DNP level has inconsiderable fluctuations. In early experiments PAS-positive substances are revealed in greater degree than in later ones. The content of acid mucopolysaccharides decreases in the process of fibrillogenesis. In all internal organs under study the muscular tissue regenerated. The degree of differentiation, severity of the lesion and functional peculiarities of the organ determine the completeness of the tissue reparation. The musculature of the intestinal tract and vessels regenerates more completely. Mighty layers of connective tissue with de novo formed blood vessels are disposed among the bundles of the repaired muscular tissue of the uterus and urine bladder wall. Simultaneously a part of regeneration cells are destroyed. These are two sides of a single process of development.     

1590名农村中老年人生存质量调查分析(英文)

目的:采用SF-36量表中文版评价农村中老年人生存质量,并为提高农村中老年人的生存质量和健康水平提供科学依据和建议。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,采用面对面访谈的形式,记分方法参照国际生存质量评价计划(IQOLA)的制定标准,评价其生理和心理健康状况。结果:1590名农村中老年人男性生存质量得分高于女性。经济水平对农村中老年人的生理健康的影响大于对其心理健康的影响。配偶健在的农村中老年人的各维度得分均高于无配偶者。农村中老年人的各维度得分随教育水平的升高呈升高趋势。结论:农村中老年人的生存质量与年龄成负相关,同时也受文化程度和经济水平等多个因素的影响。因而,对农村中老年人这一弱势群体应该给予更多关注。     

Determination of binding constants of lipopolysaccharides of different structure with chitosan

The interaction of endotoxins--lipopolysaccharides (LPS) different in degree of the O-specific chain polymerization--with 20- and 130-kD chitosan was studied using the competitive binding of LPS with the complex of chitosan-anionic dye (tropaeolin 000-2) and the direct binding of (125)I-labeled LPS with chitosan immobilized on Sepharose 4B. The interaction of 20-kD chitosan with LPS was non-cooperative, and immobilization of the polycation on Sepharose resulted in its binding to (125)I-labeled LPS with a positive cooperativity. The interaction of LPS possessing a long O-specific chain with 130-kD chitosan was characterized by negative cooperativity. Binding constants of LPS with the polycation and the number of binding sites per amino group of chitosan were determined. The interaction affinity and stoichiometry of the LPS-chitosan complexes significantly depend on the LPS structure and concentration in the reaction mixture. The increase in the length of carbohydrate chains of LPS results in increase in the binding constants and decrease in the bound endotoxin amount.     

The etiological structure of shigellosis in the former USSR--an indicator of the activity of the main routes of infection transmission]

The data on the etiological structure of Shigella infections in the USSR in 1988-1989 are presented. The study showed the dominating role of S. flexneri with S. sonnei also retaining great importance in Shigella infections. The process of the liquidation of S. dysenteriae and S. boydii infections began in some large cities. The domination of dysentery caused by S. flexneri and a high typhoid rate, particularly in Central Asia, were due to poor water supply of the population. The spread of dysentery caused by S. sonnei was completely independent of the water factor. The decisive role in the transmission of S. sonnei in infective doses was explained by decentralized milk supply.     

Composition of the milt of some teleost fishes

The milt composition of six freshwater teleosts was studied, and the measured parameters showed clear specific differences between species. The highest spermatocrits and sperm densities were observed in perch, Perc afluviatilis , and burbot, Lota lota , and the lowest in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri , and whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus . Fructose concentrations in the seminal plasma were small compared to mammalian values. The glucose concentrations in the seminal plasma were five times higher than those of fructose, and higher in landlocked salmon and rainbow trout than in the other species. The citric acid concentration of all species except whitefish showed a significantly positive correlation to either spermatocrit or sperm density. The role of citric acid in the seminal plasma of fishes was also assumed to be important. The glycerol concentration in the seminal plasma was comparatively high, and highest in whitefish. This was assumed to be related to the high applicability value of glycerol as a cryoprotective agent for whitefish sperm. The high glycerol concentration was also assumed to be related to the lipolytic capacity of the testis in the studied species.     

小菜蛾颗粒体病毒对小菜蛾防治作用的评价

用以作用因子组配的生命表,种群趋势指数和控制指数评价小菜蛾颗粒体病毒对小菜蛾种群动态的作用。结果表明,施用该病毒对小菜蛾种群动态有明显的控制作用,种群趋势指数为０．９７,干扰作用控制指数为０．１９,即施用病毒后,其种群趋势指数相当于对照的０．１９,施用化学杀虫剂的种群趋势指数为７．２０,干扰作用控制指数为１．４３,即种群趋势指数将增长为对照的１．４３倍。     

Study of the structure of amplifying sequence of Streptomyces antibioticus

A low productive laboratory strain of S. antibioticus and a strain with an increased productivity of oleandomycin derived from it were studied comparatively with using restriction analysis and blotting hybridization. Amplification, site specific integration and segregation of the DNA sequence 32.0 kb in size were detected in the strains. The chromosomes of the laboratory strain contained one copy of the amplifying sequence AUD. After uniting of the end sequences AUD appeared to be capable of segregating from the chromosomes and its one copy per five genomes was present in the form of an extrachromosomal genetic element eSA1. The genome of the strain with increased productivity of oleandomycin contained in its chromosomes sequence ADS-Sa1 amplified to 150 copies and the eSA1 extrachromosomal genetic element in the form of mono-, di- and trimeric structures in the quantity of approximately one copy per genome. The BamHIB fragment of the eSA1 DNA 4 kb in size was identified. The fragment was able to participate in segregation or integration of eSA1 from or into the chromosomes since its subfragments were flanking AUD and ADS-SA1 in the chromosomes. The BamHIB fragment was hybridizing with a number of fragments of the chromosomal DNA of S. antibioticus, S. erythraeus. S. lividans and other strains of streptomycetes. It probably contained an IS-like element or a dispersed genetic element of another class. The DNA sequence of the eSA1 genetic element contained regions homologous to the sequence of the Erm E gene in S. erythraeus NRRL 2338.     

基于GIS的稻田蜘蛛混合种群发生分析

在地理信息系统的支持下 ,对中国稻区 117个样点蜘蛛物种数与个体数进行空间插值 ,获得稻田蜘蛛混合种群数量专题地图和个体数量发生专题地图 .根据所得专题地图 ,分析了不同水稻种植区蜘蛛种群发生以及不同稻区的生态特征 .研究结果如下 :在北纬 35 .5°以南的水稻种植区域 ,蜘蛛种群与个体发生量较高 ,种群一般在 13种以上 ,个体数一般在每 10 0丛禾 10 0头以上 ;在北纬 35 .5°以北的水稻种植区域种群一般在 11种以下 ,个体数一般在每 10 0丛禾 47头以下 ;在北纬 35 .5°以南的水稻种植区域的年降雨量、年无霜期和 7月平均温度要高于在北纬 35 .5°以北的水稻种植区域 .在北纬 35 .5°以南的水稻种植区域的年日照时数要低于在北纬 35 .5°以北的水稻种植区域 .