Investigations on fungicides

A number of bis-[(i-formamido-2,2,2-trichloro)ethylamino]-alkanes and their dioxy and dithio analogues were examined for direct and systemic antifungal activity. All compounds showed very low in vitro fungitoxicity and only slight protectant anti-mildew activity when applied as a foliar spray. Certain diamino and dioxy derivatives were, however, systemically active against powdery mildew fungi when applied as a root drench to seedlings of wheat or cucumber; the dithio analogues were inactive. The level of systemic activity shown by these compounds was markedly influenced by the nature of the hydrocarbon ‘bridging’ group.     

Investigations on fungicides

A series of pyrazole derivatives, which are structural analogues of the systemic fungicide, carboxin (5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-i,4-oxathiin-3-carboxani-lide), have been synthesized and their antifungal properties investigated. 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-i-carboxanilides, although active in vitro and in leaf disk tests, showed no systemic antifungal activity. Certain 3,5-dimethylpyra-zole-4-carboxanilides, however, and their corresponding 1 -methyl derivatives, showed good activity in spore germination tests and high activity against wheat and broad bean rusts in vivo. In several instances, systemic antifungal activity was of the same order as that of carboxin, although generally accompanied by higher levels of phytotoxicity. 1 -Phenyl derivatives were essentially inactive. Substitution in the anilide ring by 3-methyl, 2-methyl or 3-chloro groups resulted in enhanced systemic activity, while 4-chloro, 4-ethoxy, 2-nitro and 3,4-dichloro substituents reduced activity.     

Investigations on fungicides

The systemic anti-mildew activity shown by homologous series of alkoxy-, alkylamino- and alkylthio-trichloroethyl formamides when applied to the roots of wheat or cucumber seedlings has been measured. In general the thio compounds were much less active than their oxy and amino analogues. The alkyl grouping giving most activity varied from one series to another and with test method. In cucumber plants the most prolonged protection against mildew was given by the sec-butoxy and sec-butylamino compounds. When inoculated disks of cucumber leaf tissue were floated upon solutions of the compounds, smaller differences in anti-mildew activity were found than when application was made through the roots.     

通过化学结构修饰提高虫草素抗菌活性的试验研究

本文以我国传统药用真菌蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)的主要活性成分虫草素为先导化合物,合成了4个虫草素的正构烷酰胺同系物(Cn-AAC),即N-丙酰基虫草素(C3-AAC)、N-正辛酰胺虫草素(C8-AAC)、N-月桂酰基虫草素(C12-AAC)和N-硬脂酰基虫草素(C18-AAC),并通过抑菌试验对比测定了虫草素和4个Cn-AAC的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。在此基础上,用SPSS10.0对MIC和Cn-AAC烷酰基侧链中碳原子数目(n)之间的关系进行了定量分析。结果表明:通过化学结构修饰的手段将虫草素改变成Cn-AAC同系物后,其抗菌活性会发生有规律的变化。Cn-AAC的MIC和n之间的关系可以用一个一元二次方程进行定量描述,其中抗菌活性最强的为C8-AAC;和虫草素相比,C8-AAC对枯草杆菌的MIC降低5倍,并可对虫草素本身不能产生抗菌活性的金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌产生抗菌活性。