蛋白磷酸酯酶抑制剂冈田酸对人神经母细胞瘤 SK-N-SH细胞系tau蛋白磷酸化水平的影响

观察蛋白磷酸酯酶-1和蛋白磷酸酯酶-2A的抑制剂冈田酸(okadaicacid,OA)对人神经母细胞瘤系SK-N-SH细胞tau蛋白磷酸化水平的变化,确定tau蛋白过度磷酸化细胞模型的合适剂量和时间。用不同剂量OA与SK-N-SH细胞共温育不同时间,用显微镜观察细胞形态变化,用Western印迹法检测磷酸化tau蛋白和非磷酸化tau蛋白在Ser202位点和Ser404位点磷酸化水平的变化。10～160nmol/LOA与SK-N-SH神经细胞温育3～24h,可引起细胞形态损伤呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性的变化,起效剂量和时间为10nmol/L和3h。10nmol/LOA与SK-N-SH细胞温育6～24h,磷酸化tau蛋白Ser199/Ser202位点和Ser404位点的表达明显增高,非磷酸化tau蛋白Ser202位点和Ser404位点的表达明显降低,总tau蛋白含量无明显变化。OA可以作为很好的研究tau蛋白过度磷酸化的工具药,10nmol/LOA与SK-N-SH神经细胞共温育6h可以作为制备细胞模型的适宜条件。     

红花黄色素B对冈田酸致SH-SY5Y神经元损伤的保护作用

本研究目的是考察红花黄色素B(SYB)对冈田酸(OA)致SH-SY5Y神经元损伤的保护作用。采用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化为成熟神经元,OA诱导神经元损伤,建立Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的神经元突触萎缩模型;Giemsa染色法观察SH-SY5Y细胞形态学变化;Western Blot检测Tau蛋白262位点磷酸化水平;流式细胞术检测细胞总活性氧(ROS)和线粒体源ROS水平,以及线粒体膜电位的变化。结果表明,ATRA可诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化为成熟神经元;OA可致神经元突触萎缩和Tau蛋白在262位点过度磷酸化;SYB能够改善OA所致成熟神经元损伤,降低Tau蛋白在262位点的磷酸化水平,其保护作用机制可能与减少胞内及线粒体源ROS产生,提高线粒体膜电位有关。     

IGF-1对冈田酸所致细胞损伤和Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的保护作用

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)对冈田酸(OA)诱导的细胞损伤和tau蛋白过度磷酸化的保护作用。方法:模型组以OA40nmol/L作用于SH-SY5Y细胞24h;IGF-1预处理组分别以100、200和400ng/mlIGF-1预处理2h,再加入OA作用24h。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;MTT法检测细胞活力;Hoechst染色和分光光度法检测Caspase-3活化程度观察细胞损伤;蛋白免疫印迹法检测tau蛋白磷酸化程度。结果:与模型组比较,IGF-1预处理组细胞形态改善,细胞活力增强,Caspase-3活化程度降低,且磷酸化tau蛋白(Ser396)水平下降。结论:IGF-1可能通过抑制tau蛋白过度磷酸化对OA诱导的细胞损伤具有保护作用。     

人脐带间充质干细胞移植对脓毒症小鼠的保护作用研究

为了评价人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,h UCMSCs)移植对脓毒症小鼠的疗效,作者将90只小鼠随机均分为3组:假手术(Sham)组、PBS治疗组和h UC-MSCs治疗组。治疗组小鼠采用盲肠结扎穿孔(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)方式建立脓毒症模型;假手术组小鼠仅开腹探查盲肠,不行CLP。Sham组和PBS治疗组术后3h经尾静脉注射0.2mL PBS,hUC-MSCs治疗组注射等体积的h UC-MSCs悬液(含细胞7.5×10~5/mL)。术后24 h,流式细胞术检测各组小鼠外周血及腹腔灌洗液(peritoneal lavage fl uid,PLF)中的中性粒细胞数量,ELISA检测血清炎症因子水平,生化检验评价肝肾功,HE(hematoxylin and eosin)染色评估肝、肾、肺组织病理变化。观察术后小鼠一般情况,绘制120 h生存曲线。结果显示,hUC-MSCs可以显著改善脓毒症小鼠一般状况,减少中性粒细胞浸润,降低小鼠体内炎症水平,改善器官功能,减轻组织器官损伤,显著提高小鼠存活率。该研究显示了人脐带间充质干细胞移植对脓毒症小鼠的良好保护作用。     

β-淀粉样蛋白寡聚体对人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞Munc-18表达的调节

为了观察阿尔茨海默病(AD)起始因素β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)对Munc-18表达的调节作用,采用Zn^2 诱导制备Aβ寡聚体,分化的人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞经纳摩尔浓度Aβ寡聚体作用后用免疫印迹和流式细胞术的方法检测SH-SY5Y细胞的Munc-18蛋白水平,用MTT法分析纳摩尔浓度Aβ寡聚体的细胞毒性。结果发现,1nmol／L Aβ寡聚体作用1天后,SH—SY5Y细胞的Munc-18蛋白水平明显下调,随后逐渐增加。高浓度的Aβ寡聚体也有相似的作用效应,但抑制Munc-18蛋白表达的效应更明显。另外,相同浓度Aβ单体对Munc-18表达没有明显的影响,纳摩尔浓度的Aβ寡聚体也没有对细胞代谢产生显著的抑制。结果表明,纳摩尔水平Aβ寡聚体对Munc-18的表达有调节作用。     

人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基对缺氧胰岛的保护作用

为了探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, hUC-MSCs)通过旁分泌作用对缺氧胰岛的保护,将新生猪胰岛细胞团(neonatal porcine islet cell clusters, NICCs)分别用人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基(human umbilical cord-derived MSC-conditioned medium, hu-MSC-CM)及常规RPMI1640培养基(对照组)置于20%O_2和1%O_2的环境中培养。通过荧光激活细胞分类器、Seahorse线粒体应激实验检测不同培养基对缺氧NICCs活性、功能的影响,利用Western-blot检测缺氧时NICCs生存相关蛋白质的表达水平。实验结果显示,缺氧时hu-MSC-CM组中NICCs细胞得率、活性及功能较对照组均有明显改善(P0.05);实验组中缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HIF-1α)表达上调,凋亡及自噬相关蛋白质表达下降。实验结果表明间充质干细胞通过旁分泌作用能有效提高缺氧胰岛的活力和功能。     

IL-17对人脐带间充质干细胞体外免疫调节特性的影响

目的:研究白细胞介素17(IL-17)对人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)的免疫调节能力的影响.方法:采用组织块贴壁法从健康足月胎儿脐带中分离培养hUC-MSCs,并对其进行鉴定.然后在培养基中加入不同浓度IL-17,采用EdU细胞增殖法检测hUC-MSCs增殖情况,流式细胞术(FCM)检测hUC-MSCs表面标记...     

PM2.5对阿尔茨海默病的影响及作用机制

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)是一种年龄相关的神经退行性疾病,发病机制尚不明确。多项研究表明,PM_(2.5)可能是增加AD患病风险的潜在因素。PM_(2.5)风险是可预防的,因此阐明PM_(2.5)与AD之间的联系及关键作用机制,对AD的防治具有重要意义。现系统阐述PM_(2.5)与AD发病之间的流行病学及解剖学证据,并总结PM_(2.5)诱发AD的潜在机制,包括血脑屏障通透性改变、神经炎症、Aβ沉积及Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、线粒体功能障碍及氧化应激、神经毒性、表观遗传以及脑-肠轴等,为更好地理解PM_(2.5)与AD之间的关系提供参考。     

rmhTNF-α联合抗IL-6抗体对胃癌SGC-7901细胞杀伤作用的研究

目的：研究rmhTNF-α联合抗IL-6抗体对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的杀伤作用。方法：（1）将已培养的SGC-7901细胞株分为a、b、c、d、e组,a、b、c、d组分别加入浓度为10 ng/ml、20 ng/ml、50 ng/ml、100 ng/ml的rmhTNF-α,e组加入等量PBS。ELISA检测不同时间点SGC7901细胞上清液中IL-6的分泌量,MTT法检测细胞培养24 h、32 h、40 h、48 h的凋亡情况。（2）将SGC-7901细胞分为f、g、h、i组,f组加入rmhTNF-α,浓度分别为10 ng/ml、20 ng/ml、50 ng/ml、100 ng/ml;g组加入不同浓度的rmhTNF-α与浓度为100 ng/ml的IL-6,h、i组加入不同浓度的rmhTNF-α与浓度分别为1：62.5和1：125的抗IL-6抗体。MTT法测细胞培养48 h的凋亡情况。荧光显微镜观察细胞凋亡情况。结果：（1）IL-6分泌五组差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,a、b、c、d组IL-6浓度均高于e组（P〈0.05）,a、b、c组相比各时间点IL-6浓度逐渐升高（P〈0.05）,c、d组差别无统计学意义。（2）细胞存活率a、b、c、d组与e组差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,a、b、c、d组内比较差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,显示杀伤作用40 h后减弱,c、d组差别无统计学意义。（3）细胞存活率f、g组比较差别具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,h、i组与f组差别有意义（P〈0.05）,h、i组比较,i组细胞存活率较低。结论：rmhTNF-α可以促进SGC-7901细胞分泌IL-6;抗IL-6抗体可以增强rmhTNF-α对SGC-7901细胞的杀伤作用。     

Increased levels of tau protein in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and nicotinic agonists

Several cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to interact with an allosteric site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). A possible linkage between the phosphorylation state of tau, the major component of paired helical filaments found in AD brain, and stimulation of nAChRs by cholinesterase inhibitors and nicotinic agonists was investigated. Western blot analysis showed that treatment of SH-SY5Y cells for 72 h with the cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine (10(-5) M), donepezil (10(-5) M), and galanthamine (10(-5) M), nicotine (10(-5) M), and epibatidine (10(-7) M) increased tau levels as detected with Tau-1, AT 8, and AT 270 monoclonal antibodies and binding of [3H]epibatidine. The increase in tau immunoreactivity induced by nicotine, epibatidine, and tacrine, but not the up-regulation of nAChRs, was prevented by the antagonists d-tubocurarine and mecamylamine. Both antagonists were synergistic with the nicotinic agonists in causing up-regulation, but only d-tubocurarine showed a synergistic effect with tacrine. The increased tau immunoreactivity induced by tacrine was not prevented by atropine, indicating that in terms of cholinergic receptors, tacrine modulates tau levels mainly through interactions with nAChRs and not with muscarinic receptors. Additional work is needed to determine the exact mechanism by which cholinesterase inhibitors and nicotinic agonists modulate phosphorylation and levels of tau protein.     

Glycyrrhizic Acid Alleviates 6-Hydroxydopamine and Corticosterone-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells Through Modulating Autophagy

Recent researches have shown that autophagy is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, but there is no paper to investigate the effects of autophagy modulation on Parkinson’s disease depression (PDD). In addition, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the major bioactive ingredient of Radix glycyrrhizae, can induce autophagy and ease rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, there is also no paper to study the action and molecular mechanisms of GA on PDD. In this research, we built the injury model of SH-SY5Y cells through 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and corticosterone (CORT). Then, our results showed that GA markedly increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells after pre-treating with 6-OHDA and CORT. Moreover, GA notably decreased the expressions of α-Syn and p-S1292-LRRK2 proteins, and significantly increased the levels of CREB and BDNF proteins. Previous papers have suggested that CORT contributed to dopaminergic neurodegeneration via the glucocorticoid (GC)/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) interaction, and our results showed that GA reduced GC level and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) activity in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating GR signaling pathway. Furthermore, mechanism investigations also showed that GA had the ability to up-regulate the conversion of LC3B II/I and the expression of Beclin-1, and induce autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells, which were reversed by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Collectively, these findings proved that GA exerted efficient activity against neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells induced by 6-OHDA and CORT via activation of autophagy, which should be developed as an efficient candidate for treating PDD in the future.     

Baicalein attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells

It has been suggested that baicalein, a flavonoid obtained from the Scutellaria root, exerts a protective role on neurons against several neuronal insults. However, the protective mechanisms underlying this protective effect remain largely unknown. Our results indicate that baicalein protects SH-SY5Y cells, a dopaminergic neuronal cell line, from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced damage by the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to determine the effects of baicalein on mitochondrial events, mitochondrial membrane potentials (deltapsim) and caspase cascades downstream of mitochondria were assessed. Baicalein inhibited the collapse of deltapsim, suggesting that baicalein reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with 6-OHDA treatment. Baicalein also inhibited caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, which can be triggered by mitochondrial malfunctions. Furthermore, baicalein induced a significant reduction in the level of phospho-JNK, which is known as an apoptotic mediator in 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death. Our results indicate that baicalein protects neurons from the deleterious effects of 6-OHDA via the attenuation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase activity, and JNK activation.     

HeLa、HEK293、SH-SY5Y细胞中的Tau蛋白

通过间接免疫荧光测定了HeLa、HEK-293、SH-SY5Y细胞内Tau蛋白的分布,观察到在细胞间期单克隆抗体Tau-1的荧光信号分布于细胞质和胞核中．特别是HeLa细胞,其胞核内具有相对较高的Tau蛋白免疫荧光信号．通过分离SH-SY5Y的细胞核,更为清楚地显示了Tau蛋白在细胞核中的分布,并且免疫荧光信号与DNA的Hoechst33258染色信号相重合．Western blotting的测定结果进一步证明了SH-SY5Y细胞的胞质和胞核中均含有Tau蛋白的不同异构体．以上结果提示,Tau蛋白不仅存在于神经、肌肉等细胞内,也存在于肿瘤细胞系,并且分布于间期的胞核中．     

Anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antibody suppresses Castleman's disease like symptoms emerged in IL-6 transgenic mice

Transgenic mice carrying human IL-6 cDNA fused with a murine major histocompatibility class-I promoter (H-2L(d)) were serially administered with anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody (mAb), MR16-1, from the age of 4 weeks to estimate its efficacy on a variety of disorders developed in these mice, most of which are similar to the disorders associated with Castleman's disease. In the control mice treated with isotype-matched mAb, a massive and multiple IgG1 plasmacytosis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, anemia and abnormalities of blood chemical parameters have developed in accordance with the elevation of serum IL-6, and 50% of mice have died of renal failure by 18 weeks of age. In contrast, the treatment with MR16-1 prevented all these symptoms and prolonged the lifetime of the majority of the mice. Thus, the constitutive overexpression of IL-6 caused various disorders, and the treatment with anti-IL-6R mAb completely prevented from these symptoms. These results clearly confirm that IL-6 indeed plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders. Furthermore, anti-IL-6R mAb could provide novel therapy for Castleman's disease and MR16-1 should be a useful tool to estimate therapeutic potential of IL-6 antagonists in a variety of murine models for human disease.     

应用椭偏光学显微成像对IL-6与其受体的相互应用的初步观察

白细胞介素 6 (ＩＬ 6 )是一种具有复杂生物功能的细胞因子 ,可由多种淋巴类和非淋巴类细胞产生。它对机体多种组织及细胞均有不同程度的作用[1～ 3 ] 。近年来发现 ,临床上免疫异常性疾病 ,如发热、淋巴结肿大、血沉增快、急性期蛋白增高、高γ球蛋白血症、自身抗体阳性等症状都与ＩＬ 6的异常表达密切相关。ＩＬ 6的生物活性是通过细胞膜表面特异性受体介导的[4] 。研究ＩＬ 6与其受体的相互作用对于揭示某些疾病的发病机制 ,监测疾病进程以及指导临床治疗等均具有重要意义。用于研究ＩＬ 6与其受体相互作用的方法主要有ＩＬ 6依赖株细胞…     

牛磺酸对四氯化碳诱导的小鼠肝纤维化模型中IL-6影响

目的:观察牛磺酸对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的小鼠肝纤维化模型血清中IL-6的影响。方法:将30只雄性SPF级C57B/L小鼠随机分为空白对照组,模型组和牛磺酸组,每组各10只。空白对照组给予100%花生油1 m L/Kg腹腔注射,每周2次,共10周;模型组给予含20%CCl4的花生油1 m L/Kg腹腔注射,每周2次,共10周;牛磺酸组给予含20%CCl4的花生油1 m L/Kg腹腔注射,每周2次,共10周,并从第3周起给予牛磺酸500 mg/Kg/d灌胃至第10周。在第10周通过摘除眼球取血,检测小鼠血清中的透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、三型前胶原(PCⅢ)、四型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、IL-6的含量;检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;计算肝脏指数;观察小鼠肝脏的HE染色病理组织学改变。结果:模型组与空白对照组相比小鼠血清中HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、ALT、AST和IL-6水平显著升高(P0.05),肝脏组织中SOD和MDA水平显著升高(P0.05),肝脏指数增加(P0.05),病理检查显示肝细胞坏死并出现脂肪空泡、纤维组织增生和炎细胞浸润;牛磺酸组与模型组相比小鼠血清中HA、LN、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、ALT、AST和IL-6的水平显著降低(P0.05),肝脏组织中SOD显著升高(P0.05),MDA水平显著降低(P0.05),肝脏指数降低(P0.05),病理检查显示肝脏组织中无炎性浸润、脂肪空泡和无纤维组织沉积。结论:牛磺酸可以降低肝纤维化小鼠血清中IL-6的含量,减轻CCl4诱导小鼠肝纤维化程度。     

Mechanism of zinc-induced phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

We have previously reported an aberrant accumulation of activated protein kinase B (PKB), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) in neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which these tau candidate kinases are involved in the regulation of p70S6K and GSK-3beta phosphorylation is unknown. In the current study, 100 microM zinc sulfate was used, and influences of various components of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways on p70S6K and GSK-3beta phosphorylation have been investigated in serum-deprived SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that zinc could induce an increase of phosphorylated (p) p70S6K, p-PKB, p-GSK-3beta, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38, especially in long-term treatment (4-8 h). Treatment with different inhibitors including rapamycin, wortmannin, LY294002, and U0126, and their combinations, indicated that phosphorylation of p70S6K and GSK-3beta is regulated by rapamycin-dependent, PI3K and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p70S6K and GSK-3beta affected levels of tau unphosphorylated at the Tau-1 site and phosphorylated at the PHF-1 site, and p70S6K phosphorylation affected the total tau level. Thus, 100 microM zinc might activate PKB, GSK-3beta, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and p70S6K, that are consequently involved in tau changes in SH-SY5Y cells.     

Protective effect of orexin-A on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Pharmacologic treatment of PD can be divided into symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies.