Kazachstania jiainicus sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil in Taiwan

A new ascomycetous yeast species, Kazachstania jiainicus, is proposed based on two strains isolated from soil in Taiwan. The species is characterized by forming one or two globose spores in each ascus, fermenting glucose and galactose and assimilating few carbon and nitrogen compounds. Genus assignment and distinction of the strains from recognized species is based on ascosporulation and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences from domains D1/D2 of the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene. Sequence analysis showed that the species was phylogenetically related to the genus Kazachstania. The species was distinct from recognized species of Kazachstania on the basis of carbon and nitrogen assimilation patterns. Based on the characteristics described above, the species is recognized as a novel species of the genus Kazachstania, and the name Kazachstania jiainicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SF1S05T (=CBS10587T=NBRC 102655T=BCRC 23098T), which was isolated from soil in Jiain, Hualein, Taiwan.     

Three new species of bipolar budding yeasts of the genus Hanseniaspora and its anamorph Kloeckera isolated in Thailand

In the course of a survey of yeast biodiversity in the natural substrates in Thailand, eight strains were found to represent three hitherto undescribed species of Hanseniaspora/Kloeckera . They were isolated from insect frass, flower, lichen, rotted fruit and rotted wood. Based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and sequences of D1/D2 domain, six strains represent a single species of the genus Hanseniaspora , described as Hanseniaspora thailandica sp. nov. (type BCC 14938^T=NBRC 104216^T=CBS 10841^T), and another strain as Hanseniaspora singularis sp. nov. (type BCC 15001^T=NBRC 104214^T=CBS 10840^T). A further strain, which belongs to Kloeckera and does not produce ascospores, is described as Kloeckera hatyaiensis sp. nov. (type BCC 14939^T=NBRC 104215^T=CBS 10842^T). Strains belonging to H. thailandica sp. nov. differed by 17–19 nucleotide substitutions from Hanseniaspora meyeri , the closest species. DNA reassociation between the two taxa showed 30–48% relatedness. Kloeckera hatyaiensis sp. nov. and H. singularis sp. nov. differed by eight and 16 nucleotide substitutions with one gap from the nearest species, Hanseniaspora clermontiae and Hanseniaspora valbyensis , respectively.     

Wickerhamomyces tratensis sp. nov. and Candida namnaoensis sp. nov., two novel ascomycetous yeast species in the Wickerhamomyces clade found in Thailand

Two closely related yeast strains, ST-382 and ST-392, isolated in Thailand showed intermediate relatedness in the DNA-DNA hybridization experiment suggesting that the two strains represent closely related distinct species. In the tree based on the D1/D2 domain sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene, the two strains are located in a subclade in the Wickerhamomyces clade with high bootstrap support. In the D1/D2 domain, the two strains differed by two nucleotides and are assumed to be very closely related. Strain ST-392(T) (=BCC 15102(T) = NBRC 107799(T) = CBS 12176(T) forming hat-shaped ascospores is described as Wickerhamomyces tratensis sp. nov. and strain ST-382(T) (= BCC 15093(T) = NBRC 107800(T) = CBS 12175(T) is described as Candida namnaoensis sp. nov. because ascospores are not found in this strain. In phenotypic characteristics, W. tratensis and C. namnaoensis are discriminated by the ability of alcoholic fermentation and the assimilation of galactose, D-xylose and D-gluconic acid.     

Four novel species of the anamorphic yeast genus Candida found in Thailand and Taiwan

Four strains of yeasts isolated in Thailand and Taiwan were found to represent four distinct novel species of the ascomycetous anamorphic yeast genus Candida. These strains are located in the Clavispora-Metschnikowia clade in a phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 domain sequences of the large subunit rRNA genes. Together with Candida picinguabensis and Candida saopaulonensis, the four novel species constitute a well-separated subclade from other species of the Clavispora-Metschnikowia clade. Three species from Thailand are described as Candida bambusicola sp. nov. (type strain, ST-50(T) = BCC 7750(T) = NBRC 106734(T) = CBS 11723(T)), Candida nongkhaiensis sp. nov. (type strain, ST-95(T) = BCC 8331(T) = NBRC 105874(T) =CBS 11724(T)) and Candida succicola sp. nov. (type strain, ST-631(T) = BCC 15314(T) = NBRC 106736(T) = CBS 11726(T)), respectively, and the species from Taiwan is described as Candida touchengensis sp. nov. (type strain, SY4S03(T) = NBRC 102647(T) = BCRC 23097(T) = CBS 10585(T)).     

Three novel species of the anamorphic yeast genus Candida in the Candida intermedia clade found in Japan, Thailand and Taiwan

Four strains of yeasts isolated in Japan, Thailand and Taiwan were found to represent three novel species of the genus Candida. The three species are located in a clade including Candida tsuchiyae, Candida thailandica and Candida akabanensis in a tree based on the D1/D2 domain sequences of the large subunit rRNA genes but clearly differentiated from these relative species. Three novel species are proposed for these strains, i. e., Candida berkhoutiae sp. nov., for strains ST-49(T) (=BCC 7749(T)=NBRC 106733(T)=CBS 11722(T)) isolated from insect frass in Thailand and SA13S01 (=NBRC 106053) isolated from soil in Taiwan, Candida ezoensis sp. nov., for strain Y07-1601-2(T) (=NBRC 105019(T)=CBS 11753(T)) isolated from forest soil in Japan, and Candida inulinophila sp. nov., for ST-369(T) (=BCC 15081(T)=NBRC 106735(T)=CBS 11725(T)) isolated from an unidentified wild mushroom from Thailand.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kazachstania intestinalis</Emphasis> sp. nov., an ascosporogenous yeast from the gut of passalid beetle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Odontotaenius disjunctus</Emphasis>

Three ascosporogenous yeast strains were isolated from the gut of the passalid beetle, Odontotaenius disjunctus, inhabiting on rotten oak trees. DNA sequence comparison and other taxonomic characteristics identified the strains as a novel species in the genus Kazachstania. The name Kazachstania intestinalis sp. nov. (type strain EH085^T = ATCC MYA-4658^T = CBS 11839^T) is proposed for the strains. The yeast is homothallic, producing persistent asci with 1–4 spheroidal ascospores. Molecular phylogeny from ribosomal RNA gene sequences placed this novel species on the basal lineage of a clade including Kazachstania lodderae, Kazachstania exigua, Kazachstania martiniae, and other related Kazachstania spp., but none of those species was a close sister to K. intestinalis.     

Three anamorphic yeast species Candida sanitii sp. nov., Candida sekii sp. nov. and Candida suwanaritii, three novel yeasts in the Saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand

Nine strains of three novel anamorphic yeast species were obtained from samples collected in Thailand including six strains (RV96, RV152, R14, RS9, RS58 and EA1) obtained from estuarine waters collected from two mangrove forests, one strain (ST84) from insect frass and two strains (SR16 and UB13) from forest soils. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene, the nine strains were found to represent three novel Candida species in the Saturnispora clade. Five strains (RV96, RV152, R14, RS9 and RS58) were assigned as a single novel species, which was named Candida sanitii sp. nov. The type strain is RV152^T (BCC 25967^T=NBRC 103864^T=CBS 10864^T). Strain EA1 was named as Candida suwanaritii sp. nov. The type strain is EA1^T (BCC 29900^T=NBRC 104877^T=CBS 11021^T). Three strains (ST84, SR16 and UB13) represented another novel species, for which Candida sekii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ST84^T (BCC 8320^T=NBRC 105671^T=CBS 10931^T).     

Eleven new species of Sugiyamaella and Candida from forest habitats

Eleven new yeasts from forest habitats are described from nucleotide sequence analysis of the nearly entire large subunit rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene, and the cytochrome oxidase II gene. All are members of the Sugiyamaella clade. Three are heterothallic species of Sugiyamaella and eight species are assigned to Candida. The Sugiyamaella species are: Su. americana sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2067 (CBS 10352), mating type a, and isotype NRRL YB-4197 (CBS 10353), mating type alpha; Su. chiloensis sp. nov., type strain NRRL Y-17646 (CBS 8168), mating type a, and isotype NRRL Y-27101 (CBS 5927), mating type alpha, anamorph Ca. bertae; Su. japonica sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2788 (CBS 10354), diploid, NRRL YB-2764 (CBS 10355), mating type a, and NRRL YB-2799 (CBS 10356), mating type alpha. The Candida species with type strains are: Ca. boreocaroliniensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1835 (CBS 10344), Ca. floridensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-3827 (CBS 10350), Ca. grinbergsii sp. nov. NRRL Y-27117 (CBS 5924), Ca. lignohabitans sp. nov. NRRL YB-1473 (CBS 10342), Ca. marilandica sp. nov. NRRL YB-1847 (CBS 10346), Ca. marionensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1336 (CBS 10341), Ca. neomexicana sp. nov. NRRL YB-2450 (CBS 10349), and Ca. pinicola sp. nov. NRRL YB-2263 (CBS 10348).     

Two new ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species related to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida friedrichii</Emphasis>—<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida jaroonii</Emphasis> sp. nov., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida songkhlaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov.—isolated in Thailand

In a study of yeast diversity in Thailand, eight strains of hitherto undescribed anamorphic yeasts were isolated: four from insect frass, two from Marasmius sp. fruiting bodies, one from a flower, and one from jackfruit exudates. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA nucleotide sequences indicated that the eight strains represented two new species related to Candida friedrichii. Genetic separation of the two new species was further supported by DNA-DNA hybridization analysis, which resulted in between-species similarity values of less than 48%, and by electrophoretic karyotyping. The two new species are C. jaroonii sp. nov. (type strain, ST-300(T) = NBRC 103209(T) = BCC 11783(T) = CBS 10790(T)) and C. songkhlaensis sp. nov. (type strain, ST-328(T) = NBRC 103214(T) = BCC 11804(T) = CBS 10791(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kazachstania wufongensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., an ascosporogenous yeast isolated from soil in Taiwan

A new yeast species, Kazachstania wufongensis, is proposed in this paper based on six strains isolated from soil in Taiwan. The species may produce one to four ellipsoidal ascospores in each ascus, directly transformed from diploid cells. Genus assignment and distinction of the species from other recognized species of Kazachstania is based on morphological and physiological characteristics, and on phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene reveals that K. wufongensis is a member of the Kazachstania exigua complex, and its phylogenetically closest relatives are K. exigua, K. barnettii, K. bulderi, and K. turicensis. The species can be further differentiated from the other phylogenetically related species based on internal transcribed spacer sequence and electrophoretic karyotype. Therefore, the new species Kazachstania wufongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this new species, which was isolated from forest soil in Wufong, Hsinchu, Taiwan, is FN21S03^T (=CBS 10886^T = BCRC 23138^T).     

Kazachstania psychrophila sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic yeast isolated from vacuum-packed beef

Five novel ascosporogenous yeast strains (H382, H396, H409, H433^T and H441) were found through a survey of vacuum-packed beef microbiota. Sequence analysis of ITS domain and LSU rRNA genes showed that the new strains represent a distinct lineage within the genus Kazachstania, closely related to Kazachstania lodderae (97.0 % identity) and Kazachstania ichnusensis (96.1 % identity). The main difference of strains H382, H396, H409, H433^T and H441 to strains of known Kazachstania species is the maximum growth temperature, which is below 20 °C for the new strains, whereas related species grow at 25 °C. Furthermore, the strains differed from known Kazachstania species in assimilation and fermentation patterns of carbon sources. Based on these characteristics, the five strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kazachstania for which the name Kazachstania psychrophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H433^T (DSM 26230^T=CBS 12689^T). The Mycobank number of the type strain is MB 803980.     

Candida potacharoeniae sp. nov. and Candida spenceri sp. nov., two novel galactose-containing ascomycetous anamorphic yeast species isolated in Thailand

Fifteen strains of anamorphic yeasts isolated from various natural substrates collected in various places in Thailand were found to represent two novel species of anamorphic yeast genus Candida based on the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA genes, chemotaxonomic and conventional properties used for the classification of yeasts. These strains are located in the clade including Candida etchellsii and Candida magnoliae. Fourteen strains represented by ST-490(T) (BCC 15176(T)=NBRC 106439(T)= CBS 11674(T)) are closely related to Candida sorbosivorans in the D1/D2 sequences but 11 nucleotides (2.4%) were substituted. The remaining strain, ST-594(T) (=BCC 15278(T)=NBRC 106446(T)=CBS 11673(T)) showed a close relationship to Candida geochares but 21 nucleotides (4.7%) were substituted. Apparently, these strains represent two novel Candida species of the Starmerella clade. The two species are described as Candida potacharoeniae sp. nov. and Candida spenceri sp. nov. in the present paper. Like the most species of this clade, the two species contain galactose in the cells in addition to glucose and mannose and have high mol% G + C of 54.4-55.9 and 54.9, respectively.     

Candida siamensis sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in the Saturnispora clade isolated in Thailand

Three strains of a novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from natural samples collected in Thailand, including strain EF10 isolated from sediment in a mangrove forest, strain ST-473 from rotten wood, and strain ST-479 from a wild mushroom ( Hygrophorus sp.). Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene sequence revealed that the sequence of strain EF10 differed from the other two strains (ST-473 and ST-479), which had identical sequences, by only one nucleotide (nt) substitution in 535 nt. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequence similarity was Saturnispora mendoncae , with 32 nt substitutions and seven gaps in 535 nt. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the three strains form a cluster with S. mendoncae and the other eight species in the Saturnispora clade. Phenotypic characteristics of the three strains were the same including proliferation by multilateral budding, absence of ascospores and negative diazonium blue B and urease reactions. The major ubiquinone was Q-7. On this basis, the three strains were assigned to a single novel species of the genus Candida , for which the name Candida siamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EF10^T (=BCC 29901^T=NBRC 104878^T=CBS 11022^T).     

Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. Pini represents a distinct mating population in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex

Fusarium strains in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex cause diseases on a variety of economically important plants. One of these diseases, pitch canker of Pinus spp., is caused by strains identified as Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini. Fertile crosses were detected between F. subglutinans f. sp. pini strains from South Africa, California, and Florida. F. subglutinans f. sp. pini strains were not cross-fertile with the standard tester strains of six of the seven other mating populations of G. fujikuroi. Sporadic perithecia with ascospores were obtained in two crosses with the mating population B tester strains. These perithecia were homothallic, and the ascospores derived from these perithecia were vegetatively compatible with the mating population B tester strain parent. We concluded that fertile F. subglutinans f. sp. pini isolates represent a new mating population (mating population H) of G. fujikuroi and that they belong to a unique biological species in a distinct taxon.     

Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species

A new yeast species, Vanderwaltozyma verrucispora , is proposed in this study based on two strains isolated from partially decayed leaves in Japan and one strain from soil in Taiwan. The species is characterized by the fermentation of glucose and galactose, formation of one to four spheroidal to ellipsoidal ascospores with warty surfaces in each ascus, and assimilation of a few carbon and nitrogen compounds. Genus assignment and distinction of the species from the other two recognized species of Vanderwaltozyma is based on the morphological and physiological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. From these comparisons, the name V. verrucispora sp. nov. is proposed. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene reveals that the phylogenetically closest relative of V. verrucispora is Vanderwaltozyma yarrowii . The type strain of the new species, which was isolated from a partially decayed leaf in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, is NBRC 1884^T (=CBS 10887^T=BCRC 23141^T).     

Two new anamorphic yeasts, Candida thailandica sp. nov. and Candida lignicola sp. nov., isolated from insect frass in Thailand

Two new yeast strains of the genus Candida were isolated from insect frass collected in Khao-Yai National Park, Nakhonrachasima, Thailand. Based on the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene, these two strains were found to represent two distinct undescribed species and were named Candida thailandica sp. nov. (ST-17 = BCC 7717(T) = NBRC 102562(T)=CBS 10 610) and Candida lignicola sp. nov. (ST-33 = BCC 7733(T) = NBRC 102564(T) = CBS 10612). In the D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene, C. thailandica (GeneBank accession no. AY228491) differs from Candida tsuchiyae, the nearest species, in 66 nucleotide substitutions (10%) and C. lignicola (GeneBank accession no. AY845350) differs from Candida coipomoensis, the nearest species, in nine nucleotides (1.6%). These two new species are clearly distinguished from their closest species by the assimilation of several carbon compounds.     

A new Barnettozyma species forming hat-shaped ascospores isolated from soil in Japan

In the course of a study on yeast diversity in Japan, we isolated 331 yeast strains from natural substrates in Rishiri Island, which belongs to the subarctic zone. Among the isolates from soil, two strains produced hat-shaped ascorspores and showed that reproduction occurred by conjugation of a larger cell and a smaller one. We surveyed strains preserved in our culture collection, NBRC, and found one Barnettozyma strain; thus we examined these three strains. A phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA (D1/D2) shows that these strains are included in the Barnettozyma clade, but clearly separated from the known Barnettozyma and Candida species within the clade. This group is distinguishable from B. vustinii by the ability to assimilate sucrose and maltose, and from B. populi by the ability to ferment glucose and to assimilate L-sorbose, sucrose, maltose, α-methyl-D-glucoside, and salicin. We propose that the group represent a new species, B. sucrosica sp. nov. (NBRC 105021(T)=CBS 11512(T), Mycobank no. MB515733).     

Catching speciation in the act: Metschnikowia bowlesiae sp. nov., a yeast species found in nitidulid beetles of Hawaii and Belize

We describe the species Metschnikowia bowlesiae sp. nov. based on the recovery of six isolates from Hawaii and Belize. The species belongs to the Metschnikowia arizonensis subclade of the large-spored Metschnikowia clade. The isolates are haploid and heterothallic. Both Hawaiian strains had the mating type h ⁺ and the Belizean strains were h ^?. Paraphyletic species structures observed in some ribosomal DNA sequence analyses suggest that M. bowlesiae sp. nov. might represent an intermediate stage in a succession of peripatric speciation events from Metschnikowia dekortorum to Metschnikowia similis and might even hybridize with these species. The type of M. bowlesiae sp. nov. is strain UWOPS 04-243x5 (CBS 12940^T, NRRL Y-63671) and the allotype is strain UWOPS 12-619.1 (CBS 12939^A, NRRL Y-63670).     

Yamadazyma siamensis sp. nov., Yamadazyma phyllophila sp. nov. and Yamadazyma paraphyllophila sp. nov., three novel yeast species isolated from phylloplane in Thailand and Taiwan

Four strains representing three novel anamorphic yeast species were isolated from the external surface of sugarcane leaves (DMKU-RK254^T), corn leaves (DMKU-RK548^T), bean leaves (K129) in Thailand and hengchun pencilwood leaves (TrB1-1^T) in Taiwan. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the actin gene (ACT1) and the elongation factor 2 gene (EF2), the four strains were determined to represent novel Yamadazyma species although formation of ascospores was not observed. Strain DMKU-RK254^T was determined to be related to Candida diddensiae, Candida naeodendra and Candida kanchanaburiensis but with 1.8, 1.8 and 2.0 % nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene, respectively. It was assigned to Yamadazyma siamensis sp. nov. (type strain DMKU-RK254^T = BCC 50730^T = NBRC 108901^T = CBS 12573^T). The sequences of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene, the ITS region, ACT1 gene and EF2 gene of two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) were identical but differed from that of strain TrB1-1^T by 0.6, 1.0, 3.3 and 5.9 % nucleotide substitutions, respectively. Therefore, the two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) and strain TrB1-1^T were assigned to be two separate species. The closest species in terms of pairwise sequences similarity of the D1/D2 region to the two novel species was Yamadazyma philogaea but with 1.1–1.7 % nucleotide substitutions. The two strains (DMKU-RK548^T and K129) were assigned to Yamadazyma phyllophila sp. nov. (type strain DMKU-RK548^T = BCC 50736^T = NBRC 108906^T = CBS 12572^T) and the strain TrB1-1^T was named Yamadazyma paraphyllophila sp. nov. (type strain TrB1-1^T = BCRC 23030^T = CCTCC AY 204005^T = CBS 9928^T).     

Four new species of Chryseobacterium from the rhizosphere of coastal sand dune plants, Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov., Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov., Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov.

The taxonomic positions of five Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of sand dune plants were examined using a polyphasic approach. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that all of the isolates fell into four distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of isolates to mostly related type strains of Chryseobacterium ranged from 97.5% to 98.5%. All strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and a summed feature of iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c as the dominant fatty acids. Combined phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported that they represented four novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the names Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov. (type strain RHA2-9^T=KCTC 22545^T=NBRC 105253^T), Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov. (type strain RHA3-1^T=KCTC 22547^T=NBRC 105251^T), Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. (type strain RBA2-6^T=KCTC 22544^T=NBRC 105250^T), and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain RSB3-1^T=KCTC 22548^T=NBRC 105248^T) are proposed.