甲3型流感病毒M2基因在痘苗病毒天坛株中的表达

为获得表达甲3型流感病毒(H3N2)M2蛋白的重组天坛株痘苗病毒RVJ1175M2,使用PCR方法扩增流感病毒全长M2基因,将其克隆到天坛株痘苗病毒同源重组质粒pJSC1175中,获得重组质粒pJSC1175M2,通过与痘苗病毒载体同源重组,构建了含流感病毒M2基因的重组痘苗病毒株RVJ1175M2。PCR检测结果证明,流感病毒(H3N2)M2蛋白基因准确插入到天坛株痘苗病毒TK区;Western blot、免疫荧光和流式细胞计数表明重组病毒RVJ1175M2可以有效地表达M2蛋白,表达的M2蛋白有两条带,分别为15kD和13kD,与相关文献报道一致;M2蛋白可有效分布在感染细胞的细胞膜上。这些结果表明重组痘苗病毒株RVJ1175M2可以有效地表达流感病毒M2蛋白,为使用表达M2蛋白的不同类型疫苗进行广谱流感疫苗效果的比较研究奠定了基础。     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE/L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv-DLVenv和rvv-LNenv,Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28%.本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础.     

表达人乳头瘤病毒58型L1、L2壳蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒疫苗株的构建

采用PCR定点突变方法,对HPV581L1基因中痘苗病毒早期基因转录终止信号TTTTTNT结构进行修饰,并保留氨基酸不变.选用非复制型重组痘苗病毒为载体,将修饰的L1基因1.5kb和L2基因1.4kb分别插入痘苗病毒表达载体pJSD的7.5k和H6早期启动子之后,使之与非复制型重组痘苗病毒在TK区重组.经单斑筛选纯化,获得共表达HPV58L1、L2晚期蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒疫苗实验株.该病毒在CEF细胞上连续传至第15代,经斑点杂交分析,重组痘苗病毒基因组中有L1和L2基因插入;经Western blot检测,重组病毒能稳定表达HPV581L1及L2蛋白.此结果为HPV58型非复制型重组痘苗病毒疫苗人用株的研究打下了基础.     

表达EB病毒主要膜蛋白gp350／220的非复制型重组痘苗病毒的构建

利用非复制痘苗病毒质粒载体pNEOCK11β75及pNEOCK,改造了表达EB病毒主要膜蛋白gp350/22的复制型重组痘苗病毒VMA,构建了非复制型重组痘苗病毒VMA△CK。该病毒能在鸡胚原代成纤维细胞（CEF）中正常繁殖,而在人源细胞中不能正常繁殖。在CEF中连续传代至第25代,经PCR证明,该病毒符合非复制型重组痘苗病毒的特征。经免疫荧光及免疫酶斑法证实,VMA△CK可稳定表达gp350/220,且表达水平与VAM无明显差异。VMA△CK经腹腔免疫Balb/C小鼠,4周后能诱生一定水平的抗gp350/220特异性抗体,加强免疫2周后该抗体水平明显升高。这一结果类似于VMA免疫Balb/C小鼠的结果,初免后,VMA△CK且抗痘苗抗体水平明显低于VMA免疫组;加强免疫2周后,两组小鼠的抗痘苗抗体水平趋于一致。上述结果证明,所构建的非复制痘苗病毒不影响目的抗原的表达,也不影响该抗原的免疫原性,但导致病毒毒力下降,而且用该病毒免疫小鼠后小鼠抗痘苗病毒载体的免疫反应明显下降。     

表达HIV-I CN54株gagpol基因重组痘苗病毒疫苗株的构建

为研制不带筛选标记的HIV活载体疫苗,首先构建含有neo基因和lacZ基因双重筛选标记的pVI75转移质粒,并将HIV-I中国主要流行株B'/C重组株CN54 gagpol基因置于pVI75的启动子pE/L下,构建重组质粒pVI75-Gagpol.重组质粒与痘苗病毒天坛株共转染鸡胚细胞.前三轮通过G418加压,噬斑纯化,得到既含目的基因又含筛选标记的蓝色重组痘苗病毒;后三轮在无G418选择压力下,筛选只含目的基因而缺失了筛选标记的白色重组痘苗病毒.结果表明筛选到了一株重组病毒,经PCR和Dot blot检测确认该株重组痘苗病毒的neo基因和lacZ基因已丢失;PCR鉴定表明目的基因已插入重组痘苗病毒中;抗体染色和Western blot结果证实该重组病毒能很好地表达目的蛋白.     

EIAV env基因在痘苗病毒中的表达及其免疫效果的观察

将马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗及其亲本株env基因克隆到痘苗病毒表达载体pSC65的pE／L启动子下游,通过同源重组插入到痘苗病毒天坛株基因组TK区,经蓝白斑筛选获得重组痘苗病毒rvv—DINenv和rvv—LNenv,Westem blot检测目的蛋白的表达,结果表明重组痘苗病毒能够有效表达完整的EIAV Env蛋白,其肌肉接种免疫小鼠后,表达的目的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够诱导机体产生有效的体液和细胞免疫应答,其中以细胞免疫效果更为显著,CTL特异性裂解最高可达28％。本研究为EIAV基因工程疫苗的开发研制奠定了基础。     

表达HPV16E6和E7蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒的构建

为研制HPV16的治疗性疫苗,首先将表达质粒pJSA1175与非复制型痘苗病毒NTVJTK+进行同源重组,构建了痘苗重组病毒NTVJLac.再将表达质粒pJSDME6E7R与NTVJLac进行同源重组,构建了表达HPV16 E6和E7蛋白的非复制型重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7,并对获得的重组病毒进行了鉴定.Southern杂交显示,重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7基因组中有E6和E7基因插入.该重组病毒在人源细胞中不复制.Western blot显示,重组病毒在人源TK-143细胞中能表达E6和E7蛋白.非复制型重组痘苗病毒NTVJmE6E7可作为HPV16相关肿瘤及其癌前病变免疫治疗的实验性疫苗株.     

表达HIV-I CN54株gagpol基因重组痘苗病毒疫苗株的构建

为研制不带筛选标记的HIV活载体疫苗,首先构建含有neo基因和lacZ基因双重筛选标记的pV175转移质粒,并将HIV—I中国主要流行株B’／C重组株CN54 gagpol基因置于pV175的启动子pE／L下,构建重组质粒pVl75—Gagpol。重组质粒与痘苗病毒天坛株共转染鸡胚细胞。前三轮通过G418加压,噬斑纯化,得到既含目的基因又含筛选标记的蓝色重组痘苗病毒;后三轮在无G418选择压力下,筛选只含目的基因而缺失了筛选标记的白色重组痘苗病毒。结果表明筛选到了一株重组病毒,经PCR和Dot blot检测确认该株重组痘苗病毒的neo基因和lacZ基因已丢失;PCR鉴定表明目的基因已插入重组痘苗病毒中;抗体染色和Westem blot结果证实该重组病毒能很好地表达目的蛋白。     

适用于疫苗株筛选的痘苗病毒载体的构建

为构建适用于疫苗株筛选的痘苗病毒载体,利用标记瞬时稳定的原理,在痘苗病毒单选择标记载体psc65的基础上,构建成带有neo和LacZ双选择标记的痘苗病毒载体pVI75.为检验载体pVI75的有效性,将HIV-1合成基因syngpnef插入到载体pVI75上,构建成转移质粒pVI75-syngpnef,并与天坛株752-1痘苗病毒共转染CEF细胞.筛选得到的重组病毒经PCR和Dot blot检验表明,标记基因已被删除,而目的基因被整合到痘苗病毒基因组上.Westem blot检测结果表明,目的基因的表达正确.痘苗病毒载体pVI75的构建使得疫苗株筛选的工作量大为降低,时间大大缩短,为利用痘苗病毒载体构建重组病毒疫苗株的研究提供了参考.     

非复制重组痘苗病毒表达人免疫缺陷病毒Bostwana C亚型Nef蛋白及免疫效果的观察

从含人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)Bostwana C亚型全基因的质粒pJM4-HIV中克隆了nef基因,并利用非复制型痘苗病毒载体构建表达Nef蛋白的重组病毒NTVJ1175nef,经PCR和Southern blot鉴定,nef基因正确整合到痘苗病毒基因组的J片段上;感染人源细胞后,经Western blot和免疫荧光检测表明,重组病毒能很好地表达Nef蛋白,并定位于细胞质中.NTVJ1175nef免疫BALB/c小鼠后,经Pep-IFN-'γ-Assay法检测,可诱导产生针对表位肽P1特异的可分泌IFN-'γ的C 8 T细胞(占脾细胞总数0.20%);经乳酸脱氮酶(LDH)法检测证实,诱导的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)可特异性地杀伤表位肽P1特异P815靶细胞.这些结果表明,NTVJ1175nef具有良好的细胞免疫原性,为下一步构建表达包含HIV早期抗原的多组分重组痘苗病毒候选疫苗奠定了免疫学基础.     

埃博拉病毒蛋白研究进展

埃博拉病毒蛋白GP和VP30是病毒重要的转录因子。从分子生物学和免疫学的角度介绍埃博拉病毒蛋白 ,着重介绍GP和VP30蛋白的结构及其在病毒转录过程中的作用机制 ,并对其在基因载体上的应用作出展望。     

Precursor Protein for Newcastle Disease Virus

The course of viral protein synthesis during infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) L. Kansas has been followed by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the three major virion polypeptide molecular weight classes, I (78,400 daltons), II (53,500 daltons), and III (37,600 daltons), only II, having the same electrophoretic mobility as nucleocapsid polypeptide, appears to be the cleavage product of a precursor polypeptide PII (64,800 daltons) detected in NDV-infected cells after brief labeling with radioactive amino acids. Nucleocapsids were isolated from NDV-infected cells which had been pulse-labeled with radioactive amino acids or pulse-labeled and further incubated with unlabeled amino acids. Gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins derived from nucleocapsids showed that an increase in the period of incubation with unlabeled amino acids resulted in an increase in the amount of radioactivity in nucleocapsid protein. Polypeptide PII was not detected as a transient component of the isolated nucleocapsid fraction. These results are consistent with two interpretations. The product of PII cleavage is (i) nucleocapsid polypeptide, or (ii) a nonvirion or minor envelope polypeptide having the same electrophoretic mobility as nucleocapsid polypeptide.     

蛋白质起始的DNA病毒复制机制

DNA聚合酶在DNA合成过程中需要的引物包括RNA引物、DNA自我引物和蛋白质引物3种类型。新DNA链(如冈崎片段)的复制多是在DNA模板上合成一段RNA引物,细小病毒利用其基因组末端的反向末端重复序列(ITRs)自我折叠成DNA引物,而一些DNA、RNA病毒及真菌质粒起始复制反应的引物则是蛋白质。以感染原核生物的噬菌体Phi29和真核DNA病毒腺病毒为例,从复制过程所涉及的蛋白质、对复制原点的识别、复制起始反应、新链的延伸、复制终止过程等方面详细阐述DNA病毒由蛋白质引发的复制机制,并对已商品化的Phi29 DNA聚合酶产品多重置换扩增及单细胞测序等的应用以及基于噬菌体Phi29蛋白质起始的最小复制系统体外扩增异源DNA等最新的应用研究作相关总结介绍。     

Comparison of Membrane Protein Glycopeptides of Sindbis Virus and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

A comparison has been made of the membrane glycoproteins and glycopeptides from two enveloped viruses, Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Glycopeptides isolated from Sindbis virus and VSV grown in the same host appear to differ principally in the number of sialic acid residues per glycopeptide; when sialic acid is removed by mild acid treatment, the glycopeptides of the two viral proteins are indistinguishable by exclusion chromatography. Preliminary evidence argues that the carbohydrate moiety covalently bound to different virus-specified membrane proteins may be specified principally by the host.     

Nucleocapsid Protein Subunits of Simian Virus 5, Newcastle Disease Virus, and Sendai Virus

Helical nucleocapsids of each of the paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 (SV5), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Sendai virus have been isolated in two different forms. One form contains larger protein subunits and is obtained from mature virions or infected cells dispersed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The other form possesses smaller subunits and is obtained from infected cells dispersed by trypsin. The estimated molecular weights of the larger subunits in the three viruses are similar: SV5, 61,000; Sendai virus, 60,000; NDV, 56,000. The smaller nucleocapsid subunits are also very similar: SV5, 43,000; Sendai virus, 46,000; NDV, 47,000. The helical nucleocapsid composed of the smaller subunit appears to be less flexible and more stable than that formed by the larger subunit. There is suggestive evidence that conversion of the larger subunit to the smaller by proteolytic cleavage may occur intracellularly. The possibility that such a mechanism could be involved in the accumulation of nucleocapsid in cells persistently infected with paramyxoviruses is discussed.     

Properties of the Adeno-Associated Virus Assembly-Activating Protein

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid assembly requires expression of the assembly-activating protein (AAP) together with capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3. AAP is encoded by an alternative open reading frame of the cap gene. Sequence analysis and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that AAP contains two hydrophobic domains in the N-terminal part of the molecule that are essential for its assembly-promoting activity. Mutation of these sequences reduced the interaction of AAP with the capsid proteins. Deletions and a point mutation in the capsid protein C terminus also abolished capsid assembly and strongly reduced the interaction with AAP. Interpretation of these observations on a structural basis suggests an interaction of AAP with the VP C terminus, which forms the capsid protein interface at the 2-fold symmetry axis. This interpretation is supported by a decrease in the interaction of monoclonal antibody B1 with VP3 under nondenaturing conditions in the presence of AAP, indicative of steric hindrance of B1 binding to its C-terminal epitope by AAP. In addition, AAP forms high-molecular-weight oligomers and changes the conformation of nonassembled VP molecules as detected by conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibodies A20 and C37. Combined, these observations suggest a possible scaffolding activity of AAP in the AAV capsid assembly reaction.     

黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）运动蛋白基因介导的抗病性

利用Ｆｎｙ＿ＣＭＶ株系ＲＮＡ３ｃＤＮＡ克隆,构建了含有全长和编码区缺失５０１个核苷酸的运动蛋白（ＭＰ）基因植物表达载体ｐＢＭＰＲ和ｐＢＭＰＫ。在土壤农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（ＳｍｉｔｈｅｔＴｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）ＬＢＡ４４０４介导下转化烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．）品种“ＮＣ８９”,分别经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ、ＲＴ＿ＰＣＲ或Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ分析,外源基因已整合到再生植株中并得到表达。抗病性分析表明,含有缺失型ＭＰ基因的Ｒ０代转基因植株抗性较好,接种５０ｄ后,１０株转化植株中仍有５株不表现症状。在自然发病条件下,这５个含有缺失型ＭＰ基因转基因株系在Ｒ１代都表现了一定的抗病性。抗性主要表现为症状出现推迟,严重度减轻。利用ＰＣＲ筛选、种子卡那霉素抗性试验和温室抗病性测定等方法,初步认为Ｒ２代转基因烟草Ｋ＿６＿５株系为转基因抗病纯合系。而含有全长ＭＰ基因的Ｒ０代转化植株,前期没有表现明显的抗病性,但在接种４０ｄ后部分发病植株有恢复健康的趋势。     

Virus Movement Protein Gene Mediated Resistance Against Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabactum L. ) "NC89" plants were transformed with deletion mutant of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) movement protein (MP) gene and full-length CMV MP gene, respectively. The transformed plants were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-Southem, Southern and Western blots. R0 generation of the transgenic plants were inoculated with CMV. Five out of 10 lines of tobacco plants (BMPK) transformed with CMV MP deletion mutant gene showed high resistance to CMV infection and remained symptomless for up to 50 days post-inoculation. In contrast, tobacco plants (BMPR) transformed with full-length CMV MP gene did not show resistance to CMV infection. However, most of the infected full-length CMV MP gene transgenic plants recovered by showing none or very mild mosaic symptoms in 40 days post-inoculation. The results of R1 generation of the BMPK transgenic plants tested under field conditions showed that all 5 lines of transgenic plants could delay the virus disease development.     

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HBx):一种多功能的病毒调节因子

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的慢性感染是导致肝细胞癌(HCC)的主要危险因子。X蛋白(HBx)被认为在肝细胞癌的发生发展中起重要作用。X基因是HBV基因组最小的开放读码框,它编码的X蛋白含154个氨基酸,分子量约为16．5kD。HBx是一种多功能的病毒调节因子,通过调节细胞和病毒的转录活性、信号传导途径、基因毒性压力反应、蛋白质降解等,直接或间接地影响HBV的复制和增殖。HBx亦可影响细胞周期调控、细胞凋亡,从而可能在慢性活动性肝炎和肝硬化的病程中起到起始肿瘤形成的作用。