固相萃取-LC/MS分析尿液中丁丙诺啡

目的:建立固相萃取-LC/MS分析尿液中丁丙诺啡方法。方法:在含有丁丙诺啡的尿液中,加入β-葡萄糖醛酸酶溶液,50℃水解2小时,加入内标奋乃静,加pH10.8缓冲溶液,用401有机担体作吸附剂,用三氯甲烷作洗脱剂固相萃取,洗脱液于50℃水浴中氮气流下吹干,残余物用流动相溶解后LC-MS分析。结果:方法的线性范围为0.2～100.0μg·L~(-1),检出限为0.1μg·L~(-1)。结论:该方法灵敏度高,可用于涉毒案件尿液中丁丙诺啡的分析。     

白花泡桐优树组织培养及产业化快繁技术

以自选育的白花泡桐优树茎段为外植体,进行种苗组培快繁技术研究。结果表明:其最佳的外植体灭菌方法是以0.1%升汞处理7 min;合适的初代诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8),培养30 d,芽诱导率70%;合适的继代增殖方法为在高浓度植物生长物质培养基MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8)和低浓度植物生长物质培养基MS+6-BA 0.4 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.04 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8)中交替培养,获得的丛生芽长势良好,玻璃化率低于5%,增殖系数大于6.0/25 d;最适的生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.2 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1)+卡拉胶3.4 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8),培养14 d,得到白花泡桐生根苗,每株长根5~10条,根长3~5 cm,生根率98%,根系洁白、根毛少而短,易于清洗。将生根苗按照常规方法炼苗后移栽于温室大棚中,50 d后即可出圃,此时平均苗高1.0 m、地径1.0~2.0 cm,成活率在90%以上。     

凤蝶兰的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称凤蝶兰[Papilionanthe teres(Roxb.) Schltr.]。2材料类别种子。3培养条件种子萌发培养基:(1)MS:(2)MS 0.1%活性炭:(3)MS 椰子水100mL·L~(-1)(单位下同);(4)1/2MS:(5)1/2MS 0.1%活性炭;(6)1/2 MS 椰子水100:(7)1/2MS 0.2mg·L~(-1)NAA。以上培养基均添加7g·L~(-1)琼脂粉和30g·L~(-1)蔗糖,pH 5.8,在121℃下高压灭菌20min。培养温度为(25 2)℃,光照12h·d~(-1),光照度50μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。     

牛角瓜离体快繁技术

该文选用牛角瓜茎段为外植体,通过组织培养方法探索牛角瓜组织培养和种苗快繁技术。结果表明:最佳外植体表面消毒方法是以0.1%HgCl_2处理7 min,外植体存活率为32.3%;初代培养基为MS+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),培养20 d后形成3～4 cm高的再生芽。增殖培养前期筛选的较为适宜的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.05 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),增殖系数4.6。但在后续的培养过程中发现,牛角瓜组培苗易玻璃化,且随着世代更迭,玻璃化程度加重,到了第四代几乎全部玻璃化。因此在上述增殖培养的基础上,以AgNO_3作为玻璃化抑制剂,筛选出最终的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.5 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.05 mg·L~(-1)+AgNO_31.0 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1)。用此增殖培养基,培养25 d,苗高5～8 cm,增殖系数5.8,玻璃化率低于10%,且连续培养多代,玻璃化率维持在10%以下。生根壮苗培养基为1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.6 g·L~(-1),培养14 d,生根率98%;将生根苗移栽于70%遮阴度的大棚中,30 d后,苗高20 cm左右,成活率85%。利用该方法可对牛角瓜优良种苗进行规模化生产。     

叶下珠组培快繁体系研究

以叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria带节茎段为外植体,研究生长调节剂浓度、培养基对茎段诱导芽的影响,再以叶下珠无菌芽为材料,开展丛生芽增殖培养、生根培养和炼苗移栽技术研究。结果表明,适合叶下珠茎段诱导芽的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)+活性炭0.5 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),诱导率达100%;适合叶下珠芽增殖的培养基为1/2MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖30 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),平均增殖倍数为3.8;生根适宜培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1)+琼脂7.5 g·L~(-1)+蔗糖20 g·L~(-1)(pH 5.8~6.0),生根率达100%;最佳炼苗时间为闭盖2 d后开盖3 d,移栽成活率86.6%。     

褐纹报春苣苔组织培养与快速繁殖

褐纹报春苣苔(Primulina glandaceistriata)是一种极具观赏价值的喀斯特地区野生花卉,目前尚未有褐纹报春苣苔组培快繁的研究报道。该研究以褐纹报春苣苔的叶片为外植体,通过两种途径建立其组培快繁体系。结果表明:适宜的不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1),适宜的不定芽增殖培养基为MS+ZT 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1),增殖系数为11.09;适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+TDZ 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10 mg·L~(-1),适宜的愈伤组织分化培养基为MS+ZT 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.10mg·L~(-1),分化系数为12.46;适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.1 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1)或1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.05 g·L~(-1),生根率为100%。该研究结果成功建立了褐纹报春苣苔的组培快繁体系,为今后褐纹报春苣苔的种苗繁殖和遗传转化提供了技术支持。     

观赏用的红肉苹果的组织培养

1植物名称红肉苹果[Malus pumila var.niedzwet- zkyana(Dieck)Schneid]。2材料类别春梢幼嫩茎段。3培养条件MS为基本培养基,(1)芽诱导培养基:MS 6-BA 0.2mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) NAA 0.2;(2)芽增殖培养基:MS 6-BA 0.5 NAA 0.5:(3)生根培养基:1/2MS IBA 0.1 NAA 0.1。以上培养基中均加入5.5 g·L~(-1)琼脂粉和30g·L~(-1)蔗糖,pH 5.8;     

芦竹的组培快繁技术研究

该研究以从匈牙利引进的良种芦竹带腋芽茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过设计不同的生长调节剂配比,对芦竹腋芽诱导、继代增殖及生根培养基进行了研究。结果表明:良种芦竹初代诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),萌发率为90.0%;继代增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 8.0 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.8 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖30.0 g·L~(-1)+琼脂3.5 g·L~(-1),芽健壮均匀,增殖系数为4.3/30 d,基部保留3~5个芽作为继代培养物增殖效果最佳;选择高度5.0 cm以上的植株进行生根,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖20.0 g·L~(-1)+活性碳1.0 g·L~(-1),不添加琼脂,培养1周生根率为100.0%,平均生根4条,根长2.0~4.0 cm;将所得生根苗炼苗1周,以河沙、黄泥或腐质土作为栽培基质,移栽于阴蔽度70的大棚中,1个月后移栽成活率≥98.0%;移栽于实验田中,按常规方式进行管理,当年亩产量约为5 500.0 kg。该研究结果为良种芦竹的大规模产业化应用提供了技术支撑。     

红花草莓的组织培养与快繁技术研究

以红花草莓叶片为外植体,通过筛选诱导愈伤组织、不定芽及壮苗、生根的培养基,建立一套实用且易推广的红花草莓组培快繁技术体系。结果表明:在愈伤组织的诱导过程中TDZ的诱导效果优于6-BA,TDZ与NAA配合使用效果优于与IBA的组合。6-BA浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时不定芽诱导率高达86.6%。低浓度的6-BA和8 g·L~(-1)的琼脂更有利于壮苗培养,NAA比IBA更有利诱导生根。综上述,最适红花草莓愈伤组织的诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)TDZ+0.5 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+7 g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适不定芽分化的培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+7 g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适壮苗培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+8g·L~(-1)琼脂;最适生根培养基为MS+0.5mg·L~(-1)NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+8 g·L~(-1)琼脂。试管苗移栽生长20 d后,成活率高达93%,且后期草莓苗生长壮健。此体系的建立为优质红花草莓种苗大规模生产提供了科学依据和技术支持。     

NAA与6-BA对黑金丝柚木组织培养的影响

通过对黑金丝柚木Tecton grandis带潜伏芽茎段的组织培养,研究不同浓度配比6-BA和NAA对组培苗生长的影响。结果表明,黑金丝柚木不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+0.3 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.6 mg·L~(-1) NAA+30g·L~(-1)蔗糖+12 g·L~(-1)琼脂;生根适宜培养基为MS+0.8 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+12 g·L~(-1)琼脂;继代培养的最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) 6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA+30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+12 g·L~(-1)琼脂。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.