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1.
豆制品废水的处理是豆制品厂的一个重要环节。利用黑曲霉在培养过程中形成的菌丝球处理豆制品废水具有安全性好、菌体回收简单、成本低等优点。本实验中以察氏培养基为基础研究了黑曲霉菌丝球的形成条件,并评价了对豆制品废水的处理效果。结果表明在黑曲霉孢子浓度为7.23×10~3/L~8.68×10~6/L、初始pH 3.5~pH 7.5、葡萄糖浓度为0 g/L~30 g/L的条件下都可以形成茵丝球。在豆制品废水中黑曲霉孢子浓度为1.45×10~4/L~7.23×10~5/L、pH 3.7~pH 6.6均可以形成茵丝球,而且在初始pH 5.6时经过72 h的培养豆制品废水变得澄清,COD下降了56.34%。本研究表明利用黑曲霉在豆制品废水中形成菌丝球的方式是一种有潜力的处理方式。 相似文献
2.
采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法及DPPH自由基清除法,对产自鄂西北的野生植物苍耳子粗提物体外抑菌活性及抗氧化性进行了初步测定.结果表明,苍耳子甲醇粗提物对绿色木霉、黄瓜灰霉菌、黑曲霉、终极腐霉、尖镰孢菌黄瓜专化型五种病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中无论是抑制菌丝生长还是孢子萌发,均对黑曲霉显示出了显著的抑制活性.实验结果也... 相似文献
3.
利用黑曲霉菌丝球处理豆制品废水的优点是黑曲霉安全性好、茵丝球易收获、利于降低成本且可以减少传统处理方式所产生的污泥量.在前期研究的基础之上,在搅拌式发酵罐中考察了黑曲霉菌丝球降低豆制品废水化学需氧量(COD)的条件.研究结果表明,当豆制品废水初始COD在2×103 mg/L,黑曲霉孢子浓度为1.44×103/L时,黑曲霉的茵丝能够在搅拌式发酵罐中形成形态均一的菌丝球,同时可将废水的COD降至842 mg/L,COD去除率达55.7%.该研究结果为在搅拌式发酵罐中利用黑曲霉菌丝球处理豆制品废水提供了参考依据. 相似文献
4.
【背景】黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)作为一种代表性丝状真菌已被广泛用于酶制剂、有机酸、抗生素等高价值代谢产物的工业生产、食品发酵、环境治理等行业,其代谢能力、发酵性能等与菌体形态密切相关。然而,黑曲霉对染料、重金属等的吸附能力与菌体形态的关系鲜有报道。【目的】探究黑曲霉菌丝球形成的影响因素及其对结晶紫的吸附作用。【方法】以从普洱茶分离的黑曲霉RAF106为研究对象,实时监测马铃薯葡萄糖培养液中黑曲霉菌丝球的形成过程;探究培养液的初始pH (4.0-10.0)、培养温度(25-45°C)、孢子接种量(5×104-5×106个/m L)、摇床转速(140-220 r/min)、碳源(葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、醋酸钠)和氮源(硝酸钠、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取粉、氯化铵)对菌丝球形成的影响;以结晶紫为对象,研究不同菌体形态及菌丝球大小对黑曲霉吸附废水染料能力的影响。【结果】在黑曲霉RAF106中,孢子聚集、菌丝聚集均可形成菌丝球;菌丝球的大小与培养液初始p H、孢子接种量成反比,与摇床转速无关;当温度低于35°C时,菌丝球大小与温度成正比,... 相似文献
5.
目的:探索低功率He-Ne激光对柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉诱变育种的简易方法。方法:应用带扩束镜的低功率He-Ne激光装置,在无菌条件下对柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉的单孢子膜进行不同时间的垂直照射,无菌水洗脱,指示性平板筛选,液体培养,测定黑曲霉诱变菌株的柠檬酸产量。结果:不同时间的激光照射黑曲霉单孢子,其存活率与激光照射时间没有线性关系。激光照射6min,黑曲霉M2代产酸的正变率高达37.5%,而此时的存活率也高达40.0%。获得了黑曲霉柠檬酸产酸率提高了10%的突变菌株,为黑曲霉的遗传育种提供了材料。结论:这种方法便于在无菌条件下操作,保证了激光照射黑曲霉单孢子的均匀性,是一种简便易行的微生物诱变育种方法。 相似文献
6.
对黑曲霉NL02与里氏木霉RUT-C30固态混合发酵产β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵培养基进行优化,研究培养基含水率、C源、N源、接种量、温度和2种菌种不同延长接种时间与接种比例对β-葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响。研究表明:麸皮17.5 g、玉米芯7.5 g、(NH4)2SO4 0.40 g、尿素0.37 g、黑曲霉孢子接入量为107个接种到250 mL三角瓶中,温度30 ℃、摇床转速100 r/min时,里氏木霉以105个孢子与黑曲霉同时接入,每克干曲所得β-葡萄糖苷酶的活力为132.45 IU,较黑曲霉单独培养时的104.35 IU提高了26.94%。 相似文献
7.
鼎湖山黄果厚壳桂粗死木质残体的分解 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过建立时间序列法、测定粗死木质残体的密度变化,研究鼎湖山黄果厚壳桂粗死木质残体三个直径(5~10cm、10~20cm和20~30cm)的分解过程,探讨粗死木分解过程中C、N元素及其C/N比值与分解速率的关系。结果表明粗死木质残体的分解常数K值随直径的增加从0.2225a-1呈指数降低到0.1257a-1,由粗死木质残体在分解过程中密度变化得出三个直径从小到大分解95%所需的时间分别为13a、19a和24a;黄果厚壳桂粗死木质残体在分解过程中不存在时滞效应,其树皮和心材的分解速度也相近,用单因素数指数方程能准确反映黄果厚壳桂的分解过程;与高纬度地区比较,鼎湖山黄果厚壳桂粗死木残体的分解速率常数K值显著高于前者。还就粗死木残体基质组成和性质、气候与环境条件、生物等因素对粗死木分解速率的影响进行了详细的讨论。 相似文献
8.
基于根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法的独特优点,研究黑曲霉转化过程中各主要影响因素,建立高效的黑曲霉遗传转化方法。构建双元载体pBI-hph,通过电转导入农杆菌LBA4404中,以黑曲霉TCCC41056为受体菌株,利用潮霉素B基因作为筛选标记,对影响转化效率的孢子悬液的新鲜程度及浓度、农杆菌菌液浓度、共培养时间、共培养温度这五个条件进行分析,建立根癌农杆菌介导的黑曲霉遗传转化体系。实验结果表明,上述条件对黑曲霉的转化效率有较大的影响,通过优化,黑曲霉转化效率可达83个转化子/107分生孢子;整合到黑曲霉基因组的外源基因可以稳定遗传,在转接10代后遗传性能仍保持稳定,并在众多转化子中筛选得到了糖化酶活力提高18%的黑曲霉突变株。根癌农杆菌介导的黑曲霉转化体系的建立,为进一步研究黑曲霉的功能基因以及开发黑曲霉表达系统提供了有力的手段。 相似文献
9.
Nd^+3:YAG激光对黑曲霉的诱变效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用Nd^+3:YAG激光辐照柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉孢子,辐照后进行培养和发酵试验,分析测定不同辐照时间黑曲霉孢子的存活率、黑曲霉菌丝体生长繁殖及颓丧 酸的速度、主要代谢产物柠酸的产量及淀粉糖化酶活力等变化。 相似文献
10.
本研究比较了两种固定化黑曲霉完整细胞的方法:黑曲霉KCU520在30℃培养5天,用无菌水制成分生孢子悬液(10~7—10~8孢子/ml)。①在400ml80%海藻酸钠溶液中加入孢子悬液600ml,然后逐滴加到1%CaCl_2溶液中,形成的颗粒在10℃固定1小时备用。②聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAG)固定化,在64ml孢子悬液(4℃)中加丙烯酰胺12克,双丙烯酰胺 相似文献
11.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) ranging in molecular masses from 14 to 110 kDa were induced in embryonic axes of germinating Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh seeds after exposure to 40 °C for 1 or 2 h. At 45 °C, there was a marked decline in synthesis of HSPs. A
close relationship was observed between HSPs induced and the growth of the germinating seeds. Pretreatment of germinating
seeds at 40 °C for 1 h or 45 °C for 10 min followed by incubation at 28 °C for 3 h led to considerable thermotolerance (45
°C, 2 h) and the recovery of protein synthesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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13.
After preheating of Amaranthus chloroplasts at elevated temperatures (up to 45°C), the chlorophyll a fluorescence level under low excitation light rises as compared to control (unheated) as observed earlier in other chloroplasts (Schreiber U and Armond PA (1978) Biochim Biophys Acta 502: 138–151). This elevation of heat induced fluorescence yield is quenched by addition of 0.1 mM potassium ferricyanide, suggesting that with mild heat stress the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II is more easily reduced than the unheated samples. Furthermore, the level of fluorescence attained after illumination of dithionite-treated samples is independent of preheating (up to 45°C). Thus, these experiments indicate that the heat induced rise of fluorescence level at low light can not be due to changes in the elevation in the true constant F0 level, that must by definition, be independent of the concentration of QA. It is supposed that the increase in the fluorescence level by weak modulated light is either partly associated with dark reduction of QA due to exposure of chloroplasts to elevated temperature or due to temperature induced fluorescence rise in the so called inactive photosystem II centre where QA are not connected to plastoquinone pool. In the presence of dichlorophenyldimethylurea the fluorescence level triggered by weak modulated light increases at alkaline pH, both in control and heat stressed chloroplasts. This result suggests that the alkaline pH accelerates electron donation from secondary electron donor of photosystem II to QA both in control and heat stressed samples. Thus the increase in fluorescence level probed by weak modulated light due to preheating is not solely linked to increase in true F0 level, but largely associated with the shift in the redox state of QA, the primary stable electron acceptor of photosystem II.Abbreviations ADRY
Acceleration of Deactivation of Reaction of Enzyme Y
- CCCP
Carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone
- Chl
Chlorophyll
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- FeCN
potassium ferricyanide
- HEPES
4-(2-hydroxy ethyl)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid
- LHCP
Light harvesting chlorophyll protein
- MES
(4-morpholine ethane sulfonic acid)
- PS
photosystem
- QA and QB
first and second consecutive electron acceptors of photosystem II
- TES
(2-[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylamino]-1-ethanesulfonic acid) sulfonic acid
- TRICINE
N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] glycine 相似文献
14.
Wang Houcong Huang Huakang Qiu Simi Zhang Shi Fang Yashun Cai Jinlei Zheng Xuan Huang Yumin Chen Ruming Sun Chuanzhi Chen Shuanglong Chi Xiaowen Liao Xinying Zhang Weiqing Zhong Xinbin 《Frontiers of Biology in China》2007,2(2):144-150
After 20 years of dedicated research, Jiafuzhan has been successfully developed under the new technologies in breeding high-quality
early indica rice cultivars. Its rice quality has almost reached the A-level Editable Rice of Agriculture Department of China, and its
average production reaches 400–500 kg/(666.7 m2). This new cultivar also has other characteristics such as enhanced resistance of blast and fallen, steady productivity,
and strong adaptability. Jiafuzhan has been put into production of over 11.4 × 104 hm2 in Fujian Province and has been introduced and extended in other Provinces like Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi, China. The
successes of breeding Jiafuzhan is a solution to the existing perennial problems in the rice industry, such as poor grain
quality of big-grain rice and early indica rice, low productivity, and poor blast resistance of elite rice.
__________
Translated from Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 2006, 45(1): 114–119 [译自: 厦门大学学报 (自然科学版)] 相似文献
15.
In high density cultivation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells in Grace's medium supplemented with FBS (fetal bovine serum) and yeastolate, amino acids were the primary limiting substrates while the carbon sources were not. Glutamine, methionine, and threonine were consumed rapidly during the cultivation. When cultures were supplemented with amino acids, yeastolate components other than amino acids became the secondary limiting substrates. 相似文献
16.
Spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence over thalli of three foliose lichen species was studied using Chl fluorescence imaging (CFI) and slow Chl fluorescence kinetics supplemented with quenching analysis. CFI values indicated species-specific differences in location of the most physiologically active zones within fully hydrated thalli: marginal thallus parts (Hypogymnia physodes), central part and close-to-umbilicus spots (Lasallia pustulata), and irregulary-distributed zones within thallus (Umbilicaria hirsuta). During gradual desiccation of lichen thalli, decrease in Chl fluorescence parameters (FO - minimum Chl fluorescence at point O, FP - maximum Chl fluorescence at P point, 2 - effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem 2) was observed. Under severe desiccation (>85 % of water saturation deficit), substantial thalli parts lost their apparent physiological activity and the resting parts exhibited only a small Chl fluorescence. Distribution of these active patches was identical with the most active areas found under full hydration. Thus spatial heterogeneity of Chl fluorescence in foliose lichens may reflect location of growth zones (pseudomeristems) within thalli and adjacent newly produced biomass. When exposed to high irradiance, fully-hydrated thalli of L. pustulata and U. hirsuta showed either an increase or no change in FO, and a decrease in FP. Distribution of Chl fluorescence after the high irradiance treatment, however, remained the same as before the treatment. After 60 min of recovery in the dark, FO and FP did not recover to initial values, which may indicate that the lichen used underwent a photoinhibition. The CFI method is an effective tool in assessing spatial heterogeneity of physiological activity over lichen thalli exposed to a variety of environmental factors. It may be also used to select a representative area at a lichen thallus before application of single-spot fluorometric techniques in lichens. 相似文献
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18.
Porphyra vietnamensis Tanaka & Pham-Hoang Ho (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) is a tropical seaweed collected from the west coast of India. Thalli of the blade phase are found growing only during the rainy season between July and September. They grow on rocky intertidal or subtidal substrata or as epiphytes on other seaweeds such as Enteromorpha flexuosa and Chaetomorpha media. The gametophytic thallus is monostromatic and covered with spines at the base. The species is monoecious. Male gametangia are found in patches that are distributed in the upper part of the thallus. Archeospores are found at the thallus margins and give rise to the blade phase after one week of germination even at 30 ∘ C. Zygotospores germinated at 25 ∘ C into conchocelis within three days from the date of their inoculation. Conchospores were released at 30 ∘ C. The young blades grew at 32 ∘ C in the laboratory. 相似文献
19.
Physiological responses of lupin roots to high pH 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
High pH seems to be a major constraint limiting the production of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) on alkaline soils. Whereas there has been much interest in soil acidity, relatively little is known about the effect of high pH on the growth of roots of higher plants.Elongation of roots of L. angustifolius was particularly sensitive to pH6.0 compared with other species. The effect of high pH in decreasing root elongation in L. angustifolius occurred within one hour. It was via an effect on cell elongation and not cell division and the effect was readily reversible. The mechanisms of the adverse effect of high pH are unknown. The permeability ratio of K+ to Na+ in the plasma-membrane of the root cortical cells was similar in solutions of both low pH and high pH. Reduced cell growth at high pH was not associated with an inefficiency of proton extrusion to the bulk solution by roots of this species. Nevertheless, increasing buffer concentration in the external solution decreased root elongation more in L. angustifolius than in Lupinus pilosus and Pisum sativum. 相似文献
20.
采用反相高效液相色谱法,对叶下珠药材不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位指纹图谱进行测定和比较分析,并与中成药叶下珠胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱进行了比较研究。结果显示:(1)建立了叶下珠药材的HPLC特征指纹图谱,标定18个共有峰,利用对照品指认4个峰;11批(来源地不同)叶下珠样品的HPLC图谱相似度(相合系数,均值)在0.89~0.99之间。(2)7批不同采收期的叶下珠药材的HPLC指纹图谱相似度在0.94以上,各共有峰的峰面积大多随生长期而增加,至10月5日达到最高,建议叶下珠药材应于每年的10月上旬进行采收。(3)不同部位叶下珠药材HPLC指纹图谱相似度分析发现,叶、果的相似度较高(0.98~0.99),根、茎的相似度较低(0.86~0.87),说明根、茎中各成分含量较低,建议采收叶下珠药材的地上部分即可。(4)比较叶下珠胶囊和叶下珠药材的指纹图谱,发现二者的化学成分非常相似,但峰面积差异较大,其差异可能是由于加工过程所致。该研究所建立的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法简便、重现性好,可用于叶下珠药材及中成药的鉴定与质量评价。 相似文献