ARDRA分型测定刺参养殖环境中蛭弧菌多样性

【目的】研究刺参养殖环境中蛭弧菌类微生物的多样性及其组成特征。【方法】对刺参养殖用水进行过滤,获得微生物并提取其总DNA,分别采用两对特异性引物Per和Bac扩增蛭弧菌类微生物相应的16S r RNA基因目的片段。通过核糖体DNA扩增片段限制性内切酶分析(ARDRA)方法,使用HaeⅢ和MspⅠ,双酶切各60个目的基因的单克隆,选不同条带克隆进行测序并对测序结果的多重序列分析比对。【结果】确定两对引物分别存在8和9种碱基差异序列,均属于噬菌弧菌属,分属于3个类群中。类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ为优势类群,且均为已知类群,类群Ⅲ为潜在的新类群;Per1(KP214541)和Bac44(KP214551)代表菌株分别为优势种。【结论】刺参养殖环境中蛭弧菌具有较高的多样性,包括已知类型和未知类型的蛭弧菌;可进一步进行蛭弧菌的分离、培养,用于刺参养殖中病害防治研究。     

蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的生物学特性和16S rDNA序列分析

[目的]研究蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的噬菌特性、形态特征,并分析16S rDNA序列从而对其进行种属鉴定.[方法]采用双层平板法和三角瓶培养法研究蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的噬菌特性,通过光镜和电镜观察其形态,利用16S rDNA序列的蛭弧菌类特异性引物以及细菌通用引物进行PCR扩增.[结果]JU-PX1对10株宿主菌中的6株具有噬菌作用,特别对大肠杆菌和副溶血弧菌侵噬能力较强.菌体呈弧状或杆状,单极鞭毛,大小为(0.2-0.5) μm×(0.8-1.2) μm,在其增殖阶段也有长约3.2 μm的较长个体.扩增后分别获得了一段长为831 bp和1 515 bp的DNA序列,进一步通过NCBI BLAST和MEGA 5.10等软件分析并构建了系统发育树.[结论]蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1属于噬菌弧菌属(Bacteriovorax),与海岸噬菌弧菌(Bv.litoralis)亲缘关系最近,两者的16S rDNA序列相似性为93％.     

牙龈卟啉菌牙龈蛋白酶K的基因克隆和序列分析

利用PCR方法 ,分别扩增牙龈卟啉菌牙龈蛋白酶K (KGP)的催化结构域 (KGPcd)和凝集素结构域 (KGP-hag)的基因片段 ,将基因片段插入pGEM-T easyVector,通过限制性酶切和核苷酸序列分析鉴定, KGPcd和KGP hag的序列与国外文献报道一致。克隆到牙龈卟啉菌KGP的KGPcd和KGP hag基因 ,为体外表达其活性蛋白奠定了基础。     

海藻糖合酶产生菌筛选、鉴定及目的基因克隆

目的:为筛选出一株产海藻糖合酶的菌株,并以此菌的全DNA为模板,克隆出产海藻糖合酶的目的基因片段。方法:实验过程中采用了常规筛选菌种、快速提取细菌全基因、显微镜观察菌种、热启动PCR技术、电泳纯化回收基因片段、EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定目的基因片段等方法。结果:在电镜下可观察到有芽孢、杆菌;菌株16S rRNA基因扩增产物共计1490个碱基;PCR方法扩增出阳性克隆大约1700bp的基因片段。结论:通过生理、形态、结构特征分析及16S rRNA基因全序列比较得出结论:筛选到一株短小芽孢杆菌;PCR扩增出阳性克隆片段,全长1722bp,为实验所要的编码海藻糖合酶的基因片段。     

海绵Pachychalina sp.体内古菌多样性非培养技术分析

采用非分离培养分析方法,即16S rDNA限制性酶切片段长度多态性（ARDRA）和测序方法对南海湛江海域海绵Pachychalina sp.体内的古菌多样性进行了研究。从海绵体内直接提取古菌总DNA。以样品总DNA为模板,用古菌16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增获得16S rDNA,回收、纯化16S rDNA产物并克隆到TVector。进行第二次PCR扩增反应,且对扩增产物进行ARDRA。在古菌16S rDNA的ARDRA图谱中,大多数克隆的酶切带谱上存在差异;随机挑选8个克隆子进行测序,获得古菌16S rDNA的部分序列,并对16S rDNA序列进行聚类分析构建了系统进化树,结果发现海绵体内的古菌主要属于Methanogenium organophilum、Methanoplanus petrolearius等古菌类。但它们与目前数据库中收录的古细菌间的相似性均不超过90%,它们极有可能是一些新的古菌。     

琥珀酸弧菌L-天门冬酰胺酶基因的初级克隆和表达

本文以表达型噬菌体λgtll为载体,以及¹²⁵I标记的放射免疫抗体为探针,从EcDR I酶切的琥珀酸弧菌(Vyibrto succinogenes)染色体DNA片段中克隆得到携带天门冬酰胺酶基因的目的片段,在宿主菌E．Coil Y 1090 中得到表达。经酶解和凝胶电泳分析表明该插入DNA片段的分子量为5．8kb．重组DNA感染另一宿主菌E．ColiYl089后所产生的酶蛋白具有L-天门冬酰胺酶活力。用重组DNA(λgt11-AS8)为探针进行southern DNA杂交,琥珀酸弧菌染色体DNA的Ec0R I酶切片段中,出现一条位置在5．8kb处的杂交带,证明我们克隆到的携带L-天门冬酰胺酶基因的目的片段来自琥珀酸弧菌。     

几种固氮菌nifA基因片段的同源性分析

参照已知数种固氮菌nifA基因的DNA序列,选择其中间区域的两个保守性较强的序列合成引物,利用肺炎克匠杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniaef)、棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinela-ndii)、巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirllum brasilense)、草螺菌(Herbaspirillum seropedicae)和深红红螺菌(Rhodospirillum rubrum)的总DNA进行聚合酶链反应,结果均扩增出约450bp大小的片段,经证实为各种固氮菌的nifA基因部分片段。 核酸印迹分子杂交结果显示出nifA基因在不同固氮菌中的同源性不强。     

兼性厌氧纤维素菌的分离与系统发育分析*

从四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心提供的野外放归大熊猫“祥祥”的粪样中,分离到一株产纤维素酶的兼性厌氧菌株。该菌株经初步生理生化鉴定为肠杆菌科沙雷氏菌(Serratia),命名为Serratia JF-1116。用PCR技术扩增了该菌的16S rDNA全序列,并对其进行了克隆和测序,对该序列在GenBank中的BLAST结果表明,所有与该序列高度同源的序列均为肠杆菌科的16S rDNA基因序列,选取同源性高的菌株的16S rDNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,菌株与3株Serr     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

The effect of seasonality on oxidative metabolism in Nacella (Patinigera) magellanica

We studied the seasonal variation on aerobic metabolism and the response of oxidative stress parameters in the digestive glands of the subpolar limpet Nacella (P.) magellanica. Sampling was carried out from July (winter) 2002 to July 2003 in Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Whole animal respiration rates increased in early spring as the animals spawned and remained elevated throughout summer and fall (winter: 0.09 ± 0.02 μmol O₂ h^− 1 g^− 1; summer: 0.31 ± 0.06 μmol O₂ h^− 1 g^− 1). Oxidative stress was assessed at the hydrophilic level as the ascorbyl radical content / ascorbate content ratio (A / AH⁻). The A / AH⁻ ratio showed minimum values in winter (3.7 ± 0.2 10^− 5 AU) and increased in summer (18 ± 5 10^− 5 AU). A similar pattern was observed for lipid radical content (122 ± 29 pmol mg^− 1 fresh mass [FW] in winter and 314 ± 45 pmol mg^− 1 FW in summer), iron content (0.99 ± 0.07 and 2.7 ± 0.6 nmol mg^− 1 FW in winter and summer, respectively) and catalase activity (2.9 ± 0.2 and 7 ± 1 U mg^− 1 FW in winter and summer, respectively). Since nitrogen derived radicals are thought to be critically involved in oxidative metabolism in cells, nitric oxide content was measured and a significant difference in the content of the Fe–MGD–NO adduct in digestive glands from winter and summer animals was observed. Together, the data indicate that both oxygen and nitrogen radical generation rates in N. (P.) magellanica are strongly dependent on season.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。