一株产生物表面活性剂低温细菌的筛选与鉴定

采用血平板培养基及蓝色凝胶平板培养基初筛、排油圈法复筛,从低温环境下自然腐烂秸秆中分离筛选到4株产生物表面活性剂的低温细菌.其中菌株B-17发酵液排油圈达到最大,在5d内可使发酵液的表面张力由75.47 mN· m-1降至37.49 mN·m-1.通过形态特征、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为理研菌属(Petrimonas sp.).红外光谱分析表明,菌株B-17在代谢过程中能产生糖脂类表面活性物质.该菌发酵液的乳化能力在5d内仍能保持在75％,具有很好的增溶效果.研究表明,初始pH 7、盐浓度0.4％、温度20℃时,对菌株B-17生长和产生物表面活性剂最有利.本研究为低温环境下产生物表面活性剂细菌的开发奠定了基础.     

一株糖脂表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及干酪根降解

【目的】从油页岩环境中筛选可降解油页岩干酪根的产生物表面活性剂菌株。【方法】从抚顺油页岩矿废水样品中用血平板法初筛,排油圈法、乳化法和表面张力法复筛,获得产生物表面活性剂菌株。对目标菌株进行生理生化鉴定、16S r RNA基因序列和系统发育分析,用薄层色谱鉴定其发酵液表面活性成分,优化产表面活性剂的培养条件,初步考察其对油页岩干酪根的降解能力。【结果】筛选到一株产糖脂表面活性剂菌株B-1,初步鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.,该菌株有良好的排油和乳化能力以及较低的表面张力,可利用烷烃、不饱和脂肪酸和糖类作为碳源。在30-34°C范围内添加0.3%Na Cl的葡萄糖培养基(p H 7.0)中该菌生长旺盛,发酵液表面张力最低为27 m N/m。菌株B-1在添加一定量葡萄糖的无机盐培养基中作用30 d后对干酪根的降解率为2.85%,高于不添加葡萄糖无机盐培养基对照组的降解率(1.04%)。【结论】菌株B-1是一株性能良好的产糖脂表面活性剂细菌,有降解干酪根的潜力。     

产生物表面活性剂菌种的一种快速筛选模型*

利用生物表面活性剂具有溶血性和在产生过程中能使蓝色凝胶平板变色等特性,建立了产生物表面活性剂菌种的快速筛选模型。模型用于从采自油田和炼厂的土样和水样中筛选生物表面活性剂产生菌,选出12株能产生物表面活性剂的微生物,其中1株糖脂产量为6．5g／L,产生的糖脂配成0．5％水溶液,能在25％将水的表面张力从71．3mN／m降到30．5mN／m。     

一株产生物表面活性剂菌株的筛选

目的：从大庆油田油水样中分离筛选产生物表面活性剂的菌株。方法：利用富集培养、血平板筛选、摇瓶原油乳化实验和表面张力测定等方法。结果：D2菌株能产生生物表面活性剂。结论：经初步鉴定D2菌株是产脂肽表面活性剂的芽孢杆菌,能显著降低水的表面张力．并具有良好的乳化和增溶效果。     

一株产脂肽类表面活性剂的碱性Dietzia菌及特性研究

【目的】筛选降解性能良好的产生物表面活性剂的菌株,对其进行分类学鉴定,确定所产表面活性剂物质并对各影响因素进行评价。【方法】利用液体石蜡为底物筛选降解性能良好的产生物表面活性剂菌株,通过形态特征观察、生理生化测定、16S rRNA基因序列分析等实验确定菌株的分类地位。通过排油圈活性、表面张力值、薄层层析等方法确定生物表面活性剂的性质,分析碳、氮源和温度、pH、盐浓度各因素对菌株产生物表面活性剂的影响。【结果】从大连新港采集的样品中分离得到一株产表面活性剂的嗜碱菌株3372,经分类鉴定表明其是Dietzia cercidiphylli的新菌株。嗜碱菌3372发酵液粗提物的排油直径为6.1 cm,表面张力可从67.62 mN/m降到32.95 mN/m,经薄层层析分析,初步鉴定为脂肽类表面活性剂。综合各因素对发酵液表面活性的影响,菌株3372在pH为9.0、适盐浓度为3%的培养基中,经30°C培养可将发酵液表面张力值降到最低。【结论】嗜碱菌3372是脂肽类生物表面活性剂产生菌的新成员,其在高盐碱条件下产生表面活性剂的特性在工业应用上有一定的潜力。     

从大庆原油样品中分离和初步筛选菌株

目的:根据目标菌株的特性,应用选择培养基筛选出提高石油三次采油采收率的菌株,并对其进行相关性质的鉴定。方法:从大庆原油样品中经过富集培养,平板分离。结果:获得2株细菌,1号菌株属于假单胞菌属,2号菌株属于芽孢杆菌属。对两株细菌进行了定性分析,结果表明两株细菌均能产酸、产气、产表面活性剂。证明其具有降低原油黏度的作用。     

南海深海沉积物烷烃降解菌的富集分离与多样性初步分析

通过培养和非培养2种手段研究了南海沉积物中石油降解菌的多样性。通过烷烃富集培养,从2个站点不同深度的南海沉积物样品中富集筛选出48株深海细菌,其中27株对十六烷有降解能力。表面张力测定结果表明,4株降解菌同时具有较强的表面活性剂产生能力,2株Dietzia maris菌能使水的表面张力降至33mN/m左右,这是该种微生物产表面活性剂的首次报道。通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析显示,南海沉积物富集物中的烷烃降解菌优势菌是芽孢杆菌,而且有多种。其中,Bacillus aquimaris在两个站点的7个样品的富集物中都是优势菌。此外,Sporosarcina,Halomona以及Brevibacterium属的细菌在不同样品中也表现为除Bacillus之外的优势菌。     

石油降解菌X-1所产表面活性剂的研究

对石油污染土壤中筛选到的能产生生物表面活性剂的石油降解菌X-1(芽孢杆菌),进行表面活性剂的提取和鉴定,并对其产剂条件进行了优化。结果表明:菌株X-1产生的生物表面活性剂为浅黄色粉末状物质。通过硅胶板薄层层析和红外光谱分析,判定表面活性剂为脂肽、脂蛋白类物质。菌株X-1产生表面活性剂的最佳条件为:温度32℃,pH 7.0,盐度2 g/L NaCl,最佳碳源为淀粉,最佳氮源为蛋白胨。     

BS01菌株降解石蜡产生物表面活性剂的研究

从辽河油田排气池水样中分离出一株能降解石蜡产生物表面活性剂的杆菌BS01菌株。根据传统分类和系列鉴定,该菌为铜绿假单胞菌。用通过正交试验得到的最佳培养基进行摇瓶培养,6d后,培养液的表面张力降低了12mN/m,pH降低了2～3个单位。经氨基酸自动分析仪和气象色谱测定,培养液中含有多种氨基酸和少量脂肪酸。培养液用正已烷多次萃取后,有机相经紫外分光光度计测定,石蜡降解率为69％。     

生物表面活性剂的合成与提取研究进展*

生物表面活性剂（Biosurfactant）是由微生物产生的具有高表面活性的生物分子。相对于化学合成的表面活性剂,生物表面活性剂对生态系统的毒性较低,且可生物降解。因此,生物表面活性剂开始应用于环境污染治理的各个方面。中从生物表面活性剂生产菌的筛选、培养基的优化及生物表面活性剂的提取等方面对近年来生物表面活性剂的研究进展进行了总结,并对未来的发展方向作了展望。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.