多粘芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus polymyxa)β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及酶学性质分析

从多粘芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluspolymyxa 1794 )中克隆得到 β-葡萄糖苷酶基因bglA。将其构建在大肠杆菌 (Es-cherichiacoli)表达载体pET28a(+)上 ,转化E .coliBL21,获得重组工程菌BL1979。重组表达的 β-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活力达到 247IU mL ,经镍柱纯化后的β-葡萄糖苷酶最适温度为 37℃ ,最适pH值为70 ,该酶经纯化后纯度可达92.7%。用非变性梯度聚丙烯凝胶电泳发现该酶具有多种寡聚体形式 ,经荧光底物活性染色表明这些寡聚体均具有β-葡萄糖苷酶活性.     

植酸酶phyAm基因结构延伸突变改善酶的热稳定性

将来源于黑曲霉N25的植酸酶基因phyA^m重组于大肠杆菌表达载体pET30b(+),以重组表达载体pET30b-F-phyA^m为模板经PCR扩增获得结构延伸突变植酸酶基因phyA^e（在植酸酶基因C端增加了来源于pET-30b-F-phyA^m载体上13氨基酸残基）。含突变基因的重组表达载体pPIC9k-phyA^e在GS115酵母中表达。纯化的突变酶PP-NP-e与野生型酶PP-NP-m8相比：PP-NPAe的最适反应温度上升了3℃,75℃处理10min,热稳定性提高21%,比活力略有提高。最适反应pH为5.6,有效pH范围pH4.6到pH6.6。比未突变酶扩大了0.4单位。     

Aeropyrum pernix K1磷脂酶A2的克隆、表达及其性质

从超嗜热需氧古细菌AeropyrumpernixK1中抽提出染色体基因组,经PCR扩增得到磷脂酶A2基因,用带有His-tag标记的pET15b作为表达载体,在大肠杆菌BLP中成功地诱导表达。表达产物经过Ni-螯合柱一步得到纯化。SDS-PAGE检测只有一条带,其准确分子量为17,871kD。对纯化后的磷脂酶A2测定其酶活性和生物活性,得出其最适反应温度为90℃,最适pH范围为7.8~8.2。至此首次成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了古细菌嗜热磷脂酶A2,这将为以后对该酶的结构和功能以及耐热机制研究打     

木聚糖酶XYNB分子中折叠股B1和B2间的疏水作用对酶热稳定性的影响

对来源于Streptomycesolivaceoviridis的高比活木聚糖酶XYNB进行同源建模,并结合嗜热木聚糖酶氮末端芳香族氨基酸疏水作用的结构分析,设计了XYNB的T11Y定点突变,观察XYNB分子中折叠股B1和B2的疏水作用对酶的热稳定性的影响。将突变酶XYNB′在毕赤酵母中表达,表达的XYNB′经纯化后与原酶XYNB(同样经毕赤酵母表达后纯化)进行酶学性质比较,结果表明,XYNB′的耐热性比XYNB有明显的提高,但最适温度与原酶一样为60℃。另外,XYNB′的最适pH、Km值及比活性均有一定的改变。实验证实了木聚糖酶XYNB的氮端芳香族氨基酸之间的疏水相互作用与其热稳定性相关,为进一步的结构与功能研究提供了优良的基因材料。     

产黄青霉病毒的稳定性和体内病毒的滴定度

产黄青霉(penicillium chrysogenum)病毒(PcV)在0.02M、pH 7.0磷酸缓冲液(4℃)中经乙醚、氯仿、0．1％SDS、甲醛等处理和一20℃冻融及4℃下保存230天以上均仍保持抗原性。但用0．5一1％SDS处理和5次以上反复冻融便全部丧失或只保留极微弱的抗原性。随着保存时间延长抗原性逐渐降低,在凝腔电泳中两区带间隔和迁移率明显增加。     

基因工程酶法结合酵母能量耦联高效合成L-谷氨酰胺的研究

通过PCR方法从Bacillus subtilis基因组DNA中扩增出谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(glnA),克隆至表达载体pET28b, 经测序鉴定后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3), 用IPTG及乳糖诱导表达。 SDSPAGE分析表明,所表达的谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase ,简称GS)为可溶性蛋白,约占总菌蛋白的80％。利用表达的GS蛋白 N端的6×HisTag 对GS进行亲和层析,将获得的纯蛋白进行酶活性测定。结果表明,纯化的GS合成反应的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为6.5,Mn²⁺能明显提高GS的活性和稳定性。工程菌BL21(DE3)/pET28b-glnA粗提物中GS的比活是宿主菌本身的84倍。以谷氨酸、NH₄Cl和ATP为底物的转化实验表明谷氨酸的转化率达95％以上。 经筛选获得一株高效能量耦联酵母菌株,命名为YC001;通过能量耦联表明,该系统对谷氨酸的转化率高达80％,平均谷氨酰胺产量为22g/L。     

大肠杆菌CFT073中Curli系统重要基因csgF的克隆、表达、纯化和结构分析

【目的】对大肠杆菌CFT073中Culri系统的重要蛋白CsgF进行高效表达,探索其纯化条件和三维结构,为研究Curli生物合成机制提供理论基础。【方法】以大肠杆菌CFT073基因组为模板扩增csgF基因,构建pET28a-csg F(nsp)-N-6His、pET28a-csg F(20-129)-N-6His、pET28a-csg F-C-6His和p ET28a-csg F(nsp)-C-6His等重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌DH5α并在BL21(DE3)中诱导表达;通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定CsgF蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达情况,用Ni-NTA His Bind Resin和凝胶排阻层析色谱纯化重组蛋白CsgF,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法鉴定分析;用Pull down实验研究CsgF与CsgG蛋白的相互作用,同源模建方法分析重组蛋白CsgF的三级结构。【结果】克隆了目的基因csg F,并筛选出稳定CsgF蛋白的条件:50 mmol/L Sodium acetate(pH 5.0)、150 mmol/L NaCl、5%Glyercol;CsgF与CsgG存在相互作用,CsgF三维结构模型显示为(β/α)。【结论】获得了高纯度稳定的CsgF重组蛋白及其三维结构,为进一步研究CsgF结构与功能奠定了基础。     

栖土曲霉中性蛋白酶的研究*

栖土曲霉(Aspergillus terricola)3.942经~60Co-v射线诱变处理,得到抗克念菌素变异株NK71,并对其培养条件进行了优化,使产酶提高了76%。用单宁酸沉淀法提取此酶,并用DEAESephadex离子交换层析法进一步纯化。纯化酶的最适反应温度40—50℃,最适pH7,在pH5—7.5、低于40℃时稳定。     

人毒素源性大肠杆菌热敏感肠毒素基因的克隆和表达

用限制酶Pst I完全消化毒素源性大肠杆菌H10407的热敏感肠毒素(LT)质粒DNA,酶切片段经电泳分离后,用southern分子杂交技术定位LT基因。回收5．3kb的LT DNA片段并将它与Pst I完全酶解的pUC8DNA混合,体外连接后用于转化感受态E．Coil JM83细胞。筛选后获得了一株能有效表达LT的重组子。免疫学及生物学测定表明,此克隆株所产生的LT与亲本株H10407所产生者具有相同的免疫原性和生物活性,且其产最为亲本株的16倍。     

矿油封藏法保存担子菌菌种的评定

本文总结了矿油封藏法保存担子菌菌种44属63种161株5—8年的效果;用薄层层析法测定经矿油封藏后在矿油中浸出物的成份,及其与保存效果的关系。保存菌株中除1株紫芝(Ganoderma japonicum)和3株Ganoderma sp.,6株草地蘑菇(Agartcus pratensts)中3株保存6年,5林保存5年失去活力外,其余全部保持着生活能力。对12属16种27株担子菌进行了栽培试验,除发光假密环菌(Armillariella tabescens)．香菇(Lenttnus edodes)、银耳(Tremella fuciformis)外都保持着形成子实体的特性。经薄层层析确知,保存菌株的矿油浸出物为游离甾醇、游离脂肪酸及甘油三酯等。但它的浸出不影响菌株的存活,因而矿汕封藏法,对于大量而且较长期的保存不同种的担子菌,是可取的简便易行的方法．     

Analytical grade C-phycocyanin obtained by a single-step purification process

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein that can be used as a natural blue dye in the food and cosmetic industries, as a biomarker or as an agent in medical treatments, depending on its purity grade. Here we described for the first time a single-step purification process of C-PC extracted from the wet biomass of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis LEB-52 using ion exchange chromatography with pH gradient elution. Different conditions varying the elution buffers and volumes, the loading pH and the addition of salt in the elution buffer were studied. The chromatographic condition that resulted in high recovery and purity consisted in equilibration and washing with 0.025 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer pH 6.5 and elution combining a step with 0.08 mol/L NaCl in 0.025 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer pH 6.5 and a pH gradient elution with 0.05 mol/L citrate buffer pH 6.2–3.0. This process resulted in C-PC with purities of 4.2 and 3.5 with recoveries of 32.6 and 49.5 %, respectively, in one purification step.     

金属螯合亲和层析法纯化抗乙肝核心抗原单克隆抗体

采用金属螯合亲和层析法,纯化了小鼠腹水来源的抗乙肝核心抗原单克隆抗体,对上样缓冲液的pH和离子强度、洗脱液种类和洗脱方式进行优化。结果表明,采用降低pH分步洗脱时,最佳上样缓冲液为pH8.0,20mmol/LPB+0.5mol/LNaCl,抗体在pH5.0被洗脱下来,抗体回收率80%,纯度85%。采用咪唑浓度梯度洗脱时,最佳的上样缓冲液为pH8.0,20mmol/LPB+5mmol/L咪唑,抗体纯度大于95%,回收率65%;在上样缓冲液中不添加NaCl而添加少量的咪唑,更有利于抗体分离。以上洗脱方式都能较好地保持mAb的生物学活性,为该抗体的应用提供了必要的实验基础。     

LT（K63／R72）, a New Mutant of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin, Exhibits Characteristics More Similar to LT（K63） than LT（R72）

LT(K63), a non-toxic mutant and LT(R72), a low toxic mutant of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin are frequently used mucosal adjuvants. In many cases, the adjuvanticity of LT(K63) is lower than that of LT(R72), but LT(K63), which induces a mixed Th1/Th2 response, exhibits a higher level of protection than LT(R72) which induces a polarized Th2-type response. To utilize the advantages of both adjuvants, a doublemutation LT(K63/R72) was generated and purified. The characterization results showed that there was no significant difference in production rate and immunogenicity between wild type LT and LT mutants. The results also showed that the toxicity and the trypsin sensitivity of LT(K63/R72) are between that of LT(K63)and LT(R72). Using HPLC, when samples in an OHpak SB-800 column were eluted by denatural buffer(TEAN containing 10 mg/ml SDS), we found the stability of LT(K63/R72) was higher than that of LT(R72)and lower than that of LT(K63). Through further analyzes, we found that LT(K63/R72) exhibits characteristics more closely related to LT(K63) than LT(R72).     

两步串联层析法纯化鼠抗人CD80单克隆抗体4E5

采用阴离子交换与凝胶过滤两步串联层析法,纯化了小鼠腹水来源的CD80阻断型单克隆抗体4E5。腹水样品经离心、过滤预处理后,在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液(pH8.0, 50mmol/L)条件下上阴离子交换柱对目的单抗进行捕集,采用0-0.5 mol/L NaCl浓度分步洗脱;含目的单抗的洗脱馏分再上凝胶过滤柱纯化,用PB缓冲溶液（pH7.2, 20mmol/L）洗脱,获得目的单抗4E5,其生物学活性高、纯度大于95%,抗体总回收率达61%。     

一种同时纯化钙谓神经磷酸酶和钙调素的有效方法

本文报导了一种能同时纯化钙调神经磷酸酶和钙调素的有效方法。牛脑粗提液经DE-52纤维素层析分段洗脱:0.5mol/L NaCl缓冲液洗脱峰经phenyl-sepharose亲和柱和G75 sephadex制得电泳纯钙调素。0.18mol/L KCl缓冲液洗脱峰经Affigel-Blue层析,硫酸铵盐析,钙调素亲和层析,G-200 Sephadex凝胶过滤制得电泳纯钙调神经磷酸酶。     

梨形环棱螺凝集素的初步研究

通过Sepharose 4B-甲状腺球蛋白亲和层析,从梨形环棱螺Bellamya purificata体内分离到的一种凝集素,不连续PAGE显示其为单一的蛋白质谱带.它能凝集兔、猪、鸭等动物的红细胞,但不能凝集人的A、B、O及AB型血的红细胞和固定后的兔红细胞.其凝集活力可被1.0mol/L的乳糖、半乳糖和60g/L的甲状腺球蛋白抑制,但不能被碱性硼酸缓冲液抑制.对温度变化敏感,有较宽的最适pH范围.     

Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase in cultured rat liver cells.

Alkaline phosphatase has been purified from cultured rat liver cells by butanol extraction, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and on Sephadex G-200, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By electrophoresis on polyacrylamide, the purified enzyme was resolved into two active forms. Both forms have similar molecular weights of around 200,000. The subunit size was found to be 50,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that alkaline phosphatase purified from cultured rat liver cells has a tetrameric structure. The optimum pH was found to be approximately 10.4, using p-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate in a carbonate buffer system. The apparent Km was estimated to be 2.4 mM, using p-nitrophenylphosphate in carbonate buffer, pH 10.4.     

A simplified purification procedure for recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor from periplasmic space of Escherichia coli

Cytoplasmic expression is commonly used for production of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) which most often comes with inclusion body formation. We expressed rhGM-CSF in periplasmic space of Escherichia coli and optimized its extraction by osmotic shock and purification by anion exchange chromatography. Our works show that MgCl2 at 2 mM in osmotic shock buffer improves extraction of the protein and reduces contamination with other proteins. To achieve a simplified purification procedure for rhGM-CSF, efforts were focused on the adjustment of pH of the buffers and application of proper concentration of salt. Following to measurement of the pI of 5.4 for rhGM-CSF by isoelectric focusing, the pH of dialysis buffer and buffers used in anion exchange chromatography were adjusted to 6.5 for optimal binding of the protein to the column and removal of proteins with higher pIs during washing of the column. In addition, it was found that appliance of NaCl at a concentration of 20 mM in dialysis and column washing buffers prior to elution with elution buffer containing 120 mM NaCl significantly improves purification of the protein. Starting with specific amount of total proteins obtained by osmotic shock, it was possible to recover 95% of which following to purification with a purification yield of 72% for rhGM-CSF along with appropriate biological activity.     

Purification and partial characterization of two glycoproteins in bovine peripheral nerve myelin membrane

Two major glycoproteins of bovine peripheral nerve myelin were isolated from the acid-insoluble residue of the myelin by a procedure involving delipidation with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 column with a buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The separation patterns of the proteins on the gel were affected considerably by the dodecyl sulfate concentration in the elution buffer. At above 2% dodecyl sulfate concentration in the elution buffer, the glycoproteins could be separated clearly on the gel and were purified. The purified proteins, the BR protein (mol. wt. 28 000) and the PAS-II protein (mol. wt. 13 000), were homogeneous on dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The NH₂-terminal amino acids of the BR and the PAS-II proteins were isoleucine and methionine, respectively. The BR protein contained glucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose and sialic acids and the PAS-II protein contained glucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose and glucose. Neither the BR protein nor the PAS-II were a glycosylated derivative of a basic protein of bovine peripheral nerve myelin, a deduction based on the results of amino acid analysis. The two major glycoproteins were observed commonly in the peripheral nerve myelin of cows, pigs, rabbits and guinea pigs, using dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.     

寡核苷酸探针制备的优化

目的:探讨寡核苷酸微阵列制备中适合使用的探针浓度、探针缓冲液pH值、离子强度、优化杂交条件。方法:选取人白细胞抗原DQA1位点,针对多态性集中的外显子2设计一对保守引物及16条特异性分型探针;分别用ddH2O和0.1、0.2mol/L碳酸盐缓冲液(pH=7)稀释探针至100μmol/L;选取合适的缓冲液浓度后,调碳酸盐缓冲液为5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0等6种pH值,选取最优pH值及离子强度,分别溶解探针至20、50、100、200μmol/L,比较上述不同条件的杂交结果。结果:用0.1mol/L、pH9的碳酸盐缓冲液溶解探针杂交效果最佳;探针浓度为20μmol/L时信号弱,其他浓度下无显著差别。结论:通过探针制备的优化可以提高杂交效率,探针浓度与杂交信号强度无明显正相关。