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1.
Shikha Singh Ananya Kuanar Sujata Mohanty Enketeswara Subudhi Sanghamitra Nayak 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(2):263-269
Drug yielding potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is due to the presence of important phytoconstituents such as curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil. Slow multiplication
rate, high susceptibility to rhizome rot and leaf spot disease and restricted availability of elite genotype necessitated
application of tissue culture technique to alleviate the problems. A protocol has been developed for in vitro micropropagation
of an elite genotype (cv. suroma) using latent axillary bud explants from unsprouted rhizome, available throughout the year.
MS media containing 3 mg/l 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and 1 mg/l Indole Acetic acid (IAA) was found optimum for regeneration, multiplication
and in vitro conservation of plantlets. After 3 years of in vitro conservation regenerants were transplanted to field and
assessed for drug yielding potential through evaluation of curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil contents of rhizomes and
leaves. One year of field grown tissue culture derived turmeric were found uniform in all the characteristics examined, when
compared with those grown conventionally. Micropropagated turmeric showing stable drug yielding potential also proved to have
genetic basis of stability as revealed by RAPD based molecular profiling. 相似文献
2.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were applied to assess the genetic
stability of micropropagated olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Maurino) plants regenerated by axillary buds. Initial olive explants, isolated from one donor tree, were multiplied
on Murashige and Skoog medium for 12 repeated subcultures. A total of 40 RAPD and 10 ISSR markers resulted in 301 distinct
and reproducible band classes showing homogeneous RAPD and ISSR patterns. The amplification products revealed genetic stability
among the micropropagated plants and between them and the donor plant. The results demonstrate the genetic stability of nine
year old mature micropropagated olive plants cultured in field, and corroborated the fact that axillary multiplication is
the safest mode for multiplication of true to type plants. 相似文献
3.
Tui Ray Indrajit Dutta Prasenjit Saha Sampa Das S.C. Roy 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,85(1):11-21
An efficient micropropagation protocol produced large number of plants of the three elite banana (Musa spp.) cultivars Robusta (AAA), Giant Governor (AAA) and Martaman (AAB) from shoot tip meristem. The genetic relationships
and fidelity among the cultivars and micropropagated plants as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple
sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, revealed three somaclonal variants from Robusta and three from Giant Governor. A total of
5330 RAPD and 2741 ISSR fragments were generated with 21 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers in micropropagated plants. The percentage
of polymorphic loci by RAPD and ISSR were found to be 1.75, 5.08 in Robusta and 0.83, 5.0 in Giant Governor respectively.
Among the two marker systems used, ISSR fingerprinting detected more polymorphism than RAPD in Robusta and Giant Governor
with most of the primers showing similar fingerprinting profile, whereas Martaman revealed complete genetic stability. 相似文献
4.
Occurrence of genetic variants during micropropagation is occasionally encountered when the cultures are maintained in vitro for long period. Therefore, the micropropagated multiple shoots of Vanilla planifolia Andrews developed from axillary bud explants established 10 years ago were used to determine somaclonal variation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeats markers (ISSR). One thousand micro-plants were established in soil of which 95 plantlets (consisting of four phenotypes) along with the mother plant were subjected to genetic analyses using RAPD and ISSR markers. Out of the 45 RAPD and 20 ISSR primers screened, 30 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers showed 317 clear, distinct and reproducible band classes resulting in a total of 30 115 bands. However, no difference was observed in banding patterns of any of the samples for a particular primer, indicating the absence of variation among the micropropagated plants. Our results allow us to conclude that the micropropagation protocol that we have used for in vitro proliferation of vanilla plantlets for the last 10 years might be applicable for the production of clonal plants over a considerable period of time. 相似文献
5.
Sunil Kumar Manisha Mangal A. K. Dhawan Narender Singh 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(6):2541-2545
RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) markers were screened to test the genetic
integrity of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plants multiplied through axillary bud multiplication from nodal segments. The in vitro raised plantlets were maintained
for up to 12 in vitro subcultures. During the study a total of 48 (32 RAPD and 16 ISSR) primers were screened, out of which
24 RAPD and 13 ISSR primers produced a total of 191 (126 RAPD and 65 ISSR) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. The
amplified products were monomorphic across all the selected micropropagated plants and were similar to the mother plant. The
micropropagation protocol developed by our group for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate for clonal propagation of
jojoba. The outcome supports the fact that axillary bud multiplication can also be used as one of the safest modes for the
production of true-to-type plants. 相似文献
6.
The increasing utilization of synthetic (encapsulated) seeds for germplasm conservation and propagation necessitates the assessment
of genetic stability of conserved propagules following their plantlet conversion. We have assessed the genetic stability of
synthetic seeds of Cannabis sativa L. during in vitro multiplication and storage for 6 months at different growth conditions using inter simple sequence repeat
(ISSR) DNA fingerprinting. Molecular analysis of randomly selected plants from each batch was conducted using 14 ISSR markers.
Of the 14 primers tested, nine produced 40 distinct and reproducible bands. All the ISSR profiles from in vitro stored plants
were monomorphic and comparable to the mother plant which confirms the genetic stability among the clones. GC analysis of
six major cannabinoids [Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabigerol and cannabinol] showed homogeneity
in the re-grown clones and the mother plant with insignificant differences in cannabinoids content, thereby confirming the
stability of plants derived from synthetic seeds following 6 months storage. 相似文献
7.
8.
Sudipta Jena Asit Ray Ambika Sahoo Suprava Sahoo Basudeba Kar Pratap Chandra Panda Sanghamitra Nayak 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2018,135(3):473-486
A high-frequency clonal propagation protocol was developed for Curcuma angustifolia Roxb., a high valued traditional medicinal plant. Axillary bud explants of C. angustifolia were explanted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 4.4–22.2 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA), 2.9–5.7 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 2.3–23.2 µM kinetin (Kin), 2.7–5.4 µM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 67.8-271.5 µM adenine sulphate (Ads) in different combinations. The maximum number of shoots per explants (14.1?±?0.55) and roots per shoot (7.6?±?0.47) was achieved on media containing 13.3 µM BA, 5.7 µM IAA and 135.7 µM Ads. Stability in phytomedicinal yield potential of micropropagated plants was assessed through GC–MS and HPTLC. Gas chromatogram of essential oil of conventional and micropropagated plants of C. angustifolia had similar essential oil profile. HPTLC analysis of rhizome extracts of in vitro and field grown plants revealed no significant differences in the fingerprint pattern and in curcumin content. Genetic integrity of in vitro and field grown derived plants were evaluated with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers and flow cytometry using Glycine max as an internal standard. A total of 1260 well resolved bands were generated by 12 ISSR primers showing monomorphic banding patterns across all plants analyzed. The mean 2C DNA content of conventionally and micropropagated plant was estimated to be 2.26 pg and 2.31 pg, respectively. As no somaclonal variations were detected in tissue culture plantlets, the present micropropagation protocol could be applied for in vitro conservation and large-scale production of C. angustifolia. 相似文献
9.
Savita Bisht Georg Feldmann Sheetal Soni Rajani Ravi Collins Karikar Amarnath Maitra Anirban Maitra 《Journal of nanobiotechnology》2007,5(1):3-18
Background
Curcumin, a yellow polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has potent anti-cancer properties as demonstrated in a plethora of human cancer cell line and animal carcinogenesis models. Nevertheless, widespread clinical application of this relatively efficacious agent in cancer and other diseases has been limited due to poor aqueous solubility, and consequently, minimal systemic bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery approaches have the potential for rendering hydrophobic agents like curcumin dispersible in aqueous media, thus circumventing the pitfalls of poor solubility. 相似文献10.
Sushma Verma Shweta Singh Suresh Sharma S. K. Tewari R. K. Roy A. K. Goel T. S. Rana 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2015,21(2):233-242
Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric, is one of the economically and medicinally important plant species. It is predominantly cultivated in the tropical and sub tropical countries. India is the largest producer, and exporter of turmeric in the world, followed by China, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Thailand. In the present study, Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), methods were used to estimate the genetic variability in indigenous turmeric germplasm. Cumulative data analysis for DAMD (15) and ISSR (13) markers resulted into 478 fragments, out of which 392 fragments were polymorphic, revealing 82 % polymorphism across the turmeric genotypes. Wide range of pairwise genetic distances (0.03–0.59) across the genotypes revealed that these genotypes are genetically quite diverse. The UPGMA dendrogram generated using cumulative data showed significant relationships amongst the genotypes. All 29 genotypes studied grouped into two clusters irrespective of their geographical affiliations with 100 % bootstrap value except few genotypes, suggesting considerable diversity amongst the genotypes. These results suggested that the current collection of turmeric genotypes preserve the vast majority of natural variations. The results further demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of DAMD and ISSR markers in determining the genetic diversity and relationships among the indigenous turmeric germplasm. DAMD and ISSR profiling have identified diverse turmeric genotypes, which could be further utilized in various genetic improvement programmes including conventional as well as marker assisted breeding towards development of new and desirable turmeric genotypes. 相似文献
11.
S. Siju K. Dhanya S. Syamkumar B. Sasikumar T. E. Sheeja A. I. Bhat V. A. Parthasarathy 《Molecular biotechnology》2010,44(2):140-147
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were used for the screening of type and frequency of Class I (hypervariable) simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total
of 231 microsatellite repeats were detected from 12,593 EST sequences of turmeric after redundancy elimination. The average
density of Class I SSRs accounts to one SSR per 17.96 kb of EST. Mononucleotides were the most abundant class of microsatellite
repeat in turmeric ESTs followed by trinucleotides. A robust set of 17 polymorphic EST–SSRs were developed and used for evaluating
20 turmeric accessions. The number of alleles detected ranged from 3 to 8 per loci. The developed markers were also evaluated
in 13 related species of C. longa confirming high rate (100%) of cross species transferability. The polymorphic microsatellite markers generated from this
study could be used for genetic diversity analysis and resolving the taxonomic confusion prevailing in the genus. 相似文献
12.
Basudeba Kar Ananya Kuanar Sikha Singh Sujata Mohanty Raj Kumar Joshi Enketeswara Subudhi Sanghamitra Nayak 《Plant Growth Regulation》2014,72(1):59-66
Leaf of turmeric contains an essential oil used extensively in perfumery, pharmaceuticals and aromatherapy. Five somaclones were induced in turmeric on MS media with varying amounts of plant growth regulators. All somaclones were subsequently transferred to the field. Essential oil was extracted from leaves of in vitro and ex vitro grown plants and subjected to quantitative and qualitative evaluation. A positive correlation was established between the leaf oil content and oil constituent of in vitro grown and field transferred somaclones. Somaclones (C2, C4, C5) containing 0.16–0.18 % oil in vitro retained normal oil content (0.48–0.5 %) in the field. Similarly in vitro grown somaclones C3 and C7 with 0.36 and 0.25 % oil content retained proportionately increased oil yields of 1 % and 0.76 under ex vitro condition. GC–MS analysis of the oil revealed similar spectrum of constituents both among in vitro and ex vitro grown plants with alpha-phellandrene as major one. Thus the novel method of in vitro screening could be applied for rapid identification of high essential oil yielding turmeric genotypes thereby reducing labour, cost and time required in conventional ex vitro screening of somaclones. 相似文献
13.
Jagesh K. Tiwari Poonam Chandel Shruti Gupta Jai Gopal B. P. Singh Vinay Bhardwaj 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2013,19(4):587-595
The genetic stability of in vitro propagated potato microtubers was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Microtubers were developed through in vitro from potato microplants using standardized protocols. The microtubers were conserved for 1 year under three different culture media and consequently microplants were regenerated for the DNA analyses. During the study, a total of 38 (10 RAPD, 11 ISSR, 12 SSR and 5 AFLP) primers produced a total of 407 (58 RAPD, 56 ISSR, 96 SSR and 197 AFLP) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. Cluster analysis revealed 100 % genetic similarity among the mother plant and its derivatives within the clusters by SSR, ISSR and RAPD analyses, whereas AFLP analysis revealed from 85 to 100 % genetic similarity. Dendrogram analysis based on the Jaccard’s coefficient classified the genotypes into five clusters (I–V), each cluster consisting of mother plant and its derivatives. Principal component analysis (PCA) also plotted mother plant and its genotypes of each cluster together. Based on our results, it is concluded that AFLP is the best method followed by SSR, ISSR and RAPD to detect genetic stability of in vitro conserved potato microtubers. The in vitro conservation medium (T2) is a safe method for conservation of potato microtubers to produce true-to-type plans. 相似文献
14.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(10):5931-5936
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous plant of the ginger family Zingiberaceae that is usually dried and ground into powder for use as a seasoning. Because turmeric has become increasingly popular in the functional food market, adulteration of C. longa by other turmeric species is becoming an increasingly significant problem. In this study, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed for the detection of C. longa DNA for turmeric authentication. ITS2-26S rDNA was used for the LAMP primer designation. The results demonstrated that the specific primers exhibited high specificity, authenticated C. longa DNA within 30 min at 65 °C isothermally and had no cross-reaction with other adulterants. LAMP was sensitive to 0.1 ng of turmeric C. longa DNA, and only 0.01% of C. longa turmeric powder in the sample was required for DNA amplification. The sensitivity of LAMP was 10-fold higher than that of PCR (0.1%) from a previous report. Moreover, all the collected commercial turmeric products were positively detected by LAMP and RtF-LAMP (real-time fluorescence LAMP). The developed LAMP assay not only had higher specificity and rapidity than that of other methods but could also be applied to authenticate turmeric to prevent adulteration in food products. 相似文献
15.
R. Devarumath S. Nandy V. Rani S. Marimuthu N. Muraleedharan S. Raina 《Plant cell reports》2002,21(2):166-173
An efficient in vitro propagation method using enhanced axillary branching cultures produced plants from nodal explants of three mature, elite tea clones: diploid UPASI 26 and UPASI 27 (2n=2x=30) representing Camellia sinensis (China type) and triploid UPASI 3 (2n=3x=45) representing C. assamica ssp. assamica (Assam-India type). The genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants of these three tea clones was assessed by analysing their nuclear, mitochondrial (mt), and chloroplast (cp) genomes using multiple molecular DNA markers. A total of 465, 446 and 462 genetic loci were produced with RFLP, RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting in the micropropagated plants and the corresponding mother plant of C. sinensis clone U (UPASI) 26, and C. assamica ssp. assamica clones U3 and U27, respectively. RFLP fingerprinting was performed using six restriction endonuclease digests and 14 mt and cp gene probes in 84 enzyme-probe combinations. For PCR fingerprinting, 50 RAPD and SSR primers were used for amplifications. The micropropagated plants of both the U3 and U27 clones revealed complete stability in the 462 and 446 genetic loci analysed. In comparison, 36 (7.7%) of the 465 loci were polymorphic among micropropagated plants of the U26 clone. The observed polymorphic loci were not restricted to a particular genome (nuclear or organellar), although a relatively low (7.43%) level of polymorphism was observed in the nuclear as compared to the mt genome (16.3%). ISSR fingerprinting (12.8%) detected more polymorphic loci than RAPD fingerprinting (4.28%). No polymorphism was observed in the cp genome of the micropropagated plants of the three tea clones. The rigorous screening of nuclear and two organellar genomes has demonstrated, for the first time, subtle genetic variation at the DNA sequence level in organized meristem-derived micropropagated plants of tea. Clearly, this is another example demonstrating that organized meristem cultures are not always genetically true-to-type. The genomic changes in tea clones are genotype dependent rather than culture condition dependent. 相似文献
16.
Nitish Kumar Arpan R. Modi Amritpal S. Singh Bhavesh B. Gajera Armi R. Patel Mukesh P. Patel Naraynan Subhash 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2010,16(2):207-213
RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) markers assay were employed to validate the genetic stability of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants multiplied through somatic embryogenesis with upto forty two in vitro subcultures. Out of the 160 RAPD and 21 ISSR primers screened, 30 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers produced a total of 347 (246 RAPDs + 101 ISSRs) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons, which were monomorphic across all micropropagated plants (27) studied. Thus, a total 8592 bands (number of plants analysed x number of amplicons with all the primers) were generated which exhibited homogeneous banding patterns with both RAPD and ISSR markers. These results indicate that the micropropagation protocol developed by us for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate and suitable for clonal propagation of date palm and corroborated the fact that somatic embryogenesis can also be used as one of the safest modes for production of true-to-type plants. 相似文献
17.
Mukesh Mandal Pawan Jaiswal Awanish Mishra 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2020,34(6)
Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol and major constituent of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), is extensively used as a spice in Asian countries. For ages, turmeric has been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases, which was possible because of its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antiepileptic, antidepressant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects. Curcumin has potent antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurotrophic activities, which support its plausible neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is limited information available regarding the clinical efficacy of curcumin in neurodegenerative cases. The low oral bioavailability of curcumin may be speculated as a plausible factor that limits its effects in humans. Therefore, utilization of several approaches for the enhancement of bioavailability may improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology and a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The present review is designed to summarize the molecular mechanisms pertaining to the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and its nanoformulations. 相似文献
18.
Correlation between the Chemical and Genetic Relationships among Thymus saturejoides Genotypes Cultured under in vitro and in vivo Environments 下载免费PDF全文
Aicha Nordine Sripada M. Udupa Driss Iraqi Khalid Meksem Mohamed Hmamouchi Abdelmalek ElMeskaoui 《化学与生物多样性》2016,13(4):387-394
In this study, the in vitro and in vivo essential oil (EO) composition and genetic variability in six micropropagated genotypes of Thymus saturejoides Coss ., a Mediterranean medicinal and aromatic plant, were analyzed by GC/MS and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Yield and composition of the EO varied between genotypes. Cluster analysis based on RAPD data and EO grouped the six genotypes in three groups in both culture conditions, thus showing considerable intraspecific genetic and chemical variations. Applying the Mantel test, the result showed a significant correlation between the two proximity matrices RAPD and EO obtained from in vitro genotypes, whereas this correlation was not observed when using the EO obtained from the in vivo genotypes. 相似文献
19.
Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), is extracted from the plant Curcuma longa. It was recently reported for its anticancer effect on several types of cancer cells in vitro however, the molecular mechanisms
of this anticancer effect are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on human mammary
epithelial carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Cells were treated with curcumin and examined for cell viability by MTT assay. The cells
invasion was demonstrated by transwell assay. The binding activity of NF-κB to DNA was examined in nuclear extracts using
Trans-AM NF-κB ELISA kit. Western blot was performed to detect the effect of curcumin on the expression of uPA. Our results
showed that curcumin dose-dependently inhibited (P < 0.05) the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Meanwhile, the adhesion and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells were sharply inhibited
when treated with different concentrations of curcumin. Curcumin also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of uPA and NF-κB DNA binding activity, respectively. It is concluded that curcumin inhibits the adhesion
and invasion of MCF-7 cells through down-regulating the protein expression of uPA via of NF-κB activation. Accordingly, the
therapeutic potential of curcumin for breast cancer deserves further study. 相似文献
20.
Lakshmanan Venkatachalam R. V. Sreedhar Neelwarne Bhagyalakshmi 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,51(3):193-205
Use of high levels of growth regulators during micropropagation results in undesirable clonal variability in important commercial
crops such as banana. The present study investigated the effects of high levels of cytokinins on micropropagation in banana
(genotype AAB), and the genetic stability of plantlets was assessed using RAPD and ISSR markers. Cytokinins, such as BA and
kinetin were added to the routine shoot multiplication medium at concentrations up to 10 mg l−1. After 12 weeks of culture involving three subcultures, the maximum number of shoot buds were produced in cultures receiving
either 5 mg l−1 BA (80 shoot buds) or 4 mg l−1 kinetin (62 shoot buds). Certain morphological abnormalities observed during proliferation of shoot buds in vitro were not
observed during acclimatization ex vitro. To check the genetic stability, RAPD and ISSR profiles of micropropagated plantlets
obtained from different cytokinin-treatments were compared with control microplants maintained on MS medium as well as the
field-grown mother plant. A total of 50 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers resulted in 625 distinct and reproducible bands. Thus a total
of 17,400 bands were generated showing homogeneous RAPD and ISSR patterns. Band intensity histogram of each gel confirmed
their monomorphic nature with no genetic variation in all the plantlets analysed. Based on these results a protocol for high
rate shoot multiplication was worked out leading to uniform shoot production. 相似文献