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1.
Abhay Raj Ram Chandra M.M.K. Reddy Hemant J. Purohit Atya Kapley 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(6):793-799
A kraft lignin-degrading bacterium (ITRC S
7
) was isolated from sludge of pulp and paper mill and characterized as Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus by biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. The bacterium did not utilize kraft lignin (KL) as the sole source of carbon
and energy. However, this strain reduced the color (58%) and lignin content (43%) from kraft lignin-mineral salt medium when
supplemented with glucose at pH 7.6 and 30°C after 6 days. The degradation on addition of glucose in culture medium is clear
evidence of co-metabolism of KL by A. aneurinilyticus. The analysis of lignin degradation products by GC-MS in ethyl acetate extract from an A. aneurinilyticus-inoculated sample revealed the formation of low molecular weight aromatic compounds such as guaiacol, acetoguaiacone, gallic
acid and ferulic acid, indicating that the bacterium can oxidize of the sinapylic (G units) and coniferylic (S units) alcohol
units which are the basic moieties that build the hardwood lignin structure. The low molecular weight aromatic compounds identified
in extracts of the inoculated sample favors the idea of biochemical modification of the KL to a single aromatic unit. 相似文献
2.
Eight bacterial strains were isolated on kraft lignin (KL) containing mineral salt medium (L-MSM) agar with glucose and peptone
from the sludge of pulp and paper mill. Out of these, ITRC-S8 was selected for KL degradation, because of its fast growth
at highest tested KL concentration and use of various lignin-related low molecular weight aromatic compounds (LMWACs) as sole
source of carbon and energy. The bacterium was identified by biochemical tests as Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile.
Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed 95% base sequence homology and it was identified as Bacillus sp. In batch experiments, a decrease in pH was observed initially followed by an increase till it reached an alkaline pH,
which did not alter the culture growth significantly. The bacterium reduced the colour and KL content of 500 mg l−1 KL in MSM, in the presence of glucose and peptone, at pH 7.6, temperature 30°C, agitation of 120 rpm and 6 days of incubation
by 65 and 37% respectively. Significant reduction in colour and KL content in subsequent incubations is indicative of a co-metabolism
mechanism, possibly due to initial utilization of added co-substrates for energy followed by utilization of KL as a co-metabolic.
The degradation of KL by bacterium was confirmed by GC-MS analysis indicating formation of several LMWACs such as t-cinnamic acid, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde and ferulic acid as degradation products, which were not present in the control
(uninoculated) sample. This favours the idea of biochemical modification of the KL polymer to a single monomer unit. 相似文献
3.
Aims: The aim was to obtain evidences for lignin degradation by unicellular bacterium Comamonas sp. B‐9. Methods and Results: Comamonas sp. B‐9 was inoculated into kraft lignin‐mineral salt medium (KL‐MSM) at pH 7·0 and 30°C for 7 days of incubation. The bacterial growth, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, secretion of ligninolytic enzymes and productions of low‐molecular‐weight compounds revealed that Comamonas sp. B‐9 was able to degrade kraft lignin (KL). COD in KL‐MSM reduced by 32% after 7 days of incubation. The maximum activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) of 2903·2 U l?1 and laccase (Lac) of 1250 U l?1 were observed at 4th and 6th day, respectively. The low‐molecular‐weight compounds such as ethanediol, 3, 5‐dimethyl‐benzaldehyde and phenethyl alcohol were formed in the degradation of KL by Comamonas sp. B‐9 based on GC‐MS analysis. Conclusions: This study confirmed that Comamonas sp. B‐9 could utilize KL as a sole carbon source and degrade KL to low‐molecular‐weight compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study: Comamonas sp. B‐9 may be useful in the utilization and bioconversion of lignin and lignin‐derived aromatic compounds in biotechnological applications. Meanwhile, using Comamonas sp. B‐9 in treatment of wastewater in pulp and paper industry is a meaningful work. 相似文献
4.
Lam Hoang Gil-Jae Joo Won-Chan Kim So-Young Jeon Sun-Ha Choi Joung-Woong Kim In-Koo Rhee Jong-Moon Hur Kyung-Sik Song 《Plant Growth Regulation》2005,47(2-3):149-154
The ethyl acetate extract of the Bacillus sp. EJ-121 culture broth exhibited growth inhibitory activity on a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings assay. Bacillus sp. EJ-121 was identified as Bacillus cereus by the morphological characteristic and nucleotide sequence of the 16S rDNA. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl
acetate extract led to the isolation of two compounds. Their structures were deduced by spectroscopic methods and determined
as sodium vanillate (1) and 2-aminobenzoic acid (2). Both compounds 1 and 2 inhibited more than 90% of root length at 50 ppm (0.26 and 0.36 mM, respectively) while they had a limited effect on shoot
growth at the same concentration level. Roots and shoots of lettuce seedlings showed severe deterioration at 100 ppm. In order
to study the fundamental structure–activity relationship, several structurally related benzoic acid derivatives were also
assayed. The existence of a polar carboxyl moiety seemed to be responsible for the stronger activity. 相似文献
5.
Pepi M Heipieper HJ Fischer J Ruta M Volterrani M Focardi SE 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2008,12(3):343-349
Bacillus sp. ORAs2 and Pseudomonas sp. ORAs5, two arsenic-resistant bacterial strains previously isolated from sediments of the Orbetello Lagoon, Italy, were
tested for their adaptation to mixed contaminants on the level of membrane fatty acid composition. The two bacterial strains
were characterized by high levels of arsenic resistance, and Pseudomonas sp. ORAs5 was also shown to be solvent-tolerant. The bacterial strains were exposed to mixtures of two toxic compounds: arsenic
at fixed concentrations and toluene in variable amounts or, alternatively, toluene at constant values along with arsenic added
at variable concentrations. Both strains react to the contaminants by changing the composition of their membrane fatty acids.
Bacillus sp. strain ORAs2 showed a correlation between growth rate decreases and fatty acids degree of saturation increases in both
cases, although pointedly in the presence of 1, 2, and 3 mM of toluene and different additions of arsenic, counteracting membranes
fluidity induced by toxic compounds. In Pseudomonas sp. ORAs5, adaptive changes in membrane composition was observed both in terms of increases in the degree of saturation and
in the trans/cis ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of varying toluene and constant arsenic concentrations, whereas only minor
changes occurred with increasing arsenic and constant toluene concentrations. Thus, on the level of membrane composition,
Bacillus sp. ORAs2 showed a higher potential for adaptation to the presence of mixed pollutants, suggesting its probable suitability
for bioremediation purposes. 相似文献
6.
Onsiri Siripan Arinthip Thamchaipenet 《International journal of phytoremediation》2018,20(11):1096-1105
Phytoextraction is a technique using a hyperaccumulator to remove heavy metals from soil. The efficiency of heavy metal uptake can be enhanced by the inoculation of endophytes. In this study, we isolated and identified 23 endophytes from Chromolaena odorata, a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator that consisted of 19 bacteria, 2 actinomycetes and 2 fungi. All bacteria and fungi could produce at least 1 plant growth promoting factors. However, only 4 bacterial isolates; Paenibacillus sp. SB12, Bacillus sp. SB31, Bacillus sp. LB51, and Alcaligenes sp. RB54 showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (2.9 mM), followed by Exiguobacterium sp.RB51 (1.7 mM). Then, these 5 high-MIC bacteria and 1 low-MIC bacterium, Bacillus sp. LB15 were inoculated onto sunflower grown in soil supplemented with 250 mg/kg of Cd. After 60 days, all inoculated plants accumulated significantly higher Cd concentration than the non-inoculated counterparts, and those inoculated with strain LB51 showed the highest Cd accumulation and growth. Interestingly, strain LB15 with low MIC also enhanced Cd accumulation in plants. The results suggest that these bacteria, particularly strain LB51, could be applied to improve Cd accumulation in plants, and that bacteria with low MIC also have the potential to enhance the efficiency of phytoextraction. 相似文献
7.
A bacterial strain capable of utilizing phenanthrene as sole source of carbon was isolated from soil and identified as a
Bacillus sp. The organism also utilized naphthalene, biphenyl, anthracene, and other aromatic compounds as growth substrates. The
organism degraded phenanthrene through the intermediate formation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, which was further metabolized
via o-phthalate by a protocatechuate pathway, as evidenced by oxygen uptake and enzymatic studies.
Received: 1 December 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000 相似文献
8.
Five bacterial strains were isolated and purified (CSA101 to CSA105) from the sediment core of the effluent released from the Century Pulp and Paper Mill Ltd., India. These strains were grown in minimal salt medium (MSM) containing pulp (10% as a carbon source). The production of lignin peroxidase, CMCase, Fpase, and xylanase together with protein and reducing sugar by all bacterial strains was observed. All of the bacterial isolates responded differently with respect to growth and ligninocellulolytic enzyme production. The maximum lignin peroxidase (LiP) was obtained from the cell extract of Bacillus sp. (CSA105) strain, which was used for purification, fractionation and characterization. The culture filtrate from Bacillus sp. (CSA105) was purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation. Crude protein was desalted by dialyzing with Tris buffer. The lignolytic enzyme produced in the liquid medium was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. In the present study, 12.4-fold purification of LiP enzyme was obtained and 35.85% yield of lignin peroxidase was achieved in the cell extract of Bacillus sp. (CSA105). Lignin peroxidase enzyme plays an important role in lignin degradation process. The ligninolytic enzymes were produced by all of the bacterial strains but maximum lignin peroxidase activity was found in cell extract of CSA105. On the basis of the results obtained, the bacterial strain (CSA105) was found most suitable for the purification of the LiP enzyme. 相似文献
9.
M. Senthilkumar K. Swarnalakshmi V. Govindasamy Young Keun Lee K. Annapurna 《Current microbiology》2009,58(4):288-293
A total of 137 bacterial isolates from surface sterilized root, stem, and nodule tissues of soybean were screened for their
antifungal activity against major phytopathogens like Rhizoctonia bataticola,
Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium udam, and Sclerotium rolfsii. Nine bacterial endophytes suppressed the pathogens under in vitro plate assay. These were characterized biochemically and
identified at the genus level based on their partial sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Eight of the isolates belonged to Bacillus and one to Paenibacillus. The phylogenetic relationship among the selected isolates was studied and phylogenetic trees were generated. The selected
isolates were screened for biocontrol traits like production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophore, hydrolytic enzymes, antibiotics,
and plant growth promoting traits like indole 3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation. A
modified assessment scheme was used to select the most efficient biocontrol isolates Paenibacillus sp. HKA-15 (HKA-15) and Bacillus sp. HKA-121 (HKA-121) as potential candidates for charcoal rot biocontrol as well as soybean plant growth promotion. 相似文献
10.
Strains Paenibacillus sp. BP-23 and Bacillus sp. BP-7, previously isolated from soil from a rice field, secreted high levels of pectinase activity in media supplemented with pectin. Production of pectinases in strain Paenibacillus sp. BP-23 showed catabolite repression, while in Bacillus sp. BP-7 production of pectin degrading enzymes was not negatively affected by glucose. The two strains showed lyase activities as the predominant pectinases, while hydrolase activity was very low. Analysis of Paenibacillus sp. BP-23 in SDS–polyacrylamide gels and zymograms showed five pectinase activity bands. The strict requirement of Ca2+ for lyase activity of the strain indicates that correspond to pectate lyases. For Bacillus sp. BP-7, zymograms showed four bands of different size. The strain showed a Ca2+ requirement for lyase activity on pectate but not on pectin, indicating that the pectinolytic system of Bacillus sp. BP-7 is comprised of pectate lyases and pectin lyases. The results show differences in pectin degrading systems between the two aerobic sporogenous bacterial strains studied. 相似文献
11.
Ola Tolba J. A. Philip Earle B. Cherie Millar Paul J. Rooney John E. Moore 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(12):1805-1808
Phenotypic speciation of foodborne Bacillus spp. remains problematic in terms of obtaining a reliable identification. In this study, we wished to identify several bacterial
isolates from honey produced in Northern Ireland, and which belonged to the genus Bacillus, through employment of a molecular identification scheme based on PCR amplification of universal regions of the 16S rRNA
operon in combination with direct automated sequencing of the resulting amplicons. Seven samples of honey and related materials
(propolis) were examined microbiologically and were demonstrated to have total viable counts (TVC) ranging from <100 to 1700
colony-forming units/g. No yeasts or filamentous fungi were isolated from the honey materials. Several bacterial isolates
were identified using this method, yielding two different genera (Paenibacillus and Bacillus), as well as four Bacillus species, namely Bacillus pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis and B. fusiformis, with B. pumilus the most frequently identified species present. When the use of molecular identification methods is justified, employment
of partial 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing provides a valuable and reliable method of identification of Bacillus spp. from foodstuffs and negates associated problems of conventional laboratory and phenotypic identification. 相似文献
12.
Synthetic extreme environments: overlooked sources of potential biotechnologically relevant microorganisms
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Synthetic extreme environments like carwash effluent tanks and drains are potential sources of biotechnologically important microorganisms and molecules which have, however, remained unexplored. Using culture‐ and molecular‐based methods, a total of 17 bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Shewanella, Proteus, Paenibacillus, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Pantoea were identified. Hydrocarbon utilization and enzyme production screening assays showed that Aeromonas sp. CAC11, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13 and Citrobacter sp. PCW7 were able to degrade benzanthracene, naphthalene and diesel oil, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13 could produce cellulase enzyme, while Proteus sp. BPS2, Pseudomonas sp. SAS8 and Proteus sp. CAL3 could produce lipase. GC‐MS analysis of bacterial secondary metabolites resulted in identification of 107 different compounds produced by Proteus sp. BPS2, Paenibacillus sp. CAC12, Pseudomonas sp. SAS8, Proteus sp. CAL3 and Paenibacillus sp. CAC13. Most of the compounds identified by both GC‐MS and LC‐MS have previously been determined to have antibacterial, antifungal and/or anticancer properties. Further, microbial metabolites which have previously been known to be produced only by plants or microorganisms found in natural extreme environments were also identified in this study. This research has revealed the immense bioresource potential of microorganisms inhabiting synthetic extreme environments. 相似文献
13.
A. Ambrosini T. Stefanski B.B. Lisboa A. Beneduzi L.K. Vargas L.M.P. Passaglia 《The Annals of applied biology》2016,168(1):93-110
The nitrogen fixation by strains belonging to the Bacillus genus remains poorly explored. In this work, the diversity of endospore‐forming bacilli isolated from the rhizosphere of sunflower was evaluated. A total of 101 strains were identified based on the V1‐V2 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Strains belonging to the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus represented 41.6% and 58.4%, respectively, of total isolates. The production of indolic compounds was a common trait among the isolates, and approximately 75% of them exhibited positive nitrogenase activity; but only 9.2% displayed activities higher than 1 nmol C2H4 mg protein h?1. Within the genus Bacillus, the isolates related to the B. cereus group displayed the highest nitrogenase activity and were the second most frequent group of Bacillus sp. isolated. Plants inoculated with the isolate B38V showed the highest N content, and their shoot dry weights were significantly increased compared with positive control. Our results indicated that B38V, which belongs to the B. mycoides species, has the potential to promote sunflower growth. The data obtained in this study provide additional information concerning the diversity of Gram‐positive diazotrophic within the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus and their potential for the biofertilisation of sunflower crops. 相似文献
14.
Yun Sook Kim Dae-Sung Lee Seong-Yun Jeong Woe Jae Lee Myung-Suk Lee 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2009,47(1):9-18
A bacterial strain named AB-4 showing algicidal activity against Chattonella marina was isolated from coastal water of ULjin, Republic of Korea. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus sp. by culture morphology, biochemical reactions, and homology research based on 16S rDNA. The bacterial culture led to the
lysis of algal cells, suggesting that the isolated strain produced a latent algal-lytic compound. Amongst changes in algicidal
activity by different culture filtrate volumes, the 10% (100 μl/ml) concentration showed the biggest change in algicidal activity;
there, estimated algicidal activity was 95%. The swimming movements of Chattonella marina cells were inhibited because of treatment of the bacterial culture; subsequently, Chattonella marina cells became swollen and rounded. With longer exposure time, algal cells were disrupted and cellular components lost their
integrity and decomposed. The released algicide(s) were heat-tolerant and stable in pH variations, except pH 3, 4, and 5.
Culture filtrate of Bacillus sp. AB-4 was toxic against harmful algae bloom (HAB) species and nontoxic against livefood organisms. Bacillus sp. AB-4 showed comparatively strong activity against Akashiwo sanguinea, Fibriocapsa japonica, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. These results suggest that the algicidal activity of Bacillus sp. AB-4 is potentially useful for controlling outbreaks of Chattonella marina. 相似文献
15.
Summary Lignin degrading bacteria were isolated directly by an enrichment culture technique using an industrial kraft lignin (Indulin AT) as the sole carbon source. The lignin degrading ability of these isolates was assayed in pure cultures. One strain (Aeromonas sp.) had degraded 98% of the lignin (1 g/l) after 5 days of incubation. Different genera have been identified including Corynebacterium, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, but also Klebsiella and Enterobacter. These strains were also able to assimilate different phenolic compounds considered as lignin related simple monomers. 相似文献
16.
Sequence analysis of a Bacillus sp. BP-7 recombinant clone coding for a previously described carboxylesterase revealed the presence of an additional ORF with homology to bacterial hydroxycinnamic acid decarboxylases. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the encoded enzyme revealed the presence of a single, highly conserved domain of 161 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 19,143 Da and a pI of 5.5. Crude cell extracts from the recombinant clone displayed activity on ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, with no need for added cofactors. The cloned enzyme, named PadA, displayed maximum activity at 40°C and pH 5.5, being stable over a broad range of pH and up to 45°C. HPLC analysis of the products of catalysis revealed the conversion of phenolic acids to their aromatic 4-vinyl derivatives, with no accumulation of other by-products. PadA was found as a homodimer in the parental Bacillus sp. BP-7 strain and its expression was induced by both hydroxycinnamic acids and their corresponding derivative products. The results obtained suggest that the enzyme could be involved in a stress response for conversion of toxic hydroxycinnamic acids released after plant cell wall degradation. 相似文献
17.
Sikandar I. Mulla Robertcyril S. Hoskeri Yogesh S. Shouche Harichandra Z. Ninnekar 《Biodegradation》2011,22(1):95-102
A bacterial consortium capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil samples
by selective enrichment on 2-nitrotoluene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The three different bacterial isolates obtained
from bacterial consortium were identified as Bacillus sp. (A and C), Bacillus flexus (B) and Micrococcus sp. (D) on the basis of their morphological and biochemical characteristics and by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA
gene sequences. The pathway for the degradation of 2-nitrotoluene by Micrococcus sp. strain SMN-1 was elucidated by the isolation and identification of metabolites, growth and enzymatic studies. The organism
degraded 2-nitrotoluene through 3-methylcatechol by a meta-cleavage pathway, with release of nitrite. 相似文献
18.
Faezi Ghasemi Mohammad Tayeri Alireza 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(9):1327-1332
Sixteen aerobic endospore-forming Bacillus spp. were isolated from fully fermented tea leaf samples from 10 tea factories in Lahijan and Langrod cities (Gillan province,
Iran). Bacillus spp. isolates were characterized using phenotypic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and cellular fatty acid (CFA)
patterns. Based on the data obtained, five isolates of tea Bacillus spp. (TB): TB2, TB4, TB6, TB10 and TB12 belonged to the species B. subtilis. Two isolates, TB1 and TB14 were recognized as B.
licheniformis. Two Bacillus spp. isolates, TB9 and TB 16 were identified as B. sphaericus. Two isolates, TB5 and TB13 were shown to be B. pumilus. Two isolates, TB7 and TB15 belonged to B. cereus. Amongst the isolates, Bacillus sp. TB3, Bacillus sp. TB8 and Bacillus sp. TB11 showed different phenotypic traits, distinct antibiotic sensitivity and fatty acid profiles, and they may represent
novel species. The isolates showed polyphenol oxidase (tyrosinase) and peroxidase activities. The highest polyphenol oxidase
and peroxidase activities were observed for Bacillus sp. TB3 and B. licheniformis TB14, respectively, where values of 5.48 and 3.73 units mL−1 were observed. 相似文献
19.
Chun-Han Ko Chung-Hung Tsai Jenn TuBing-Yuan Yang Dong-Lin HsiehWann-Neng Jane Tzenge-Lien Shih 《International biodeterioration & biodegradation》2011,65(2):334-339
A Paenibacillus sp. strain 2S-6 was isolated from the black liquor of the first brownstock washing stage of kraft pulping process and identified by its 16S rDNA sequence. This bacterial strain utilized a variety of saccharides and polysaccharides as carbon source, but neither lignin nor lipids. Crude xylanase from Paenibacillus sp. 2S-6 was produced in a 5 L laboratory fermenter at 37 °C, pH 7. After 24 h, up to 10.5 IU xylanase per mg of protein in the crude extract of fermentation broth was obtained. After two-stage ultrafiltration, the optimal activity of partially purified xylanase reached 60.51 IU/mg at 50 °C, pH 6. A major band indicating molecular weight of 33 kDa was shown on SDS-PAGE for the partially purified xylanase. After 4 h at 60 °C, 48.99% and 31.25% residual xylanase activities were demonstrated at pH 7 and 9, respectively. Efficacy of its xylanase on the bleaching agent saving was demonstrated by using 5 IU xylanase per gram oven-dried pulp prior to bleaching, referred as biobleaching. Identical levels of brightness and higher levels of viscosity were obtained for the xylanase pretreated eucalypt kraft pulps followed by a 20% reduction of the bleaching agent dosage in the first step of a commercial C70/D30-Eo-D bleaching sequence. 相似文献
20.
Takimura Y Saito K Okuda M Kageyama Y Saeki K Ozaki K Ito S Kobayashi T 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,76(2):395-405
The presence of 11 genes encoding subtilisin-like serine proteases was demonstrated by cloning from the genome of alkaliphilic
Bacillus sp. strain KSM-LD1. This strain exoproduces the oxidatively stable alkaline protease LD-1 (Saeki et al. Curr Microbiol, 47:337–340,
2003). Among the 11 genes, six genes encoding alkaline proteases (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, and LD-1) were expressed in Bacillus hosts. However, the other five genes for subtilisin-like proteases (SF, SG, SH, SI, and SJ) were expressed in neither Bacillus hosts nor Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequences of SA, SB, SC, SF, SG, SH, SI, and SJ showed similarity to those of other subtilisin-like
proteases from Bacillus strains with only 38 to 86% identity. The deduced amino acid sequence of SD was completely identical to that of an oxidatively
stable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. strain SD521, and that of SE was almost identical to that of a high-molecular mass subtilisin from Bacillus sp. strain D-6 with 99.7% identity. There are four to nine subtilisin-like serine protease genes in the reported genomes
of Bacillus strains. At least 11 genes for the enzymes present in the genome of Bacillus sp. strain KSM-LD1, and this is the greatest number identified to date. 相似文献