Isolation and characterisation of 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma dendrolimi. Forty-four microsatellites were isolated from a (TCG)₈-enriched genomic library and characterised. Twenty-six of these loci were polymorphic and could be used for evaluation of the genetic variation of T. dendrolimi.     

Isolation of novel microsatellite markers for the social parasitoid wasp, Copidosoma floridanum (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

We developed and characterized nine microsatellite loci for the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Eight of the nine loci were polymorphic and did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Our results will contribute to studies on the population genetic structure of C. floridanum.     

Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for the parasitic wasp Neotypus melanocephalus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from Neotypus melanocephalus (Gmelin), a parasitoid of the parasitic large blue butterfly Maculinea nausithous. Allelic diversity and heterozygosity were quantified in samples from the Upper Rhine valley in Southwest Germany.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla)

Populations of brown-headed nuthatches (Sitta pusilla) are declining throughout the species range. Here we characterize twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species. Analysis of 32 presumably unrelated individuals from a single population revealed an average of 14.9 alleles per locus (range 4–25), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.74 (range 0.52–0.94) and an average polymorphic information content of 0.80 (range 0.57–0.95). We anticipate that these microsatellite markers will be useful for population genetic and behavioral studies on the brown-headed nuthatch and closely related species.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Primula nutans (Primulaceae)

Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for a perennial seashore plant, Primula nutans. Degenerate oligonucleotide‐primed (DOP)–polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified DNA was ligated to TOPO TA vector and screened with radioactively labelled dinucleotide repeat probes. A sample of 378 individuals from Finland, Norway and Russia were used to characterize those loci, which exhibited two to four alleles per locus with observed heterozygosity of 0.003–0.229 and expected heterozygosity of 0.016–0.527. No linkage disequilibrium was found between these seven loci. These are the first microsatellite markers reported for P. nutans.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the black rockfishSebastes inermis

Black rockfish (Sebastes inermis, Scorpaenidae) is a commercially important fisheries resource in Korea. However, no genetic diversity information is available for wild or released hatchery populations. To study the effects of stock enhancement programs and conservation biology, we developed microsatellite DNA markers fromS. inermis. We report the isolation and characterization of seven microsatellite loci, designated KSi221B, KSi239A, KSi25A, KSi252B, KSi193A, KSi259B, and KSi234, isolated using an enrichment method based on magnetic/biotin capture of microsatellite sequences from a size-selected genomic library. To characterize each locus, 30 individuals from a naturalS. inermis population in Yeosu, Korea, were genotyped. All loci except one, KSi193A, were polymorphic with an average of 9.5 alleles per locus (range 2–20). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.71 (range 0.43–1.00) and 0.76 (range 0.41–0.90), respectively. Significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed at one locus, KSi221B. Such high variability indicates that these microsatellites should provide useful markers for studies of kinship and population genetics.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the endangered Nothotsuga longibracteata (Pinaceae)

Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from an AC‐enriched genomic library of Nothotsuga longibracteata. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 8.3 per locus, ranging from two to 13. The ranges of observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.03–0.97 and 0.09–0.88, respectively. These polymorphic markers provide useful tools for the study of evolutionary history and conservation genetics of N. longibracteata.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite primers for Ceratosolen fusciceps, the fig-pollinating wasp of Ficus racemosa, and amplification in two populations

Ten microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for Ceratosolen fusciceps, the pollinating wasp of Ficus racemosa, based on individuals from Xishuangbanna (China) and Chiangmai (Thailand). High levels of variation were found among loci for both populations; allelic number varied from two to 18 (respectively from two to 22), expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.362 to 0.890 (respectively from 0.430 to 0.930).     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Anthyllis vulneraria

To study the reproductive system of the putative autogamous species Anthyllis vulneraria in Belgian calcareous grasslands, eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed using the sequence‐tagged microsatellite profiling technique and 35 plants were typed for all loci. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci. Over the loci, the number of alleles ranged from two to five. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.053 to 0.688 and from 0.053 to 0.631, respectively. The estimated F_IS values (F_IS = 0.031 and 0.122) are not in accordance with a predominantly selfing reproductive system.     

Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite loci in the paper wasp Polistes rothneyi (Hymenoptera; Vespidae)

We developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Japanese paper wasp Polistes rothneyi using the magnetic particle method. Eight of the 10 loci tested were highly polymorphic, having four to eight alleles in P. rothneyi with an expected heterozygosity of 0.60–0.75. They also appeared to be applicable to other related species such as Polistes jokahamae. These loci can be used to study parameters concerning genetic relatedness such as worker reproduction and kin structure.     

Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers in Aphanius fasciatus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)

The first set of eight polymorphic microsatellites markers was successfully optimized from a partial genomic library enriched for an AC motif of the killifish Aphanius fasciatus Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), a brackish‐water fish widely distributed along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The developed loci proved to be polymorphic, displaying from two to six alleles per locus with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.277 to 0.752. All loci were under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, except Af8 that showed significant heterozygotes deficiency, and there was no evidence of linkage associations between any pair of loci. Markers reported here will be potentially useful in monitoring of genetic population structure in this species.     

Isolation and characterization of eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers of sand lance (Ammodytes personatus)

Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to delineate population structure of Ammodytes personatus. These markers had between 8 and 27 alleles. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.818 to 0.965, whereas the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.441 to 0.886. Five of the eleven markers conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We believe the markers will be useful for genetic diversity study of A. personatus.     

Isolation and characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers from pink conch (Strombus gigas)

Many marine organisms have pelagic larvae, and these are often important agents of dispersal. The larval phase and the multiple paternity that occur in marine gastropods such as Strombus gigas are crucial for the success of this species throughout the Caribbean Sea. To analyse these factors, we developed eight microsatellite loci specific to S. gigas. On the same set of individuals, the microsatellite loci exhibited a greater level of polymorphism than previously studied allozyme markers and thus, will permit fine‐scale analysis and larval pool studies.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the red snow crab (Chionoecetes japonicus)

A total of 12 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were isolated from the red snow crab, Chionoecetes japonicus (Brachyura: Majidae), one of important fisheries resources in the Far East. The number of alleles observed at each locus ranged from two to 19, with the observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.125-0.875 and 0.156-0.949, respectively, suggesting these loci to be a useful molecular marker for population analysis in this species. Of the 12 loci, seven also were available for genotyping of the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, implying these loci as a useful molecular marker in the genus Chionoecetes.     

Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from ladyfish (Elops saurus Linnaeus)

Ladyfish (Elops saurus Linnaeus) is an economically important marine fish species. 76 microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of Elops saurus. Twelve of these markers were polymorphic in a test population with alleles per locus ranging from three to nine. The number of observed, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus in 20 individuals ranged from 0.2000 to 1.0000, 0.1897–0.8846, 0.1769–0.8476, respectively. One markers significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction analysis and there was no significant linkage disequilibrium found between pairs of markers. As a result, 12 microsatellite markers probably should provide sufficient level of genetic diversity to investigate the fine-scale population structure, stock management and enhancement, genetic linkage map construction and molecular marker-assisted breeding in Elops saurus Linnaeus.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from fireweed,Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Asteraceae)

Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from invasive fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) populations in the Hawaiian archipelago. These loci provided markers with polymorphism of six to 24 alleles per locus within 96 individuals collected from two populations from the island of Maui. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.31 to 0.91 and from 0.056 to 1. These markers should be useful to study the importance of genetic diversity in invasion success of this species.