丙型肝炎病毒的细胞入侵和相关受体

丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)入侵细胞的过程由多种细胞受体介导,目前已鉴定出人CD81、SR-BI、LDLr、L-SIGN、DC-SIGN、ASGPR、Claudin-1等为HCV的受体.对HCV入侵机制的研究,有助于对HCV入侵的各个环节进行阻断和干预,从而达到预防或/和治疗的目的.近年来,HCVpp及HCVcc模型的建立为HCV入侵细胞的研究提供了重要平台.该文从HCV细胞入侵的研究模型、HCV的细胞受体和HCV入侵细胞的影响因素三方面,综述HCV细胞入侵的研究进展.     

丙型肝炎病毒侵入细胞需CD81和"清道夫"受体SR-B1等共受体

缺乏有效的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)细胞培养系统是目前研究HCV侵入细胞及其装配机制的主要障碍之一。作者利用其构建的展示HCV包膜糖蛋白E1E2的假型病毒颗粒(HCVpp)对细胞表面CD81和人清道夫受体SR—B1等共受体在HCV侵入细胞中的作用进行了探讨。     

丙型肝炎病毒受体SR-BⅠ的研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是经血液传播而引起急、慢性肝炎的主要致病因子之一,是导致肝硬化、肝细胞癌等终末期肝病的主要原因。位于HCV包膜E2蛋白N端的第1高变区（HVR1）,是介导E2蛋白与B族I型清道夫受体（SR-BⅠ）结合及HCV感染细胞的关键肽段。研究表明,HCV可能利用了SR-BⅠ受体的某些生理功能入侵细胞,进行细胞-细胞间传播。因此,HVR1与SR-BⅠ相互作用的研究除了能深入了解HCV吸附和入侵细胞机制,同时也为治疗和预防HCV感染提供了新的靶点。     

α_1,α_2受体的突触前后定位和亚亚型划分

突触前和突触后都有α_1和α_2受体。对突触前α_1受体的功能有不同看法,可能与突触前α_2受体类似;突触后α_2受体的功能亦与突触后α_1受体类似,但有差别。α_1受体可再划分出高亲和力α_1受体与低亲和力α_1受体:α_(1a)、α_(1b)受体;还有人提出α_(1(?))受体,依赖和不依赖细胞外钙的α_1受体的概念。α_2受体可再划分为低亲和力α_2受体(α_(2L))和高亲和力α_2受体(α_(2H))。     

基底神经节中多巴胺和腺苷受体二聚化及其药理学意义

近年来,大量研究发现G蛋白偶联受体不仅以单体形式,而且以同源或异源二聚体形式存在。腺苷A1受体和多巴胺D1受体以及腺苷A2a受体和多巴胺D2受体分别共存于基底神经节中纹状体向黑质和脚内核投射的神经元以及纹状体向苍白球投射的神经元内。A1／D1、A2a／D2受体形成受体异聚复合体构成了受体一受体之间相互作用的分子基础。腺苷和多巴胺受体之间在细胞水平以及行为水平上拮抗性的相互作用为其在帕金森病、精神分裂症、舞蹈病和药物依赖等疾病的治疗上提供了新的靶向。     

M1胆碱受体选择性别构激动剂的虚拟筛选和体外活性研究

目的:M1毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(M1受体)在改善学习和记忆等高级认知功能障碍中起重要作用,本文利用计算机辅助药物设计和高表达各M受体亚型的CHO细胞(Chinese hamster ovary cell,中国仓鼠卵巢细胞),以期筛选获得新型M1受体选择性别构激动剂。方法:通过计算机辅助药物设计方法,对已知具有M1受体选择性作用别构激动剂与M1受体的晶体结构进行对接,确定活性对接口袋,据此进行化合物库虚拟筛选;利用高表达各M受体亚型的CHO细胞,对化合物进行体外活性检测。结果:虚拟筛选得到184个化合物,其中,体外实验显示化合物AJ-292和AG-205-6对M1受体有明显的激动效果,而对M3、M5受体则无影响。结论:综合利用虚拟筛选、结构分析以及特异性活性分析,筛选出具有M1受体高选择性激动作用的化合物AJ-292和AG-205-6,为设计开发新型的M1选择性别构激动剂奠定了基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒E蛋白及其受体研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)包膜糖蛋白(E蛋白)位于病毒的最外侧,在病毒感染宿主过程中起着重要作用.E蛋白包括E1和E2蛋白,在真核细胞中表达时,其相对分子质量(Mr)大小受糖基化程度的影响,而且两者以某种形式连接形成二聚体,成为HCV包膜的亚单位.HCV E蛋白可能参与了某种信号转导过程.CD81是HCV E蛋白的受体.     

P2z／P2x7嘌呤能受体的研究进展

P2受体是许多种类细胞共有的一类膜受体,能选择性地与胞外ATP(ATPe)结合,产生多种生物效应。P2受体不同于P1受体,因后者也是一类嘌呤能受体,但仅选择性识别腺嘌呤,现称为A1、A2受体。包括ATP在内的多种天然或合成的核苷酸对不同亚型的P2受体有着不同的激活能力,因此根据药理学性质将P2受体分为五类:P2x、P2y、P2u、P2z和P2t,其中前四种是ATP受体,而P2t则是血小板(PLT)表达的ADP受体。P2z受体有一个     

丙肝病毒进入的潜在受体及其生物学作用

已确定是假定丙肝病毒（HCV）受体的细胞分子有：CD81蛋白跨膜蛋白、清道夫受体B类Ⅰ型（SR—BI）、甘露糖结合凝集素DC—SIGN和L—SIGN、低密度脂蛋白受体、乙酰肝素蛋白多糖和唾液酸受体。由于在细胞培养基中复制丙肝病毒的困难,因此这些分子大部分是通过分析它们与HCV糖蛋白E2可溶缩短形式之间的相互作用被确定的。近来研究HCV进入的主要步骤是发展假颗粒（HCVpp）,即：把未经修饰的HCV包膜糖蛋白组装到逆转录病毒核心颗粒上。这一方法可对候选受体在HCV复制周期早期步骤中的作用进行研究,所获得的数据现在能够借助新近发展的允许HCV有效扩增的细胞培养系统（HCVcc）被确认。     

激素在细胞内的作用机理(续)

(二)类固醇激素作用原理 (作用于细胞核的激素) 1.甾体激素的受体细胞对甾体激素的反应依赖于被称作受体(receptor)的蛋白质分子的存在。由激素和受体形成的复合物作用于细胞的基因物质。由内分泌器官所分泌的激素可以影响远距离的无明显关系的组织的细胞,在这些起调节     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.