共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
“艾西丝”南瓜诱导生根过程中过氧化物酶活性及同工酶的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以“艾西丝”南瓜组培苗为材料,研究其在诱导不定根形成过程中过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱的变化。结果表明,当南瓜无根苗从含有较高浓度的BA培养基转入1/2MS培养基后,可诱导无根苗茎基部不定根生成,一般在转入生根培养基第3d开始生根,至第6d生根率达70%以上。在此期间,南瓜茎内过氧化物酶活性由低增高,即在不定根形成之前,过氧化物酶活性处在较低水平,而当不定根形成时,过氧化物酶活性迅速升高,以后一直维持 相似文献
2.
Biochemical and phenotypical characterization of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a basic peroxidase 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Iman El Mansouri José A. Mercado Nieves Santiago-Dómenech Fernando Pliego-Alfaro Victoriano Valpuesta & Miguel A. Quesada 《Physiologia plantarum》1999,106(4):355-362
Tomato plants ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Pera) were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with the binary vector pKYLX71 containing a tomato basic peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) gene, tpx1 , under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) promoter. Transgenic plants showed a 2–5-fold increase in the activity of the peroxidase ionically bound to the cell wall, whereas soluble peroxidase activity remained similar or even lower than wild-type plants. Isoelectric focusing showed the presence of a new isoperoxidase of pI ca 9 in the ionically bound extract. Western blot also showed the presence of a new band at 41 kDa that was absent in the wild-type extract. A 40–220% increment of lignin content of the leaf was found in transgenic plants. Shoot phenotype of transgenic plants was similar to wild type, although under stress, the plants appeared wilted and the new leaves had a reduced area and were thicker than wild-type or older transgenic leaves. The root system was underdeveloped in transgenic plants, but the rooting ability of the stem was not affected by the overexpression of peroxidase. Finally, the morphogenetic response of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants from transgenic plants was evaluated. In the case of cotyledons, the percentage of explants with shoot was not different from wild-type plants. For hypocotyl, one of the transgenic lines showed a 30% reduction in the percentage of shoot organogenesis. The results are discussed in relation to the role of tpx1 in lignin synthesis. 相似文献
3.
Direct plant regeneration, multiple shoot formation and callogenesis were induced from cocoyam shoot tips cultured in vitro. At different stages of culture, phenol content, peroxidase activity and acidic soluble isoperoxidase patterns were analysed in plantlets. Results showed that phenol content of plantlets cultured on auxin-free media decreased with time, while it increased in those cultured on media supplemented with an auxin. Each form of morphogenesis induced with a growth regulator was preceded by an increase in total peroxidase activity. On hormone-free medium, organogenesis occurred (single shoot development and rhizogenesis), but there was no increase in total peroxidase activity. The appearance of isoperoxidase A2 was associated with root initiation, while the disappearance of isoperoxidase A5 and the appearance of isoperoxidase A6 preceded multiple shoot formation. These results indicate that total peroxidase activity was not a proper marker for organogenesis in cocoyam. Each form of morphogenetic differentiation is associated with an alteration of the acidic isoperoxidase pattern. These enzymes can be used as biochemical markers for rooting and multiple shoot initiation in cocoyam. 相似文献
4.
Hypocotyls of Albizia odoratissima cultured on shoot induction medium (MS medium with 7.5 μM BAP and 0.5 μM NAA) showed adventitious shoot organogenesis under
light with 16 h photoperiod. Similar cultures under total darkness produced non-morphogenic calli. The changes in the specific
peroxidase and catalase activity, total protein content and acidic isoperoxidase pattern were compared between the culture
showing shoot organogenesis and culture producing non-morphogenic calli. It was found that in vitro shoot bud differentiation
is accompanied by an increase of the specific activities of peroxidase and catalase in culture kept under light. In parallel
with the above changes the total protein content reached to the maximum level and also a new isoperoxidase (P10) expressed
on the 21st day in cultures kept under light. Conversely, culture producing non-morphogenic calli underwent a reverse change
in specific peroxidase activity. This change in antioxidant enzyme activities corresponds to the histological observation
of shoot bud differentiation in cultures kept under light. 相似文献
5.
The effects of exogenous ornithine, arginine and polyamines added to media leading to root, callus or bud initiation of Datura innoxia Mill. leaf explants growing in vitro were examined. Ornithine and arginine decarboxylase activities (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17; ADC, EC 4.1.1.19) as well as endogenous polyamine levels were also determined during the course of in vivo differentiation of the leaves and their subsequent in vitro dedifferentiation under rooting, callusing, or budding conditions. Decarboxylase activities were determined by measuring the 14 CO2 released and the polyamines were quantified after dansylation by thin-layer chromatography. In vivo, ODC and ADC activities decreased from shoots to young to old leaves. In vitro, synergistic effects between ornithine and indole-3-acetic acid on rhizogenesis were detected, while arginine was not effective. Exogenous putrescine also acted synergistically with auxin by promoting root growth. A close relationship was found between rhizogenesis, ODC activity and increase in endogenous putrescine and spermidine levels. ODC increased during the induction and time course of cell dedifferentiation and seemed to support these events, while ADC seemed to support only the later events involving redifferentiation. 相似文献
6.
In Chrysanthemum leaf explants cultivated in vitro the capacity to covalently link polyamines to protein substances exists. This plant enzyme activity shows some similarities with mammalian transglutaminases. In foliar explants cultured on a medium promoting bud or root formation increasing levels of transglutaminase-like activity occurred during the first days of culture when cell multiplication was rapid then the levels declined as the rate of cell division decreased and differentiation occurred. Undifferentiated callus exhibited low transglutaminase-like activity. Transglutaminase-like activity also increased in rapidly proliferating and growing organs (roots and buds initiated from the foliar explants) and decreased during maturity. The relationship among transglutaminases-like activity, cell division, bud and root formation is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Comparative studies on tobacco pith and sweet potato root isoperoxidases in relation to injury, indoleacetic Acid, and ethylene effects 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:0
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) root parenchyma and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) stem pith, both known to increase peroxidase activity after excision, differed from each other in their isoperoxidase patterns and in the isoperoxidase responses to injury and exogenous ethylene. 相似文献
8.
In Chrysanthemum leaf explants cultivated in vitro the capacity to covalently link polyamines to protein substances exists. This plant enzyme activity shows some similarities with mammalian transglutaminases. In foliar explants cultured on a medium promoting bud or root formation increasing levels of transglutaminase-like activity occurred during the first days of culture when cell multiplication was rapid then the levels declined as the rate of cell division decreased and differentiation occurred. Undifferentiated callus exhibited low transglutaminase-like activity. Transglutaminase-like activity also increased in rapidly proliferating and growing organs (roots and buds initiated from the foliar explants) and decreased during maturity. The relationship among transglutaminases-like activity, cell division, bud and root formation is discussed.Abbreviations TGase
transglutaminase
- BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Put
putrescine
- Spd
spermidine 相似文献
9.
Summary Hairy root cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill ev. Pera were established by infection of leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. The pattern of peroxidase isoenzymes in these tissues was similar to that of roots excised from tomato plants grown
in hydroponic cultures. Hairy root cultures may be an appropriate system to analyze the peroxidase involvement in the response
of isolated roots to salt stress, avoiding the problem of wounding or changes in hormone levels observed in roots excised
from plants. The cultures of hairy roots allowed the evaluation of changes in peroxidase patterns not only in the tissue but
also in the culture medium. Hairy roots were subcultured in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with or without 100 mM NaCl to investigate the evolution of growth, total peroxidase activity of the tissue and culture medium, and changes in the
peroxidase isoenzyme patterns under each condition of growth. Control cultures showed a growth index higher than those reported
for other hairy root cultures, and it was even higher in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. The total peroxidase activity in the tissue was similar for control and salt-treated roots. Even when the total peroxidase
activity of the medium decreased under salt treatment, NaCl induced secretion of a highly basic peroxidase and inhibition
of the secretion of some acidic isoenzymes. These changes may explain the physiological role of these enzymes in the response
to salt stress that we will possibly establish through a future study of the biochemical properties of those peroxidases. 相似文献
10.
Effects of Na(2)SO(3) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in geranium seedlings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lee MY 《Phytochemistry》2002,59(5):493-499
This study investigated the effects of Na(2)SO(3), which releases SO(2) in apoplastic water, on the growth of geranium seedlings and on the activities of various antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase. Sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) addition both inhibited primary root growth and stimulated lateral root growth of the seedlings respectively. In addition, the contents of chlorophyll and Rubisco protein of the seedlings were greatly reduced with Na(2)SO(3) treatment. Total peroxidase activities of the seedlings also increased proportionally with the amount of Na(2)SO(3), this presumably correlating with oxidative stress levels. Notably, about an 8-fold enhancement of total peroxidase activity occurred in seedlings treated with 60 nM Na(2)SO(3) at pH 4.0. This enhancement of total peroxidase activity was mainly due to the increase of a strong cationic isoperoxidase, strong anionic isoperoxidase and neutral isoperoxidase activities. The strong cationic isoperoxidase from geranium seedlings was found to be the same enzyme as PC3 from geranium callus in terms of its physicochemical and catalytic properties. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were greatly enhanced with Na(2)SO(3) treatments at pH 4.0 without significant alteration of catalase activity. These results suggest that Na(2)SO(3) exposure, activities the plants defense mechanism against the reactive oxygen species generated. 相似文献
11.
Protein content, total and specific peroxidase activity and isoperoxidase patterns were determined in crude protein preparations
from individual parts of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Jubilar). Protein content in roots, leaves, and stalks increased at the beginning of ontogenesis and then decreased
from 6th, 9th, and 10th development phase (according to Feekes), respectively. Steady increase of the protein content in the
ears was observed.
Highest peroxidase activity was found in the roots; it diminished from the onset of ontogenesis till maturity of the plants.
In the leaves and stalks a slight decrease of peroxidase activity till the 10th development phase and then an increase till
maturity was found. The ears exhibited a gradual increase of peroxidase activity. The course of specific peroxidase activity
was found to be very similar to that of total activity.
Isoperoxidase patterns did not change significantly. In the leaves, a decrease of activity of C4 and C5 isoperoxidases was recorded. In the stalks, C l isoenzyme emerged at the end of ontogenesis. A gradual increase of A1 and A5 isoperoxidase intensity took place both in the leaves and stalks. 相似文献
12.
Leaf discs of Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridi-crispawere cultured on a defined medium to investigate factors influencingbud and root formation, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis,and floral bud formation. Addition of naphthalene-acetic acid(NAA) to the culture medium caused compact callus whereas 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) promoted soft and friable callus formationon the surface of the explants. Benzyladenine, when appliedwith auxin, suppressed callus and root formation. Somatic embryogenesisoccurred, when the explants were first grown on nutrient mediumcontaining 2,4-D and organic elements, and then transferredto the 2,4-D free medium. Treatments with cytokinins, N-phenyl-N'-(4-pyridyl)urea and its derivatives induced bud formation. A low concentrationof NAA and naphthoxy-acetic acid promoted bud development. Occasionalfloral bud formation was observed depending on the originalleaf positions on mother plants from which the leaf discs wereexcised. A gradient of floral bud forming capacity along thestem was noted. Perilla frutescens, tissue culture, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, benzyl adenine, kinetin, naphthalene-acetic acid, naphthoxy-acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, indol-3yl-acetic acid, cytokinins, auxins 相似文献
13.
Variation of intratissular carbohydrates during bud formation in root explants of Cichorium intybus cultivated in vitro .
During the cellular activation that begins with excision of root explants from Cichorium intybus L. var. Witloof cv. Zoom cultured in vitro, hydrolysis of fructose polymers, in particular of the polyfructosans (inulin) takes place. The products of degradation are used to cover the energetic needs connected with the increase of the mitotic activity. After day 2 the intracellular carbohydrates (sucrose and reducing sugars) develop differently according to further development of the explants. When growth of unorganized callus is favoured and organ formation inhibited by medium supplemented with auxin, fructose is accumulated; but under bud-forming conditions it is the amount of sucrose that increases. These differences were most notable between days 3 and 10 in culture, the period during which primordia occurred in the shoot-forming callus 相似文献
During the cellular activation that begins with excision of root explants from Cichorium intybus L. var. Witloof cv. Zoom cultured in vitro, hydrolysis of fructose polymers, in particular of the polyfructosans (inulin) takes place. The products of degradation are used to cover the energetic needs connected with the increase of the mitotic activity. After day 2 the intracellular carbohydrates (sucrose and reducing sugars) develop differently according to further development of the explants. When growth of unorganized callus is favoured and organ formation inhibited by medium supplemented with auxin, fructose is accumulated; but under bud-forming conditions it is the amount of sucrose that increases. These differences were most notable between days 3 and 10 in culture, the period during which primordia occurred in the shoot-forming callus 相似文献
14.
Phenol content, acidic peroxidase and IAA-oxidase during somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao L. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Calli were induced in cacao cotyledon explants on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6 × 10-2 g m-3 saccharose
and various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with kinetin (kin), benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 2-isopentenylphosphate
(2-iP). Experiments were carried out on two clones of cacao differing in their susceptibility to black pod disease. The highest
percentage of explants forming callus and the most rapid callus development were obtained with 10-6 g m-3 2,4-D and 0.5× 10-6
g m-3 kin. Somatic embryogenesis and rhizogenesis were induced by transferring 3-week-old callus in a half strength Murashige
and Skoog medium containing 3 × 10-2 g m-3 saccharose and NAA or IBA in the 0 to 5 × 10-6 g m-3 concentration range. No differentiation
could be observed when the medium was supplemented with kin or BAP. The conversion of callus into somatic embryos and roots
was accompanied by a drop in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase and IAA-oxidase activities. Moreover, cell differentiation
was characterized by the persistence in the callus of one acidic soluble isoperoxidase which was not detected in nondifferentiating
callus. Although some differences were noticed between the clones, alterations responsible for cell differentiation were the
same in both genotypes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
The present investigation deals with the influence of auxin and kinetin on cultures of potato tuber tissue, and the effect of the size of the explants on the organ formation. Exogenous application of auxin is indispensable for initiating callus formation of the tissue, but kinetin is not necessarily required. Kinetin serves to maintain the callus development, indicating that the stimulation of callus growth due to exogenous auxin would presumably be mediated by the addition of kinetin to the medium. A relatively low concentration of auxin in the medium is required for root formation on the culture. In this case, IAA is markedly superior to any other auxin in root forming activity. NAA is somewhat less effective than IAA, and 2,4-D shows no stimulation on root formation. The growth and organ formation of potato tissue are remarkably affected By the variation in sizes of the explants. Spontaneous formation of a sprout was observed on the large explant in the medium without auxin. Small explants form only callus or roots in the presence of auxin and kinetin irrespective of combination or concentration. It seems likely that a sufficient amount of stimulus for initiation of bud formation may be contained in the large sized explant itself. 相似文献
16.
Purification and Characterization of Isoperoxidases Elicited by Aspergillus flavus in Cotton Ovule Cultures
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant physiology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Mellon JE 《Plant physiology》1991,95(1):14-20
Two anionic isoperoxidases were isolated from media of Aspergillus flavus-inoculated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovule cultures and purified about 150-fold to apparent homogeneity by treatment with Cell Debris Remover and ion exchange chromatography on Accell QMA medium. These isoperoxidases were present in noninoculated cotton ovule cultures at low levels. The major activity peak (B) represented 90% of the recovered peroxidase activity and was electrophoretically homogeneous. The minor activity peak (A) was about 95% pure. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed that B was greater than 95% pure with respect to other peroxidase isozymes, while the enzyme in A was about 90% isozymically pure. Each isoperoxidase displayed a molecular mass of 56 kilodaltons by interpolation from denaturing gel electrophoresis. The B isozyme displayed a molecular mass of 55 kilodaltons by gel filtration chromatography. The pH optima for the cotton ovule isoperoxidases were similar, 5.0 for isozyme A and 6.0 for isozyme B. The isoelectric points for isozymes A and B were 4.2 and 4.4, respectively. Eugenol, guaiacol, and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine were good electron donor substrates, whereas 4-aminoantipyrine was a poor substrate. The absorption spectrum of the material in B revealed a major peak at 400 nanometers and a minor peak at 280 nanometers. The molar extinction coefficient at 400 nanometers (pH 7.0) was calculated to be 1.07 × 105 per square centimeter per mole. Amino acid analysis of isozyme B confirmed the acidic nature of this protein and identified a number of similarities to the anionic peroxidases from tobacco and potato. This glycoprotein was found to contain 12 to 14% sugar (by weight), mainly in the form of galactose and mannose. 相似文献
17.
Elizabeth Agostini Silvia Milrad de Forchetti Horacio A. Tigier 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,47(2):177-182
Hairy roots cultures derived from leaf explants ofBrassica napus L. produced and secreted peroxidases. The enzyme activity in the medium increased with growth but it remained nearly constant
in the tissue. The changes in extracellular peroxidase activity seemed to be correlated with the increase in a basic peroxidase
of pI: 9.6. Four isoenzymes with pI in the range 8.5–9.6 and a neutral peroxidase of pI 6.3 were the most important peroxidases
detected in cell extracts. Ca2+ addition at the beginning of the culture stimulated both the excretion of peroxidase to the medium and the enzyme activity
in hairy roots but the isoenzyme profiles did not show qualitative changes during the growth cycle for both culture conditions. 相似文献
18.
玉米感染禾谷镰刀菌后PAL、POD活性和同工酶谱的变化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为了明确苯丙氨酸解氨酶活和过氧化物酶活与玉米对镰刀菌茎腐病的抗性关系,探讨玉米对镰刀菌茎腐病的抗病机制及其在玉米抗病性鉴定中的利用,用禾谷镰刀菌孢子悬浮液对抗病品种陕单931和感病品种西农11号在抽雄初期进行接种,并于接种后测定茎秆髓部组织内的PAL,POD活性变化以及POD同工酶谱的变化。结果表明,玉米植株受镰刀菌侵染后,抗病品种的PAL酶活上升快,活性强,且形成两个活性高峰,高活性时间持续长;感病品种PAL酶活上升慢,活性相对较弱,且只形成一个峰,高活性持续时间短。抗病品种POD酶活峰值高,感病品种峰值低;抗病品种高酶活持续的时间长,感病品种高酶活持续的短。POD同工酶谱研究表明,抗、感品种POD同工酶带都有增多。抗病品种增5条,感病品种新增2条。PAL活性变化、POD活性变化及同工酶谱酶活变化与其对茎腐病的抗性有密切的关系,可作为抗病育种的生理生化指标。 相似文献
19.
20.
This report deals with micropropagation of the critically endangered and endemic Turkish shrub, Thermopsis turcica using callus, root and cotyledonary explants. Callus cultures were initiated from root and cotyledon explants on MS medium
supplemented with 0.5–20 μM NAA or 2,4-D. The root explants were found to be better in terms of quick responding and callusing
percentages as compared to the cotyledons. Organogenic callus production with adventitious roots and shoots were obtained
on MS medium with only NAA. The calli obtained with NAA, root and cotyledonary explants were cultured with BA and kinetin
(2–8 μM) alone or in combination with a low level (0.5 μM) of 2,4-D or NAA. The best regeneration of shoots from root explants
was observed on hormone-free MS medium. NAA with BA or kinetin in the medium improved shoot induction from the calli obtained
with NAA. Maximum percentage of shoots (93.3%), maximum number of shoots (6.2) and maximun length of shoots (8.22 cm) were
achieved from cotyledonary explants at 4 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. The presence of 0.5 μM or higher levels of 2,4-D in shoot induction
medium inhibited the regeneration in T. turcica explants. 83% of in vitro rooting was attained on pulsed-IBA treated shoots. The regenerated plants with well developed shoots and roots were successfully
acclimatized. Application of this study’s results has the potential to conserve T. turcica from extinction. 相似文献